社区空巢老人述情障碍现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解社区空巢老人述情障碍现状并分析其影响因素。方法2018年10月至2019年5月,便利抽样法选取重庆市主城区6个社区的425名空巢老人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、多伦多述情障碍量表、阿森斯失眠量表、日常生活活动能力量表(activities of daily living scale,ADLs)及社会支持评定量表对其进行调查。结果社区空巢老人述情障碍的发生率为19.8%,总分为(50.52土8.63)分,各维度得分从高到低依次为外向性思维、情感表达障碍和情感识别障碍。述情障碍得分与ADLs及其各维度得分呈正相关(均P<0.05),与社会支持及其各维度得分呈负相关(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现,文化程度、婚姻状况、体育锻炼、睡眠质量、日常生活活动能力及主观社会支持是社区空巢老人述情障碍的重要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区空巢老人述情障碍发生率较高,医护人员可从多种影响因素着手,制定切实可行的干预措施,以改善空巢老人的述情障碍。     

觉知压力和社会支持对独居老人孤独感与心理健康的影响

目的研究觉知压力和社会支持对独居老人孤独感与心理健康的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2017年3月～2018年9月我院所辖社区独居老人60例作为观察组。选取同一时间段同社区非独居老人60例作为对照组。采用孤独感量表(UCLA)评估老人孤独感情况;以中国心理健康量表(老年版)(CMHI-E)判定老人的心理健康状况;采用觉知压力量表(CPSS)及社会支持量表(SSRS)分析老人的觉知压力、社会支持状况。并作相关性分析。结果观察组UCLA评分高于对照组,CMHI-E评分低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组CPSS评分高于对照组,SSRS评分低于对照组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,独居老人CPSS评分与UCLA评分呈正相关,与CMHI-E评分呈负相关;SSRS评分与UCLA评分呈负相关,与CMHI-E评分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论觉知压力和社会支持与独居老人孤独感和心理健康存在密切相关,临床工作中可通过针对觉知压力和社会支持对独居老人进行干预,从而改善其孤独感以及心理健康。     

昆明市空巢老人抑郁状况调查及其影响因素

目的:调查空巢老人抑郁现状,分析其影响因素.方法:随机抽取昆明市四城区300名老人,采用老年抑郁量表、领悟社会支持量表、幸福感指数量表和人口统计学调查表测查.结果:(1)空巢独居老人抑郁得分以及检出率显著高于空巢同居与非空巢老人,社会支持得分显著低于非空巢老人(P<0.05);(2)从抑郁状况看,丧偶空巢老人显著高于有配偶者、中专文化程度者显著高于其他文化程度者、低于当地经济水平者显著高于其他经济水平者(P<0.05或P<0.001);(3)抑郁与社会支持、幸福感指数呈显著负相关(P<0.01),而幸福感指数与社会支持呈显著正相关(P<0.01).结论:抑郁严重影响空巢老人特别是空巢独居老人的心身健康,社会支持、经济等因素影响空巢老人的抑郁和生存质量.     

377名长沙某社区老年人怀旧感孤独感与社会支持相关性研究

目的 调查长沙某社区老年人孤独感、怀旧感与社会支持状况和三者之间的相关性.方法 便利抽样选取湖南省长沙2个社区377名老年人,采用社会支持评定量表、怀旧感量表及UCLA孤独量表进行调查.结果 377名社区老年人社会支持、怀旧感及孤独感得分分别为(39.85±7.71)分、(52.37±6.31)分、(38.31±9.72)分,社会支持和怀旧感处于中等水平,孤独感处于中等偏上水平;三者的相关系数为-0.405~0.246(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 长沙2个社区老年人社会支持与积极怀旧感呈一定正相关,与孤独感呈一定负相关,社会支持越强,积极怀旧感越强,孤独感越弱.建议通过提高老年人的积极怀旧感和社会支持,从而降低该社区老年人孤独情绪体验.     

湖南省1002名农村空巢老年人自杀意念现状及影响因素分析

目的:调查农村空巢老年人的自杀意念,并分析其影响因素.方法:采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2018年3月—2018年10月从湖南省安仁县5镇8乡随机抽取9个乡(镇)72个行政村的1002名农村空巢老年人为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、疏离感量表、社会支持量表、自杀意念量表进行调查.采用Logistic回归分析农村空巢老年人自杀意念的影响因素.结果:湖南省1002名农村空巢老年人自杀意念的发生率为35.2％.Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、家庭人均月收入、自理能力、目前患有的慢性病数量、子女个数、社会支持水平是农村空巢老年人自杀意念影响因素(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:湖南省农村空巢老年人的自杀意念的发生率较高,社区护士应重点关注男性、高龄、家庭人均月收入低、自理能力差、患≥3种慢性病、子女个数少、社会支持水平低的农村空巢老年人的心理健康状况,及时给予针对性干预,降低其自杀意念.     

医养结合背景下沈阳市社区空巢老人对时间储蓄养老照护需求的研究

目的了解沈阳市社区空巢老人对时间储蓄养老照护需求现状及其影响因素。方法采用一般资料问卷和养老照护需求调查问卷对沈阳市364名社区空巢老人进行调查。结果沈阳市社区空巢老人对时间储蓄养老照护需求总分为(2.58±0.15)分,处于较高水平。年龄、文化程度、子女数量、居住方式、患病种类为空巢老人时间储蓄养老照护需求的主要影响因素。结论沈阳市社区空巢老人对时间储蓄养老需求较高,建议政府、社区通力合作,调动社会资源,推动该模式健康有序发展。     

社区空巢老人抑郁状况的影响因素分析

目的了解上海市社区空巢老人的抑郁状况及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法便利抽样选择上海市嘉定区真新街道4个街区的空巢老人212名,应用老年抑郁量表、社会支持量表等测量工具对其进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果社区空巢老人抑郁发生率为31.13%。经单因素分析,年龄大、无配偶、文化程度低、独居、参加体育活动频率低、1年内住过院、自我健康评价低者,其抑郁评分及其发生率高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。经逐步多元线性回归分析,社区空巢老人抑郁评分的主要影响因素包括年龄、有无配偶、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价、1年内是否住过院(P0.05)。相关性分析发现,社区空巢老人的抑郁分值与其客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分均呈负相关(P0.01)。结论社区空巢老人抑郁状况的影响因素众多,社区及家庭应多给予关注,尤其是高龄、无配偶、独居的空巢老人,以期为空巢老人营造幸福安康的生活环境,提高其生命质量。     

唐山市高龄失能老人孤独感与家庭社会支持的相关性

[目的]了解唐山市高龄失能老人的孤独心理状况并探讨其影响因素。[方法]选取唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区75岁及以上的老人,采用孤独感量表、日常生活能力量表、家庭支持量表和社会支持量表进行调查。[结果]筛选出失能老人1　664人,77.9%的高龄失能老人处于中等及以上孤独感水平,失能老人孤独感水平显著高于非失能老人。文盲(OR=0.303)、轻度失能(OR=1.792)、无大便失禁(OR=4.368)、能够积极面对生活(OR=4.223)、经常与子女交流(OR=8.225)、居委会经常提供服务(OR=2.803)、子女从不采取老人意见(OR=0.026)、家庭支持低(OR=0.652)、社会支持低(OR=0.089)是高龄失能老人孤独心理的影响因素(P0.05)。[结论]高龄老人失能发生率较高,高龄失能老人孤独感水平处于中等及以上,高龄失能老人孤独感与文化程度、失能程度、大便失禁、能否积极面对生活、家庭支持、社会支持等因素相关。     

上海市社区空巢老人总体幸福感影响因素分析

目的:探讨上海市社区空巢老人总体幸福感的影响因素。方法:采用日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、正性负性情绪量表(PANAS)、社会支持评定量表和总体幸福感量表(GWB),对社区空巢老人进行测评。结果:本组空巢老人年龄、对身体满意程度、日常生活活动能力、正性情绪、负性情绪、社会支持对总体幸福感产生影响;日常生活活动能力正常者与降低者总体幸福感OR值为2.445,正性情绪低与正性情绪高者总体幸福感OR值为0.327,负性情绪低与负性情绪高者总体幸福感OR值为5.690,社会支持低与社会支持高者总体幸福感OR值为0.459。结论:应关注社区空巢老人,通过提高其正性情绪、降低负性情绪、增加社会支持等措施,增加其总体幸福感。     

温州市社区空巢老人社会支持与生活质量的相关性研究

目的 分析社区空巢老人社会支持和生活质量的关系,探讨提高空巢老人生活质量的有效途径.方法 采用健康测量量表(SF-36)和社会支持评定量表(SRSS),调查温州市社区314名空巢老人社会支持情况和生活质量情况,并与非空巢组进行比较,分析空巢老人社会支持与其生活质量的相关性.结果 空巢老人社会支持与非空巢组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);空巢组与非空巢组生活质量的生理机能、躯体疼痛比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);空巢老人社会支持与生活质量的生理机能、生理职能、社会功能、情感职能呈显著正相关,与躯体疼痛、总体健康呈显著负相关(P<0.01).结论 社会支持与空巢老人的生活质量密切相关,社区护理人员应重视社会支持系统对提高空巢老人生活质量的作用,拓宽空巢老人现有的社会支持渠道,提高生活质量.     

社区老年人互助养老意愿现状及其影响因素分析

目的:调查社区老年人互助养老意愿的现状并分析其影响因素。方法:调查498例社区老年人参与互助养老的意愿、人口学资料、Barthel指数、UCLA孤独感量表中文简化版和社会功能缺陷筛选表(SDSS)等的评分情况,分析影响互助养老意愿的因素,尤其是心理社会因素的影响。结果:60.2%的社区老年人愿意尝试互助养老模式;回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、孤独感得分、社会参与程度是老年人是否选择互助养老模式的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:超过半数社区老年人愿意参加互助养老,为促进此种养老模式的推行,应重点从改善心理社会因素,如老年人孤独感水平和社会参与程度入手,政府和社区工作人员应加强相关宣传和教育。     

甲状腺癌术后131I隔离治疗患者孤独感现状及影响因素研究

目的：调查甲状腺癌术后¹³¹I隔离治疗患者孤独感现状,并分析其影响因素。方法：采用方便抽样法,2021年3月至12月选择228例甲状腺癌术后¹³¹I隔离治疗患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、癌症孤独感量表(CLS)、一般疏离感量表(GSA)、安全感量表(SQ)进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析患者孤独感影响因素。结果：甲状腺癌术后¹³¹I隔离治疗患者孤独感总分为(18.86±4.03)分;疏离感总分为(32.07±4.87)分;安全感总分为(59.73±12.39)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、负面社会期望、疏离感、安全感、学历、居住状态是孤独感影响因素(P<0.05),可解释总变异的56%。结论：甲状腺癌术后¹³¹I隔离治疗患者孤独感处于中等水平,重点关注年龄较大、学历较低、独居、疏离且缺乏安全感的患者。医护工作者应早期识别¹³¹I隔离治疗患者的孤独感情绪,采取积极的态度和科学的方法改善或解决患者孤独感问题,提升治疗效果,帮助患者早日回归社会。     

Moderating effect of psychological resilience on the perceived social support and loneliness in the left-behind elderly in rural areas

Objective: To investigate the loneliness and psychological resilience with the perceived social support of the left-behind elderly in rural areas and explore the moderating effect of psychological resilience on the understanding of social support and loneliness of the left-behind elderly in rural areas.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted; 272 left-behind elderly people in 6 rural villages in the Sichuan Province were investigated by using the General Situation Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA) with a stratified random cluster sampling method.Results: The loneliness score of the left-behind elderly in rural areas was 52.54 ± 7.25, the psychological resilience score was 78 (68.87), and the perceived social support score was 57 (51.62). The perceived social support and psychological resilience were negatively correlated with loneliness, while the perceived social support was positively correlated with psychological resilience. The moderating effect of psychological resilience on the perceived social support and loneliness of the left-behind elderly in rural areas was ?0.102 (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Higher level resilience is of positive significance to alleviate the negative effect of social support on loneliness. Improving the resilience of the left-behind elderly in rural areas is a beneficial exploration to promote their mental health.     

Social support moderates suicidal ideation among Chinese nursing home residents with limited activities of daily living and loneliness

Rare studies are available exploring the impact of limited activities of daily living (ADL), loneliness on suicidal ideation, and protective effect of social support on their relationships in nursing home residents. This study aims to examine these links in a sample of older adults from nursing homes. A stratified random sampling was adopted to recruit 538 respondents from 37 nursing homes in Jinan. Suicidal ideation, limited ADL, social support and loneliness were assessed through instruments of Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, ADL scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale. Relationships of latent variables were tested using Path Analysis in this cross-sectional study. The mediating effect of loneliness was significant on the association between limited ADL and suicidal ideation, and the mediation model was multiply moderated by social support with significant coefficients and acceptable model fitness. This study demonstrated the multiple moderating role of social support in the effect of limited ADL and loneliness on suicidal ideation among nursing home residents. More efforts are suggested in providing more available external resources to seniors' mental health for reducing risk of influencing factors of suicidal ideation.     

精神分裂症患者的社会支持与孤独感

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者的社会支持与孤独感及其相关关系。方法 采用社会支持评价量表 (SSRS)、 UCLA孤独量表 (UCLA)及 Rasch型孤独量表 (Rasch)对 120例精神分裂症患者和 108例正常对照进行评定分析。结果 精神分裂症患者 SSRS因子分及总分均低于正常对照, UCLA及 Rasch评分均高于正常对照, SSRS因子分及总分与 UCLA及 Rasch评分均成显著负相关。 结论 精神分裂症患者的孤独感与社会支持不足有关,提示对于患者的康复要有家庭社会支持及必要的社交技能训练。     

Assessing the loneliness of older people with cerebral palsy

Purpose. To use the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Version 3 to (a) explore and compare the levels of loneliness experienced between two groups of older adults (aged 40 years and over) with cerebral palsy, a group who use natural speech to communicate and a group who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and (b) to test the reliability of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) when used with the older adults with cerebral palsy who use a variety of communication modes.

Method. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) was administered twice to two groups of older participants with cerebral palsy. Group 1 consisted of 11 participants who used natural speech and Group 2 consisted of nine participants who used augmentative and alternative communication systems. The scores from the second assessment were used to calculate test retest reliability.

Results. The mean loneliness scores for the two groups indicated that older people with cerebral palsy experience more loneliness than older adults without disability. There was no significant difference between the scores of Groups 1 and 2. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a reliable tool for use with people who communicate using a variety of communication modes.

Conclusions. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) items are pertinent to participants' perceived satisfaction with the quantity and quality of their relationships with others. Policy makers, service providers and the general community have a responsibility to ensure that older people with cerebral palsy are given the support they need to achieve satisfactory relationships and thus facilitate a good quality of life as they age.     

The Mediating Effect of Pet Attachment Support Between Loneliness and General Health in Older Females Living in the Community

The relationship between loneliness and general health was investigated in 159 older females living in the community. Pet attachment support, a variable tested as a mediator of this relationship, was examined also. Participants completed the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, a Pet Attachment scale, and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule: general health subscale. A negative relationship between loneliness and general health decreased when controlling for pet attachment support as a coping mechanism. The findings from this study support that pet attachment support has a mediating effect on the relationship between loneliness and general health in this sample of older females. Implications for community health nurses and public policy are discussed.     

Assessing the loneliness of older people with cerebral palsy

Purpose. To use the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Version 3 to (a) explore and compare the levels of loneliness experienced between two groups of older adults (aged 40 years and over) with cerebral palsy, a group who use natural speech to communicate and a group who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and (b) to test the reliability of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) when used with the older adults with cerebral palsy who use a variety of communication modes.

Method. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) was administered twice to two groups of older participants with cerebral palsy. Group 1 consisted of 11 participants who used natural speech and Group 2 consisted of nine participants who used augmentative and alternative communication systems. The scores from the second assessment were used to calculate test retest reliability.

Results. The mean loneliness scores for the two groups indicated that older people with cerebral palsy experience more loneliness than older adults without disability. There was no significant difference between the scores of Groups 1 and 2. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a reliable tool for use with people who communicate using a variety of communication modes.

Conclusions. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) items are pertinent to participants' perceived satisfaction with the quantity and quality of their relationships with others. Policy makers, service providers and the general community have a responsibility to ensure that older people with cerebral palsy are given the support they need to achieve satisfactory relationships and thus facilitate a good quality of life as they age.     

The mediating effect of pet attachment support between loneliness and general health in older females living in the community

The relationship between loneliness and general health was investigated in 159 older females living in the community. Pet attachment support, a variable tested as a mediator of this relationship, was examined also. Participants completed the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, a Pet Attachment scale, and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule: general health subscale. A negative relationship between loneliness and general health decreased when controlling for pet attachment support as a coping mechanism. The findings from this study support that pet attachment support has a mediating effect on the relationship between loneliness and general health in this sample of older females. Implications for community health nurses and public policy are discussed.     

社区老年COPD患者自我护理行为现状调查分析

目的探讨社区老年患者自我护理行为现状及影响因素,为制订护理干预措施提供依据。方法采用一般资料调查表和COPD患者自我护理行为量表对385例COPD患者进行问卷调查。结果社区老年COPD患者的自我护理行为总均分为(86.18±5.26)分,满足一般性自理需求维度条目均分为(2.47±0.26)分;满足健康偏离性自理需求维度条目均分为(2.13+0.22)分;文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、居住情况是自我护理行为的主要影响因素。结论社区老年COPD患者自我护理行为处于中等水平,社区护理人员应了解其自我护理行为现状及影响因素并给予相应的干预措施,以提高患者自我护理行为水平。