定量聚合酶链反应检测血清中HCV RNA^＋

目的：探讨定量聚合酶链反应用于检测丙型肝炎病毒HCV含量变化的意义。方法：用信号引物能量转移定量聚合酶链反应（PCR），检测68例丙型肝炎患者血清HCVRNA水平。结果：其HCVRNA含量范围103～1011拷贝／ml，急性丙肝106.83±3.72拷贝／ml，慢性丙肝106.54±2.67拷贝／ml，而无症状携带者104.95±2.16拷贝／ml。血清HCVRNA水平同ALT水平呈相关。结论：丙肝病毒感染后HCV复制水平与肝损害相关，定量检测HCVRNA的水平变化是预测和评价干扰素疗效的重要指标。     

血清中不同基因型丙型肝炎病毒RNA含量的测定

目的了解血清中不同基因型丙型肝炎病毒HCVRNA的含量。方法用实时荧光定量RTPCR和逆转录型特异性引物PCR同时检测21例费城酒精依赖丙肝患者的血清HCVRNA拷贝数并分析HCV基因型。结果21份血清标本中,有17份为HCVRNA阳性。这些阳性血清的HCVRNA含量波动范围在104.60～106.20拷贝/ml。检测到1a和1b两种HCV基因型,其中1a型7例,RNA平均滴度为105.28±0.75拷贝/ml,1b型(9例)RNA平均滴度为105.28±0.28拷贝/ml。结论定性和定量检测结果有极佳的一致性,酒精依赖丙肝基因型1a和1b血清中HCV含量无显著性差异。     

献血者血清抗-HCV阳性与ALT活性的关系

目的 分析献血者血清抗-HCV抗体及丙型肝炎病毒核酸（HCVRNA）含量与ALT的关系。方法 采用ELISA法检测抗-HCV抗体。阳性标本用荧光PCR试剂盒测定HCVRNA，分析ALT活性与HCVRNA水平的关系。结果 83份抗-HCV抗体阳性标本经PCR检测后有37份标本含HCVRNA，HCVRNA拷贝量与ALT活性呈正相关，且标本的HCVRNA含量越多，ALT活性也越高（P〈0．01）。结论 献血者中筛查ALT并结合PCR技术，能减少HCV经血传播的危险。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者血清抗-HCV及HCVRNA水平与病情的关系研究

目的 探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者血清抗-HCV水平和HCVRNA含量与病情的关系。方法 应用微粒子发光法检测抗-HCV水平，应用荧光定量PCR技术检测HCVRNA含量，并与病情进行相关性分析。结果 血清抗-HCV水平〉100 S／CO时，HCVRNA含量较高，且大多数患者血清ALT升高；当HCVRNA含量较高时，抗-HCV水平及ALT同步异常。结论 HCVRNA含量与抗-HCV水平在一定程度上均能反映HCV的复制情况，且与病情密切相关，应同步检测。     

丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6和IL-12水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨丙型肝炎患者血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-12（IL-12）水平分别与丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCVRNA）含量和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平的相关性及其临床意义。方法应用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（FQ-RT-PCR）测定100例丙型肝炎患者血清中HCV RNA含量，再采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和酶法分别检测患者血清IL-6、IL-12和ALT水平，并与100例健康者比较。结果丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6、IL-12水平显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．01），且与血清ALT水平呈明显正相关。免疫治疗完全应答组血清IL-6、IL-12水平与其HCVRNA含量呈正相关，而与免疫治疗无应答组IL-6和IL-12水平差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。结论检测丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6和IL-12水平可反应机体的免疫功能状态及肝功能的损害程度，对预测患者的预后有一定的作用。     

检测丙型肝炎患者治疗前后血清HCV RNA含量和ALT水平的应用价值

目的探讨丙型肝炎患者血清丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCVRNA)含量和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平与干扰素治疗效果的关系。方法应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ—PCR)测定HCV RNA的含量,速率法测定血清ALT水平,测定了16例丙型肝炎患者α-干扰素治疗前和治疗三个月、治疗六个月的HCV RNA含量和ALT水平。结果16例丙型肝炎患者经治疗三个月和六个月HCVRNA含量和ALT水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。经六个月治疗有11例患者(68.8%)HCVRNA含量很低或为零,ALT正常,视为干扰素完全反应者;另外5例为部分及无效反应者。结论FQ—PCR定量准确,用其测定血清HCVRNA含量合并血清ALT水平一起作为丙型肝炎疗效观察指标,对临床制定合理的治疗方案有重要意义。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA定量检测与抗-HCV及ALT的关系

目的了解丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCV RNA）定量与丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）的关系。方法用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶反应（FQ—RT—PCR）检测239例抗-HCV阳性者的HCVRNA定量，同时检测ALT水平。结果239例中，150例（62．8％）HCV RNA定量高于80拷贝／ml；133例ALT异常，其异常率随HCV RNA定量的升高而增加。ALT异常例数与正常例数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），ALT水平与HCVRNA定量无相关性（r=0．524，P〉0．05），而ALT异常率与HCV RNA定量呈正相关（r=0．955，P〈0．05）。结论HCV RNA是反映HCV复制的可靠指标，结合ALT结果可帮助了解HCV在体内复制状况。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA与血清标志物的关系

目的 :探讨血清HCVRNA含量与丙氨酸氨基转氨酶 (ALT)、HCV抗体的关系。方法 :采用荧光定量 聚合酶链反应 (FQ PCR)检测 75例HCV抗体复检阳性无偿献血者、9例丙型肝炎患者的HCVRNA含量 ,并与HCV抗体、ALT的检测结果比较。结果 :75例献血者中 ,HCV抗体 (+ )、ALT(-)组HCVRNA阳性率高于HCV抗体 (+ )、ALT(-)组。在 9例丙型肝炎患者中 ,ALT与HCVRNA含量呈正相关 ,且相关性显著 (r =0 72 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在HCV感染的人群中 ,ALT的高低可间接反应HCV在体内的状态 ,这对安全输血和诊断有重要意义     

HCV无症状感染者外周血中病毒载量的检测分析

目的　了解丙型肝炎病毒(HepatitisCvirus, HCV) 无症状感染者病毒载量分布以及与ALT水平的相关性。方法　采用荧光定量PCR检测80例HCV无症状感染者外周血中HCVRNA, 同时进行重组免疫印迹试验和血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT) 水平测定。结果　80例HCV无症状感染者外周血HCVRNA含量在102 1 ~105 8拷贝/ml, 其中82.5% (66 /80) 在104 0 ~105 8拷贝/ml。RIBA不同反应组HCVRNA含量间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05), ALT异常升高组HCVRNA含量与ALT正常组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论　HCV无症状感染者病毒载量处于相对低水平, 病毒载量与RIBA抗体反应模式和ALT水平的关系有待进一步研究。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者血清HCV RNA、脂联素水平与AST/ALT比值的相关性

目的探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者血清HCV RNA、脂联素水平与AST/ALT比值的关系,评价HCV RNA、脂联素和AST/ALT比值水平在判断丙肝患者预后方面的价值。方法采用荧光PCR试剂盒测定HCV RNA,ELISA法检测脂联素,全自动生化分析仪检测AST和ALT。结果与正常对照组相比,慢性HCV患者组血清HCV RNA和AST/ALT比值水平明显增高（P〈0.05）,而脂联素水平则降低（P〈0.05）;HCV RNA病毒含量与AST/ALT比值呈正相关（r=0.535,P〈0.01）,HCV RNA病毒含量与脂联素水平呈负相关（r=-0.483,P〈0.05）,AST/ALT比值与脂联素水平呈负相关（r=-0.426,P〈0.05）。结论联合检测血清HCV RNA、脂联素水平和AST/ALT比值的水平,对慢性丙型肝炎的疗效观察及预后估计有重要的临床价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.