全髋关节置换术下肢等长探讨

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术中如何准确达到下肢等长。方法：1996年5月-2001年7月有88例（92侧）髋关节置换术,男52例。女36例。年龄40-96岁。平均62.5岁。其中有76例下肢术前不等长。下肢长短状态分为可变下肢长度与不可变下肢长度。所有患者术前均进行X线片模板测试及下肢长度测量。不可变下肢长度（即患肢长短固定。不发生变化）术中采用克氏针标记骨盆。股骨之间距离,置入假体后根据实际情况调整长度;可变下肢长度（即术前患肢长短随时可发生变化）靠“三要素”来衡量,结果：术前患肢缩短1-4cm的76例患者中,术后仅有6例患肢延长0.5-2cm。2例患肢缩短1cm和2cm;术前12例下肢等长患者中有2例患肢延长1.5cm和2cm。结论：术前模板测试及下肢长短准确测量,术中通过克氏针标记骨盆与股骨技术及“三要素”衡量。能准确达到下肢等长。可以预防下肢不等长。     

非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形

[目的]介绍非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对19例股骨头颈短缩畸形患者采用非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗。手术采用后外侧入路,先切开并松解粘连挛缩的髋关节囊,充分显露髋臼,确定真性髋臼位置并行髋臼成形或再造,安放髋臼假体;适配型号的股骨柄试模置入后安放递增长度的股骨头进行髋关节复位,在保持髋关节张力的情况下触摸髋关节周围挛缩的软组织并依次松解,随后置入适配的股骨柄及股骨头假体,复位髋关节。[结果]19例患者均顺利完成手术。术后均实现髋臼及股骨柄生物性压配与初始稳定,无严重并发症。术后随访6～36个月。术后6个月随访时患者Harris评分为（94.5±4.7）分,临床效果评定：优15例、良4例,优良率100%。术后影像显示所有患者均保持解剖位旋转中心,假体位置良好,术后3个月X线片均示广泛性骨长入,随访期间均未发生脱位、假体柄移位及断裂。[结论]全髋关节置换术不行股骨缩短截骨治疗终末期关节合并股骨头、颈缩短畸形技术可行,短期疗效满意。     

非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形

[目的]介绍非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对19例股骨头颈短缩畸形患者采用非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗。手术采用后外侧入路,先切开并松解粘连挛缩的髋关节囊,充分显露髋臼,确定真性髋臼位置并行髋臼成形或再造,安放髋臼假体;适配型号的股骨柄试模置入后安放递增长度的股骨头进行髋关节复位,在保持髋关节张力的情况下触摸髋关节周围挛缩的软组织并依次松解,随后置入适配的股骨柄及股骨头假体,复位髋关节。[结果]19例患者均顺利完成手术。术后均实现髋臼及股骨柄生物性压配与初始稳定,无严重并发症。术后随访6～36个月。术后6个月随访时患者Harris评分为（94.5±4.7）分,临床效果评定：优15例、良4例,优良率100%。术后影像显示所有患者均保持解剖位旋转中心,假体位置良好,术后3个月X线片均示广泛性骨长入,随访期间均未发生脱位、假体柄移位及断裂。[结论]全髋关节置换术不行股骨缩短截骨治疗终末期关节合并股骨头、颈缩短畸形技术可行,短期疗效满意。     

非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形

[目的]介绍非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对19例股骨头颈短缩畸形患者采用非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗。手术采用后外侧入路,先切开并松解粘连挛缩的髋关节囊,充分显露髋臼,确定真性髋臼位置并行髋臼成形或再造,安放髋臼假体;适配型号的股骨柄试模置入后安放递增长度的股骨头进行髋关节复位,在保持髋关节张力的情况下触摸髋关节周围挛缩的软组织并依次松解,随后置入适配的股骨柄及股骨头假体,复位髋关节。[结果]19例患者均顺利完成手术。术后均实现髋臼及股骨柄生物性压配与初始稳定,无严重并发症。术后随访6～36个月。术后6个月随访时患者Harris评分为（94.5±4.7）分,临床效果评定：优15例、良4例,优良率100%。术后影像显示所有患者均保持解剖位旋转中心,假体位置良好,术后3个月X线片均示广泛性骨长入,随访期间均未发生脱位、假体柄移位及断裂。[结论]全髋关节置换术不行股骨缩短截骨治疗终末期关节合并股骨头、颈缩短畸形技术可行,短期疗效满意。     

非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形

[目的]介绍非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对19例股骨头颈短缩畸形患者采用非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗。手术采用后外侧入路,先切开并松解粘连挛缩的髋关节囊,充分显露髋臼,确定真性髋臼位置并行髋臼成形或再造,安放髋臼假体;适配型号的股骨柄试模置入后安放递增长度的股骨头进行髋关节复位,在保持髋关节张力的情况下触摸髋关节周围挛缩的软组织并依次松解,随后置入适配的股骨柄及股骨头假体,复位髋关节。[结果]19例患者均顺利完成手术。术后均实现髋臼及股骨柄生物性压配与初始稳定,无严重并发症。术后随访6～36个月。术后6个月随访时患者Harris评分为（94.5±4.7）分,临床效果评定：优15例、良4例,优良率100%。术后影像显示所有患者均保持解剖位旋转中心,假体位置良好,术后3个月X线片均示广泛性骨长入,随访期间均未发生脱位、假体柄移位及断裂。[结论]全髋关节置换术不行股骨缩短截骨治疗终末期关节合并股骨头、颈缩短畸形技术可行,短期疗效满意。     

人工全髋置换术中拉钩对下肢深静脉血栓影响的研究

目的：通过对髂外动静脉及股动静脉与髋臼解剖学与临床的研究，探讨在全髋臼置换术中拉钩在髋放置位置对下肢深静脉血栓的影响。方法：通过解剖学研究56具成年骨盆标本中髂外动静脉及股动静脉来源及走行、与髋臼的关系进行测量分析；并通过临床观察22例（股骨颈骨折12例、股骨头缺血性坏死6例、类风湿性关节炎4例）在人工全髋置换术（THR）中拉钩放置安全区，经下肢静脉超声多普勒检查观察下肢深静脉血栓发病率。结果：在左侧3-5点间、右侧7-9点、左侧9点、右侧3点使用拉钩用力要适度，牵拉时间过长，会造成臀下血管、股动脉的牵拉过度或时间过长，易引起下肢深静脉血栓；通过临床22例THR拉钩放置安全区的观察，无一例下肢深静脉血栓，仅有2例轻度深静脉血流缓慢、但无明显的症状体征，经过口服活血通络中药后消失。结论：通过解剖学与临床观察研究，确定在THR中拉钩放置位置、深度是避免下肢深静脉血栓的重要因素。     

全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)的手术方法并评价其临床疗效。方法12例DDH患者根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型2例。全部采用B iom et全髋假体置换。髋臼假体均为生物型固定,股骨假体除2例骨水泥固定,其余为生物型固定。3例髋臼重建利用自体股骨头于髋臼前外方植骨造盖,9例于真臼水平将髋臼内移;3例股骨重建于转子下截骨短缩并纠正前倾;Ⅲ、Ⅳ型DDH行关节周围软组织松解。结果患者术后均未出现坐骨神经麻痹、下肢深静脉栓塞、切口感染及早期人工关节脱位等并发症。肢体延长最多4.8 cm,平均2.8 cm。随访6个月~2年,Harris髋关节评分由术前平均40.7分提高到84.5分,未发生人工关节脱位或假体松动。结论对有症状的DDH或强烈要求改善步态的年轻患者,全髋置换术是一种有效的治疗方法。     

全髋置换术的麻醉处理

全髋置换术的麻醉处理陈晓菲＊林娜＊金鸣苍＊全髋置换术具有创伤大、失血多、老年人多和可能出现骨水泥不良反应等特点，兹对其麻醉处理和有关情况报道如下。临床资料全髋置换术１７１例（１９４次）。男１０６例，女６５例。年龄２１～７７岁。合并高血压者１３例，在术...     

全髋置换术的护理体会

全髋关节置换术适合于髋关节严重疾患,伴有慢性疼痛、功能受阻,经非手术治疗无法缓解和改善症状者.其最常见的适应症有股骨颈骨折、股骨头无菌性坏死、原发性或继发性骨关节炎、创伤性骨关节炎等.现就全髋置换术后护理谈几点体会.     

Total Hip Replacement in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis

Fifty total hip replacements in 33 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis were performed over a 10-year period with good pain reduction, increased hip motion but only a moderate increase in walking capacity. the average age at operation was 26 years and the average follow-up time 77 months.

Six hips (patients) have been reoperated, one for infection, one for suspected infection and four due to mechanical loosening. Loosening was revealed radio-graphically in 10 hips at follow-up. Lack of cement cover and varus position was the main reason for loosening of the femoral stem.

Considering the high loosening rate it is probable that at least one revision arthroplasty will be necessary in the future.     

Ring Total Hip Replacement in Osteoarthrosis

A follow-up is given of the results of 40 arthroplasties with the non-cemented, vitalliuBQ-to-vitallium bearing Ring total hip prosthesis in 37 patients with osteoarthrosis. Operative indication was an intolerably painful and stiff joint. The surgery was performed by two specialists in orthopaedics. Point scores according to a modification of Merle d'Aubigne's classification showed excellent or at least good results in 52.5 per cent, and fair results in 27.5 per cent of the operations. One prosthesis was removed because of deep infection. The mortality rate was zero. in 20 per cent the total score was between 0 and 7, signifying little or no improvement. Loosening was the main problem even although it was in many cases well tolerated by the patients.     

Tuberculosis as a Late Complication of Total Hip Replacement

A case of tuberculosis developing in a hip joint which had undergone total prosthetic replacement arthroplasty 7 years previously is described. The patient had no manifestation of active systemic tuberculosis although calcified mesenteric nodes were noted on abdominal X-ray. It is assumed that hip joint infection occurred during a bacteraemia following activation of a latent tuberculous focus in the mesenteric lymph nodes.     

Surface Replacement Arthroplasty of the Hip: Experience with the ICLH Method

Fifty-six ICLH-surface replacement arthroplasties of the hip were followed up prospectively for 1 to 6 years postoperatively, mean 2.5 years. Fifty-one hips had osteoarthritis and five rheumatoid arthritis. Pain, motion, walking ability, and function were considerably improved after surgery. It is our impression that the clinical results were equal to those obtained by conventional stemmed hip arthroplasties. Complications were recorded in nine hips, with femoral neck fracture in two, loosening of both components in two, and loosening of the acetabular component in five. Three of the failures occurred in the five hips with rheumatoid arthritis. The high failure rate is disturbing, and we now limit the indications for this procedure to patients with osteoarthritis, 40-60 years of age, and with good bone stock.     

全髋置换术后早期人工髋关节脱位的原因分析与预防对策

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后人工髋关节脱位的原因及防治策略。方法回顾性分析1993年5月~2006年6月15例人工关节脱位的临床资料,全麻下手法复位后牵引或外固定治疗。结果均复位成功,发现脱位至复位成功平均时间为6.2(1~15)d。均获随访,未再发生脱位。结论行全髋关节置换术应严格掌握手术适应证,提高手术技巧,加强术后护理,以预防术后脱位发生。     

Fracture of the Femoral Prosthesis in Total Hip Replacement According to Charnley

An analysis of 14 fractures of the stem of the early design of low friction arthroplasty showed a predominance of heavy, bilaterally operated males. The total incidence was 0.67 per cent. The fractures occurred between 14 months and 5 years postoperatively. Every fracture was preceded by radiological signs of loosening caused by varus positioning of the femoral head prosthesis and defective cement support medially at the femoral calcar.     

Total hip Replacement Ad Modum Ring

A 2–9 years (mean 5.4) follow-up of 295 Ring total hip replacements is presented. the pre-and postoperative conditions were evaluated according to Charnley. There were improvements as regards pain (1.4 to 5.4 points), mobility (2.5 to 5.0 points) and walking ability (2.2 to 4.0 points). the mortality rate was 0.3 per cent. Early deep infection occurred in 0.7 per cent and late deep infection in 0.3 per cent; 4.4 per cent needed revision for loosening (long femoral component 1.0 per cent; short femoral component 8.6 per cent). Radiological loosening indicated by a radiolucent zone of at least 3 mm wide surrounding the prosthesis was found to have no significant correlation with the clinical result. A significantly greater number of patients required reoperation when the short prosthesis was used. Even apart from those reoperated on the results were significantly poorer when the short prosthesis was used.

It is concluded that the Ring prosthesis can still be recommended, but that the long prosthesis should be used whenever possible. When this is not possible, a cemented prosthesis should, perhaps, be used.     

Mechanical Loosening of the Femoral Component in Total Hip Replacement, Brunswik Design

One hundred and sixty-one non-infected primary total hip replacements, Brunswik design, were examined clinically and radiographically. Mechanical loosening defined as a radiolucent zone developing at the proximal, lateral part of the stem occurred in almost 40 per cent during the first few years after the operation whereafter a steady state was reached. Loosening of the stem was more common in men and in patients with a previous femoral neck fracture and significantly related to improper cementing.     

人工全髋关节置换术对骨质疏松症患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨混合型与生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）对老年骨质疏松症患者骨密度的影响。方法选取老年股骨头无菌性坏死需行THA患者68例,随机分为混合型组与生物型组,每组各34例。混合型组选用混合型假体,Palacos抗生素骨水泥固定股骨柄假体,髋臼假体采用非骨水泥固定;生物型THA组选用Depuy公司人工关节。术后1、3、6、12个月及2年时患者来院复诊测定骨密度（bone densitometry,BMD）,将假体分7个测量兴趣区（region of interest,ROI）。结果两组各测量兴趣区主要数据从术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月递减,以术后6个月或术后12个月降至最低,至术后2年又呈现升高趋势;在假体周围,ROI4BMD值最高,ROI7、ROI1BMD值最低。且两组术后BMD变化及趋势,以及各测量兴趣区BMD值比较,均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论混合型与生物型THA术对老年骨质疏松症患者骨密度可能不具有差异性的影响,术后至6个月或12个月内BMD值呈逐渐降低的趋势,2年后又逐渐升高,但骨质疏松性质未发生改变。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节发育不良的中期研究

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术（total hip replacement,THR）在成人发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）继发骨性关节炎的中期治疗经验。方法对26例（29髋）DDH继发骨性关节炎的患者行THR。对23例中、重度骨缺损者,采用植骨修补外上方承重区骨缺损,并重建髋臼及股骨的解剖结构,合理安装假体。结果随访9个月~6年,Harris关节功能评分由术前的平均（33.8±0.7）分提高到术后的（87.1±0.3）分。所有患者活动度增加,未出现骨折不愈合、内固定断裂、感染、神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成及假体周围骨折等并发症。8例双下肢不等长者,短缩差由术前平均2.7（2.1-4.5）cm缩小到术后平均0.5（0.1-0.7）cm,外观改善明显。结论 DDH继发骨性关节炎采用THR是行之有效的。充分的软组织松解、重建髋臼和股骨近端结构以及合适的假体选择是手术的关键。