实验动物皮肤病原真菌核酸鉴定方法的建立

目的选择一种快速、敏感和特异的方法来检测实验动物皮肤病原真菌.方法选取真菌CHS1基因中一段序列设计皮肤真菌通用引物和选取一种随机引物FM1,利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增三种动物皮肤病原真菌标准株：须毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌.结果两种引物扩增产物片段大小在三种真菌之间有明显不同.结论本实验方法可快速特异性检测实验动物皮肤病原真菌.     

大学生足部真菌感染状况调查及病原体的分离鉴定

【目的】 以广西医科大学基础医学院2011级学生为对象,调查这部分人群足部真菌感染状况并分离鉴定病原体,为手足癣真菌病的流行病学研究及开展相关预防措施提供参考。 【方法】 采用自编问卷进行调查,对57份样本,分别进行真菌培养、菌种鉴定,得出样本培养阳性率和真菌镜检阳性率。 【结果】 (1)足部真菌感染患病情况:444例广西医科大学基础医学院2011级学生患有足部真菌感染性疾病者169例,患病率为38.1%。其中男生患病率为43.3%,女生患病率为35.6%,男、女生患病率差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.382,P=0.304)。(2)对足部真菌感染疾病的了解情况:对足部真菌感染疾病十分了解的学生占4.0%,不是十分了解的学生占64.9%,不了解的学生占31.1%;其相应的患病率分别为61.1%、42.4%、26.1%;对足部真菌感染疾病的了解差异与患病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.474,P=0.04)。(3)真菌培养57份标本,共分离出49株真菌,培养阳性率为86.0%,其中男生为90.5%,女生为82.9%,男、女生样本培养阳性率差别无统计学意义(χ²=0.027,P=0.870 )。(4)菌种分布皮肤癣菌11株,占培养阳性率的22.4%(11/49),其中红色毛癣菌占18.2%(2/11),须癣毛癣菌占9.1%(1/11),石膏样小孢子菌占63.6%(7/11);酵母菌20株,占培养阳性的40.8%(20/49),以念珠菌属为主,占80%(16/20);霉菌20株,占培养阳性的40.8%(20/49)。     

小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒RT-PCR方法的建立及初步应用

目的 建立小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒RT-PCR方法并对方法进行初步应用。方法 根据NCBI发表的TMEV GD VII株(GI:62039)基因组序列设计特异引物,建立RT-PCR方法,验证方法的敏感性和特异性;脑腔接种方式感染9只BALB/c小鼠,感染后第6天采集动物的脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、盲肠内容物和血清等样本,用建立的方法进行检测;同时检测100份小鼠盲肠内容物样本,对方法进行初步应用。结果 以GD VII RNA为模板,建立的RT-PCR方法能够扩增出约371bp的单一目的条带,敏感性验证显示能够检测到的最低GD VII cDNA量为0.69pg/μL;以脑心肌炎病毒、淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒、日本乙型脑炎病毒、小鼠诺如病毒及正常小鼠脑组织为对照进行方法特异性验证,均未出现目的条带。脑腔接种感染小鼠,所有小鼠在接种第3天均产生不同程度的精神萎靡后肢麻痹等症状,其中2只小鼠于第5天死亡;采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、盲肠内容物及血清等样本进行检测,所有小鼠的脑组织均检测到GD VII RNA,而其他组织均未检测到;对100份小鼠盲肠内容物进行检测,结果均为阴性。结论 建立的TMEV GDVII株RT-PCR方法能够高效的检测小鼠组织中的病毒感染,可作为实验动物国家标准的有力补充。     

人工饲养树鼩皮肤真菌携带的调查

目的 调查人工饲养条件下树鼩皮肤真菌携带情况,为实验树鼩的微生物质量控制提供依据。方法 刮取79只树鼩皮肤表皮碎屑,包括野生来源的51只和人工繁殖的F1代28只,采用沙氏青霉素瓶斜面法和沙氏平皿培养法分别进行培养,对长出的每株真菌进行取样涂片染色,显微镜镜检观察真菌形态,用酚氯仿法提取真菌DNA,PCR扩增ITS基因,测序后经BLAST进行核酸同源性比对,进一步鉴定分析。结果 野生来源树鼩有9份样长出真菌,F1代有3份样长出真菌菌落,携带率分别15.69%和10.71%。所有真菌DNA最后进行BLAST比对鉴定后发现为7个种属的真菌,但均无致病性。结论 人工饲养的树鼩种群中皮肤真菌携带率较低,并且随繁殖代次增加而下降,未检测到皮肤病原真菌。     

念珠状链杆菌Taqman MGB荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

目的 建立念珠状链杆菌的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法, 实现该菌在多种实验动物中的快速检测。方法 根据NCBI公布的念珠状链杆菌序列, 设计特异性引物和探针, 通过对24株标准参考菌株的扩增, 验证其特异性、敏感性和重复性。运用所建立的方法对小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、地鼠、兔、长爪沙鼠和树鼩的共823份呼吸道样本进行检测。结果 用所建Taqman MGB荧光定量PCR方法在小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、地鼠和兔中未检出念珠状链杆菌;检出普通级长爪沙鼠和树鼩中念珠状链杆菌的阳性率分别为1.5%(1/65)和61.7%(37/60)。结论 本研究所建立的念珠状链杆菌Taqman MGB荧光定量PCR检测方法, 能够对实验动物中念珠状链杆菌进行快速准确的检测, 敏感性优于国标方法, 为实验动物质量检测体系的完善奠定了基础。     

实验动物四种病原体多重PCR方法的建立与应用

目的建立快速检测多杀巴氏杆菌、支气管鲍特杆菌、支原体和肺炎克雷伯杆菌4种实验动物病原体的多重PCR方法。方法根据Gen Bank基因设计出特异性引物;经过多重PCR的优化,特异性和敏感性的检测,建立多重PCR体系。应用该PCR体系检测人工感染样本和实验动物的气管分泌物,并与传统方法做对比。结果多重PCR扩增出多杀巴氏杆菌(356 bp)、支气管鲍特杆菌(237 bp)、支原体(266 bp)和肺炎克雷伯杆菌(142 bp)的目的条带。肺炎克雷伯杆菌敏感性为10 pg,多杀巴氏杆菌、支气管鲍特杆菌、支原体敏感性为1 pg,特异性检测未从其他病原菌中检测出目的条带。应用建立的多重PCR体系检测人工感染样本的不同组合,45只实验动物气管检测出15只多杀巴氏杆菌阳性,9只肺支原体阳性,但传统培养方法和血清学方法未检测出阳性标本。结论本文建立的多重PCR方法操作简单、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,能够实现对多杀巴氏杆菌、支气管鲍特杆菌、支原体和肺炎克雷伯杆菌4种实验动物病原体的快速检测。     

实时荧光定量TaqMan-PCR检测小鼠多瘤病毒方法的建立

目的 建立一种快速、特异、敏感的小鼠多瘤病毒 (murine polyomavirus, MPyV)荧光定量 TaqMan PCR检测方法, 用于MPyV核酸的检测。 方法 根据GenBank中小鼠多瘤病毒基因组序列设计了一对特异性引物及TaqMan探针, 扩增长度为69 bp的片段, 通过优化反应体系和反应条件, 对构建的重组质粒标准品进行检测, 并绘制标准曲线, 进行特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。最后用建立的方法对人工感染MPyV的肺脏、脾脏和粪便, 及86 份小鼠临床样本进行检测, 验证在临床应用中的效果。 结果 所建立的检测方法特异性强, 只能在小鼠多瘤病毒DNA中检出荧光信号, 检测灵敏度达到100拷贝, 批内和批间重复性好, 检测结果变异系数(CV)均小于1.13%, 人工感染MPyV小鼠的肺脏、脾脏和粪便均为阳性, 对86份临床样本进行检测, 有3份样本呈阳性(阳性率为3.5%)。 结论 建立的MPyV荧光定量TaqMan-PCR检测方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好, 适合用于MPyV临床诊断、日常监测和流行病学调查。     

鸡胚致死孤儿病毒和鸡减蛋综合症病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的 建立鸡胚致死孤儿病毒(CELO)和鸡减蛋综合症病毒(EDS)的多重PCR检测方法并进行初步应用.方法 参照GenBank提供的基因序列,设计了2对特异性引物分别扩增CELO长纤突蛋白和EDS六邻体蛋白的基因序列,建立检测CELO和EDS的多重PCR方法,考察该方法的特异性和敏感性,并使用该方法检测流感疫苗主种子批病毒是否存在外源性禽腺病毒的污染.结果 该多重PCR方法成功扩增得到了两条特异性目的条带,并经测序验证.该方法特异性好,灵敏度显示核酸最低检测量可达10^-4μg/mL.使用该方法检测12批次流感疫苗主种子批病毒,外源性禽腺病毒的检测结果均为阴性.结论 成功建立鸡胚致死孤儿病毒和鸡减蛋综合症病毒的多重PCR检测方法,灵敏度高,特异性好.在流感疫苗主种子批病毒的外源性禽腺病毒的检测中具有很高的使用价值和应用前景.     

金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌多重PCR方法的建立与初步应用

目的建立金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌多重PCR检测方法,为实验动物细菌检测提供快速、灵敏、简便的方法。方法根据金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因、绿脓杆菌Las I基因、肺炎克雷伯杆菌Pho E基因和细菌通用16S rRNA基因设计出特异性引物;经过多重PCR引物浓度和退火温度的优化,特异性和敏感性的检测,建立多重PCR体系。应用该PCR体系对人工感染标本、实验动物粪便样本进行验证检测,与传统检测方法对比。结果多重PCR分别扩增出金黄色葡萄球菌(153 bp)、绿脓杆菌(600 bp)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(368 bp)和通用(520 bp)的目的条带。多重敏感性为10 pg,特异性检测未从其他细菌中检测出目的条带。应用建立的多重PCR体系检测出不同组合的人工感染标本,从76只粪便检测出绿脓杆菌阳性1例,与传统检测方法结果一致。结论本文建立的多重PCR方法具有特异、灵敏、简便、快速等优点,为实验动物微生物的快速检测提供了可靠的方法。     

宫颈肿瘤组织高危型HPV新分型方法的建立

【立论依据】 高危型HPV在感染过程中产生的病毒源性癌蛋白E6、E7在宿主细胞中呈过度表达,是致宫颈癌的关键因素。已经证实,病毒基因组整合到宿主染色体是HPV致癌的重要因素。HPV DNA的整合不但改变整合位点及临近宿主基因的表达,而且可使HPV衣壳蛋白基因(L1和L2)片段缺失,这严重限制了目前临床上使用的基于L1基因序列的HPV检测及分型。本研究拟选择宫颈癌组织高表达的E6、E7基因序列,设计特异性探针及引物,优化PCR条件,建立高危型HPV检测到的多重PCR技术,可快速对宫颈癌组织中高危型HPV进行检测和分型。 【设计思路】 设计HPV不同型别E6/E7特异性探针及引物,优化PCR条件,扩增宫颈肿瘤组织标本中高危型HPV E6/E7基因,结合测序,建立高危型HPV检测到的多重PCR技术,对宫颈癌组织高危型HPV进行检测和分型,并与目前临床上广泛使用的检测方法比较,验证该方法的敏感性和特异性。 【实验内容】 收集低度上皮内瘤变(LSIL)、高度上皮内瘤变(HSIL)和宫颈癌组织样本等不同类型的宫颈肿瘤组织标本,抽提DNA;根据高危型HPV早期基因 E6/E7基因序列,在同源性分析的基础上,设计HPV不同型别的E6/E7特异性探针及引物, PCR扩增宫颈肿瘤组织标本DNA,通过基因测序验证PCR扩增的特异性;进一步优化PCR条件,建立高危型HPV检测到的多重PCR技术,检测宫颈肿瘤组织标本中HPV感染及型别,并与目前临床上使用的检测试剂盒比较,分析检测的灵敏性和特异性。 【材料】 LSIL组织样本、HSIL组织样本和宫颈癌组织样本各30例; HPV16+Siha细胞、HPV18+Hela细胞;不同型别HPV的E6/E7特异性探针及引物;高保真PCR酶及反应体系;琼脂糖凝胶电泳及毛细管电泳检测系统等。 【可行性】 本项目立论依据充分,标本来源丰富,前期预实验已运用此方法对高危型HPV16/18完成初步分型。 【创新性】 迄今尚无相关研究报道。本检测方法的建立为我国高危型HPV流行检测及宫颈癌疫苗的推广奠定基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.