肝动脉栓塞化疗术治疗原发性肝癌破裂出血的疗效

原发性肝癌是临床上最为常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,由于其起病隐匿,没有特征性的临床表现,肿瘤的早期难以得到诊断,大多数患者在肿瘤的中晚期才获得确诊[1].晚期的原发性肝癌常常伴有身体其他地方的转移,其中肿瘤自发性破裂出血是原发性肝癌的并发症之一,常发生于老年原发性肝癌患者[2].肿瘤的自发性破裂出血给患者带来巨大痛苦的同时,可以因为急性失血而出现休克甚至死亡.本文观察肝动脉栓塞化疗术治疗原发性肝癌破裂出血的临床疗效.     

120例原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术疗效观察

我院自1990年12月～2 0 0 3年5月对12 0例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)介入治疗,现报道如下。资料与方法一、临床资料选择12 0例经B超、CT或肝细胞活检确诊的原发性肝癌患者,男94例,女2 6例,年龄17～78岁,平均49.3岁。肝功能按Child Pugh分级,A级78例,B级2 4例,C级18例。HBsAg阳性97例,甲胎蛋白(AFP) >2 0 0 0 μg/L 14例,>40 0 μg/L 66例,持续低水平阳性2 1例,阴性19例。肿瘤为块状型65例,结节型3 7例,弥漫型18例,肿瘤为2 .5cm×3 .0cm～12 .5cm×16.8cm。合并门脉癌栓13例,均无远处器官转移。按1997年全国肝癌会议拟…     

120例原发性肝癌的肝动脉化疗栓塞术疗效观察

目的 观察中晚期原发性肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗的疗效。方法自1990-2003年共有120例中晚期肝癌患者，接受TACE介入治疗，评估和随访治疗前后的疗效。结果经过治疗，79．2％(95／120)的患者临床症状缓解；88．3％(55／120)肿块缩小；78．2％(79／101)AFP明显下降；生存期延长，1、2、3年生存率分别为80．8％(87／120)、48．3％(58／120)和1130％(36／120)。结论TACE治疗是中晚期肝癌的有效手段，使不能手术切除的肝癌成为适应手术治疗，延长了患者的生命，提高了生活质量。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌后的临床疗效调查

目的评价肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌后的临床疗效。方法选取安徽省立医院2000年～2005年经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗的原发性肝癌患者168例,采用自身前后对照的方法,通过观察手术前后各项生化指标和血常规的变化,评价TACE的治疗效果。结果经统计学配对t检验分析,可观察到手术后诸项生化指标及血常规得到显著改善,总胆红素明显下降,总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比明显改善,总胆固醇(Ach)及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)均明显上升(P<0.05)。结论原发性肝癌患者经TACE治疗后,各项生化指标和血常规得到明显改善,肝细胞功能恢复,治疗效果明显。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌56例

2005年2月-2006年2月,我院采用经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌56例,取得满意疗效。现报告如下。     

肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效分析

目的 探讨肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法 2011年2月~2013年2月我院收治的原发性肝癌患者103例,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组51例,行肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术,对照组52例仅行肝动脉插管栓塞术,比较两组临床疗效及安全性。结果 观察组近期部分缓解率、稳定率和进展率分别为78.4%、19.6%和1.9%,对照组则分别为59.6%、32.7%和7.7%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组不良反应主要有恶心呕吐、发热、腹痛、黄疸、腹水以及肝功能损害;观察组和对照组1 a年生存率分别为94.1%和82.7%,差异无统计学意义（P=0.07）,观察组2 a和3 a年生存率分别为82.4%和45.1%,均高于对照组的55.8%和19.2%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 应用肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效好,不良反应少,能有效延长患者生存期。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝癌的临床观察

目的了解肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝癌的效果。方法经肝动脉造影(DSA)明确肿瘤供血动脉,再行TACE。对患者术前、术后临床表现、肝功能、AFP进行比较,随访生存时间。结果TACE治疗后患者症状、体征明显改善,AFP下降者127例,恢复正常者61例,无变化28例。1年生存期79.4%、2年51.8%、3年41.3%、4年以上21.2%。结论TACE操作简便,并发症少,可重复进行,可明显提高肝癌患者的生活质量,延长生存期。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌

目的分析肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法原发性肝癌的患者60例,随机分为对照组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术)30例,病例组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术)30例,对比研究两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果病例组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者第1年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组第2、3、5年生存率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌具有较好的临床疗效,能提高患者远期生存率,安全性与单一行肝动脉化疗栓塞术无显著性差异。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合索拉非尼治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效与生存分析

目的 探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合索拉非尼治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的近期疗效和2 a生存情况。方法 2008年1月至2013年12月收治的PLC患者76例,排除远处转移患者。所有患者接受TACE治疗1～3次,44例同时接受索拉非尼治疗。按照2000年世界卫生组织制定的实体瘤治疗疗效评价标准（RECIST）考核疗效,应用Kaplan-Meier 法计算生存率。结果 在完成TACE治疗6月后,在44例接受索拉非尼治疗的患者中,死亡2例,在32例只接受TACE治疗的患者中,死亡3例。在生存的接受联合索拉非尼治疗的42例患者中,完全缓解、部分缓解、疾病稳定和疾病进展率分别为38.1%、50.0%、4.8%和7.1%,而在只接受TACE治疗的29例生存者中,则分别为27.6%、41.4%、13.8%和17.2%,两组差异显著（P<0.05）;联合组1 a和2 a生存率分别为68.2%和43.2%,而只接受TACE治疗组则分别为50.0%和31.3%,两组差异显著（P<0.05）。结论 对于未手术切除的肝癌患者,在进行TACE治疗的同时或以后给予索拉非尼维持治疗可以提高疗效,延长生存期。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合阿德福韦酯治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨经皮肝动脉栓塞化疗术(TACE)联合阿德福韦酯治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效.方法 将106例原发性肝癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各53例,两组均采用Seldinger技术行TACE治疗,予以肝动脉化疗和碘油栓塞;在此基础上,观察组同时口服阿德福韦酯10 mg、1次/d.治疗前后两组均行甲胎蛋白(AFP)检测及影像学检查,观察肿瘤变化、碘油沉积情况及其充填面积占肿瘤总面积的百分率;并观察记录两组临床疗效.结果 与治疗前及对照组比较,观察组的AFP降低(P＜0.05);总有效率(75.48％)显著高于对照组(60.38％)(P＜0.05).观察组1、2、5年生存率分别为90.57％、75.47％和54.72％;对照组分别为83.02％、54.72％和37.74％,两组比较P均＜0.05.结论 TACE联合阿德福韦酯治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效明显优于单纯行TACE治疗者.     

CT引导经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌

目的探讨CT引导经导管动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arerial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）的初步疗效,分析局部复发的危险因素。方法对32例患者的34个HCC病灶进行了CT引导TACE治疗。结果32例中26例实现局部控制,6例出现局部复发。采用Logistic回归分析发现,TACE治疗后中央型HCC病灶是局部复发的危险因素（P=0．0408）。结论CT引导TACE是治疗小HCC的好方法,其局部控制率高、复发率低。中央型HCC是TACE术后局部复发的危险因素。     

Biliary phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma after preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Background and Aim: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is now the mainstay of treatment for non‐curative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hoped to have chemotherapeutic and ischemic effects; however, the histopathological changes of HCC caused by TACE have not been sufficiently discussed so far. We aimed to assess the morphological and immunohistochemical features of HCC treated with TACE by immunostaining cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK14, CK19 and vimentin, and to correlate these data with observed clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: Eighty cases of surgically resected HCC with preoperative TACE and 146 cases of HCC resected without TACE as a control were analyzed. Results: The incidences of intrahepatic metastasis, poorly differentiated histology, multinucleated giant cells, mitotic figures and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the TACE group were significantly higher than those in the non‐TACE group. The TACE group showed reactivity for CK7 in 56.3% (45/80) of patients, CK14 in 12.5% (10/80), CK19 in 23.8% (19/80) and vimentin in 6.3% (5/80) of patients. CK19 expression in the TACE group was significantly higher than in the non‐TACE group (P = 0.0423). There was no correlation between immunoreactivity and the number of times TACE was carried out, but the expression of CK19 and vimentin in the massive necrotic group was higher than that in the mild necrotic group (P = 0.0197, P = 0.0229, respectively). Only TACE was an independent determinant of CK19 expression in all cases by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest that preoperative TACE may have an impact on the biliary phenotype of HCC. Some post‐therapeutic HCC patients might develop HCC with a biliary phenotype indicating more aggressive malignancies.     

Multidetector-row computed tomography in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

With the introduction of spiral computed tomography and the development of novel imaging technology in recent years, multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has increasingly been used for the diagnosis of various lesions, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), due to its volume acquisitions, short scanning time, and especially its double-phase scanning nature, which takes advantage of the dual blood supply of liver. Multidetector-row computed tomography is used to classify HCC into several types based on the blood supply and the histological characteristics of HCC. The evaluation of HCC by MDCT provides crucial clues for the doctors to adopt correct clinical management strategies such as the selection of the appropriate dose of lipiodol before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the prediction of the prognosis of HCC after TACE. The MDCT scanning allows doctors to choose the region of interest and to evaluate the blood supply according to the lipiodol uptake in order to decide whether there is recrudescence and whether a repeated therapy should be taken. This review describes MDCT, its biphasic scanning, its evaluation of blood supply in HCC and the subsequent classification of HCC, its therapeutic significance before TACE and the prognostic value after TACE.     

The radiological prognostic factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization to hepatocellular carcinoma

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the recommended treatment modality for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to determine the HCC radiological characteristics associated with prognosis of patients with intermediate stage HCC receiving TACE. Patients with HCC BCLC stage B from January 2005 to December 2009 were collected. According to mRECIST criteria, patients with complete response and partial response were assigned to the objective response (OR) group, while those with stable disease and progressive disease were assigned to the nonobjective response (non-OR) group. Among a total of 128 enrolled patients, there were 66 (51.6%) and 62 (48.4%) patients in the OR group and non-OR group, respectively. The clinical parameters in the two groups were similar, although HCC size was smaller in the OR group. Logistic analysis found combined radiological characteristics including complete lipiodol retention, tumor feeding artery blockage, and no residual tumor blush were significant correlated with achievement of OR (odds ratio 2.46, 95% CI 1.08–5.61, P = .032). However, no radiological characteristics had significant strength to predict overall survival. Patients with OR after TACE had significantly longer survival time than those with non-OR. Combined characteristics of complete lipiodol retention, tumor feeding artery blockage, and no residual tumor blush had a positive impact on OR in TACE. In patients receiving TACE, those who achieved OR had a better overall survival.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with or without sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and TACE in combination with sorafenib (TACE-sorafenib) have shown a significant survival benefit for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adopting either as a first-line therapy carries major cost and resource implications. The objective of this study was to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of TACE against TACE-sorafenib for unresectable HCC using a decision analytic model. METHODS: A Markov cohort model was developed to com-pare TACE and TACE-sorafenib. Transition probabilities and utilities were obtained from systematic literature reviews, and costs were obtained from West China Hospital, Sichuan Uni-versity, China. Survival benefits were reported in quality-ad-justed life-years (QALYs). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Sensitive analysis was performed by varying potentially modifiable parameters of the model. RESULTS: The base-case analysis showed that TACE cost $26951 and yielded survival of 0.71 QALYs, and TACE-sorafenib cost$44542 and yielded survival of 1.02 QALYs in the entire treat-ment. The ICER of TACE-sorafenib versus TACE was $56745 per QALY gained, which was above threshold for cost-effectiveness in China. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the major driver of ICER was the cost post TACE-sorafenib therapy with stable state. CONCLUSION: TACE is a more cost-effective strategy than TACE-sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable HCC.     

Balloon-occluded transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) is widely accepted as a treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the intermediate stage according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) guidelines. Recently, balloon-occluded TACE(B-TACE) was developed in Japan. Despite the lack of a clear definition, B-TACE is generally defined as the infusion of emulsion of chemotherapeutic agents with lipiodol followed by gelatin particles under the occlusion of feeding arteries by a microballoon catheter, which leads to the dense lipiodol emulsion(LE) accumulation in HCC nodules. This phenomenon cannot be explained only by the prevention of proximal migration and leakage of embolization materials; it further involves causing local changes in the hemodynamics of the surrounding occlusion artery and targeted HCC nodules. Balloon-occluded arterial stump pressure plays an important role in the dense LE accumulation in targeted HCC nodules. Although randomized controlled trials comparing the therapeutic effect and the prognosis of B-TACE to those of the other TACE procedures, such as conventional-TACE and drug-eluting beads TACE, are still lacking, B-TACE is thought to be a promising treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanism, therapeutic effect, indication, prognosis and complications of BTACE.     

Prognostic factors and predictors of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization benefit in patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) has improved overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).However,the prognostic and predictive factors remain unclear.AIM To assess the prognostic factors and the predictors of PA-TACE benefit for OS in patients with resected HCC.METHODS Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the potential prognostic factors for OS.In order to assess the predictive factors of PA-TACE benefit,the interaction variables between treatments for each subgroup were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.RESULTS A total of 378 patients (PA-TACE vs surgery alone,189:189) from three centerswere included after a propensity-score 1:1 matching analysis.Compared to the group receiving surgery alone,PA-TACE prolonged the OS rate in patients with resected HCC (P 0.001).The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system and ferritinto-hemoglobin ratio (FHR) were used as the prognostic factors for OS in both groups.Age (P=0.023) and microscopic vascular invasion (MVI)(P=0.002) were also identified in the PA-TACE group,while gender (P=0.027),hepatitis B virus(P=0.034) and albumin-bilirubin grade (P=0.027) were also selected in the surgery alone group.In addition,PA-TACE resulted in longer OS than surgery alone across subgroups [all hazard ratios (PA-TACE-to-surgery alone)1].Notably,a significantly prolonged OS following PA-TACE was observed in patients with high FHR (P=0.038) and without MVI (P=0.048).CONCLUSION FHR and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages were regarded as prognostic factors for OS.Moreover,high FHR and the absence of MVI were important predictive factors,which can be used to assist clinicians in selecting which patients could achieve a better OS with PA-TACE.     

Fever after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence and risk factor analysis

Objective. Post-treatment fever frequently occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), but its incidence and clinical significance are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors for fever after TACE in HCC patients. Material and methods. Forty-one consecutive HCC patients undergoing 73 sessions of TACE were included in the study. The incidence and possible risk factors associated with post-TACE fever were analyzed. Results. Forty-nine (67%) episodes of fever developed in 30 (73%) HCC patients after TACE, but none of the patients developed bacterial infection after TACE. Patients who developed fever were of younger age, had larger tumors, a higher dose of chemoembolization agents and a higher embolized volume compared with those without fever. Multivariate logistic regression disclosed that a dosage of doxorubicin plus iodized oil >23 during chemoembolization and tumor size >3 cm were significant predictors associated with the development of post-TACE fever (odds ratio: 3.749, 95% CI: 1.188–11.830, p=0.024 and odds ratio: 3.599, 95% CI: 1.107–11.706, p=0.033, respectively). Conclusions. Fever after TACE is common, but infectious complications are rare. Chemoembolization dosage and tumor size are predictive of fever after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and may be of help in the prevention and care of this distressing complication.