兔VX2肝癌射频消融后CT与病理对照分析

射频消融(RFA)作为肝癌局部治疗的常用方法,已取得了显著疗效[1-3].影像检查作为随访判断肝癌RFA后疗效的常用手段之一,对于肿瘤的残存和复发、肿瘤浸润的早期发现具有非常重要的作用.笔者旨在通过对兔VX2肝癌RFA后病灶的CT影像和病理的对照分析,以早期鉴别肿瘤残存与术后炎性反应.     

肝细胞癌射频消融术后疗效的CT及MRI评价研究现状

射频消融（RFA）是一种使肿瘤组织发生凝固性坏死的治疗手段。肝细胞癌RFA术后可能具有完全消融、肿瘤残余、局部肿瘤进展及新发肿瘤等不同的治疗效果。CT、MRI及功能MRI是评价肝细胞癌RFA术后疗效重要的影像学手段。正确认识肝细胞癌RFA术后不同疗效的影像学表现,对于及时、准确地发现术后肿瘤残余、局部肿瘤进展及新发肿瘤尤为重要。针对CT、MRI及功能MRI在肝细胞癌RFA术后疗效评价方面的应用研究进展予以综述。     

射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的应用

以超声、CT等为主要引导方式的经皮射频消融(RFA)等局部热消融技术在肝癌治疗中发挥了重要的作用.然而,对血供丰富的较大肝癌疗效受限.经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)可有效减少肝癌的血供,并具有创伤小,适应证广,并发症少等特点,成为肝癌患者姑息治疗及术前、术后新辅助治疗的有效手段之一.因此,富血供肝肿瘤RFA治疗前应用TACE,通过栓塞肿瘤供血动脉造成肿瘤缺血,进而减少血流带走热量,可扩大消融范围提高RFA疗效,是肝癌RFA联合治疗常用的方法.本文针对RFA联合TACE治疗肝癌的应用现状及疗效进行综述.     

三维融合重建技术在肝细胞癌射频消融术后疗效评估中的应用

射频消融术(RFA)是治疗原发性小肝癌最有效的方法之一。随着医学影像学三维融合重建技术的兴起,其在肝癌RFA术后疗效评估中的作用越来越重要。应用三维融合重建技术对RFA术后进行监测,可更准确地发现残留及复发病灶,进行合理有效的诊治,以提高患者生存率。本文就三维融合重建技术在肝癌RFA术后疗效评估中的应用进展进行综述。     

超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的评价B超引导下冷循环射频肿瘤治疗仪射频消融(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效及并发症。方法采用超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌25例,其中转移性肝癌8例,原发性肝癌17例。每个病灶进行RFA1～2次。其中8例患者术前给予3次TACE治疗。术后通过增强CT扫描评价疗效。结果10个病灶完全坏死,余15个病灶大部分坏死。随访半年,25例患者现全部存活且生存质量明显提高。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌短期效果满意,值得推广。     

原发性肝癌射频消融术后疗效的影像学评价

射频消融术(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)是原发性肝癌最有潜力的微创治疗方法之一。肝癌RFA后疗效的评价对进一步治疗措施的制订至关重要,而影像学是最有价值的评价方法。而超声是最简便易行的检查方式,随着超声造影的发展,其价值也显著提高;MSCT增强扫描以其扫描速度快、准确率高的优势成为最常用的检查方法;MRI具有很高的软组织分辨力,对治疗后肿瘤残留及复发的敏感性更高;PET-CT是目前肝癌RFA后疗效最新评价手段,有关方法的研究将会成为该领域的研究热点。DSA检查是RFA后评价的金标准,虽然其敏感度和准确性更高,但属于有创性检查,不适合常规随访。     

无水酒精注射术联合射频消融术与单纯射频消融术治疗小肝癌的疗效比较

目的比较无水酒精注射术（PEI）联合射频消融术（RFA）治疗方案与单纯RFA治疗小肝癌的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2006年1月～2008年1月进行的68例小肝癌射频消融治疗患者的临床资料。68例中37例行PEI联合RFA术,31例行单纯RFA术。比较两组肿瘤完全消融率,复发率,复发时间,术后1、2、3年生存率等情况。结果 PEI联合RFA组肿瘤完全消融率91.89%,局部复发率10.81%,局部复发时间（14.22±3.48）月,1、2、3年的生存率分别为89.19%、81.08%和72.97%。单纯RFA组肿瘤完全消融率70.97%,局部复发率32.26%,局部复发时间（9.15±2.68）月,1、2、3年的生存率87.10%、77.42%和48.39%。PEI联合RFA组在肿瘤完全消融率、局部复发率、复发时间、术后3年生存率方面好于单纯RFA组。结论 PEI联合RFA治疗小肝癌疗效优于单纯RFA治疗,在小肝癌的治疗中有重要临床应用价值。     

经皮射频消融治疗巨大肝癌

目的总结冷循环射频消融(RFA)治疗巨大肝癌的临床疗效和经验。方法采用CT引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗巨大肝癌24例,每个病灶进行射频消融1～4次,其中22例患者结合1～6次TACE治疗,术后通过增强CT或MR评价疗效,所有病例随访12～37个月。结果10例病灶完全坏死,余14例病灶大部分坏死,1年生存率83%,中位生存时间20个月,13例患者现仍存活。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗巨大肝癌安全、有效。     

射频消融治疗原发性与继发性肝癌的临床疗效分析

随着微创治疗观念及技术的不断进步,射频消融（RFA）、微波固化、激光治疗等微创治疗方式在肝癌治疗中的作用日益重要,尤其是RFA,已引起临床高度重视。本文回顾性分析我院近年应用RFA治疗肝癌的临床病例,旨在探讨其治疗原发性与继发性肝癌的临床疗效,现报告如下。     

功能MRI评价肝癌微创治疗疗效的研究进展

原发性肝细胞癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前经导管肝动脉化学栓塞(TACE)、射频消融术(RFA)及高能聚焦超声(HIFU)等非手术微创治疗已成为外科手术之外治疗肝癌的首选方法。但由于治疗方法的局限性,术后常出现肿瘤病灶的残存或复发,因此准确评价术后疗效非常重要。近年扩散加权成像(DWI)、灌注成像(PWI)、磁共振波谱(MRS)在对肝癌的早期诊断及术后评价中发挥了重要作用。     

Stereotaxy: Breaking the limits of current radiofrequency ablation techniques

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) allows for local curative tumor treatment by inducing coagulation necrosis with high-frequency alternating current. However, the tumor size is the major limiting factor due to a mismatch of the tumor volume and the induced necrotic zone. RFA probes have to be optimally distributed in and around the tumor in order to produce overlapping ablation zones. Due to different guidance and ablation strategies the result is strongly operator dependent and there is a lack of reliability. These challenges can be managed by 3D-planning using a frameless stereotactic navigation system, allowing for the simultaneous display of multiple trajectories. The spatial information gained from 3D imaging is available in coordinates and thus forms an accurate input for performing the intervention. Stereotaxy enables highly accurate probe positioning. Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) may substantially improve the safety and efficacy in clinical practice, especially in the treatment of large and irregularly shaped tumors. The proposed methods may also be used for similar percutaneous local tumor treatments.     

不同MR成像方式对肝细胞癌射频消融术后的评估

以射频消融为主的肝细胞癌消融治疗已经广泛应用于临床,但治疗后肿瘤残存和复发是影响疗效的主要问题,所以消融后的评估显得尤为重要.MRI具有多参数、多序列、任意平面成像及多种功能成像方式,使其对肿瘤消融术后的评估更具优势.因此,本文就MRI常规平扫、MRI增强、DWI、DKI、PWI及MRS在肝细胞癌射频消融术后评估中的应...     

射频热凝消融术联合针刺治疗颈源性头痛的疗效观察

目的：观察射频热凝消融术联合针刺治疗颈源性头痛的临床疗效。方法将58例颈源性头痛患者随机分为治疗组30例,对照组28例;其中治疗组采用射频热凝消融术联合针刺治疗,对照组采用针刺联合中频脉冲电刺激、颈椎牵引治疗,随访半年并对其疗效进行分析。结果治疗后两组头痛症状均明显改善,其中治疗组显效率为76.67%,总有效率为96.67%,对照组显效率为39.28%,总有效率为78.57.%;经统计学处理,两组疗效差异比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论射频热凝消融术联合针刺治疗颈源性头痛疗效优于一般综合康复治疗,值得临床推广和应用。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma

Conventional curative therapy for renal cell carcinoma has been open nephrectomy. However, several less invasive and/or nephron-sparing procedures have been developed as alternatives in selected patients. The newest of these therapeutic modalities involves percutaneous image-guided ablation with straight or expandable needle applicators that deposit energy. Radiofrequency ablation is the modality for which there is the largest reported experience with percutaneous application, and involves the use of electrical current to generate frictional heating of tissue. Animal studies confirm the ability of radiofrequency ablation to cause regions of necrosis within normal kidney and in VX2 tumors. Clinically, radiofrequency ablation of small renal cell carcinoma is increasingly being performed in selected patients who are not ideal surgical candidates. Results are excellent for small exophytic tumors, but successful treatment is less likely as tumor size increases or the location becomes more central. Complete treatment of most tumors requires one or more overlapping ablations with the needle electrodes positioned so as to cause necrosis in the entire volume of tumor. The number of overlapping ablations and the position of the needle electrodes vary based on tumor size and geometry. For very large tumors, pre-ablation catheter embolization may enhance the results of ablation by decreasing blood flow and perfusion mediated cooling. Following ablation, imaging with CT or MR is performed to assess the result and to diagnose any residual tumor so that it can be treated. Because the tumor remains in situ, imaging follow-up continues indefinitely. The complication rate of radiofrequency ablation is favorable when compared to surgical techniques. Long-term survival data are not yet available.     

Assessment of cerebral microembolism during percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors using diffusion-weighted imaging

OBJECTIVE: It is well known that radiofrequency ablation generates microbubbles in the liver. We hypothesized that microbubbles generated during percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors flow into the pulmonary veins and are distributed to the systemic arteries, as with radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. To assess the risk of cerebral infarction during radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors, we performed diffusion-weighted imaging and, if possible, monitored microemboli in the carotid artery during radiofrequency ablation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 20 patients (19 men and one woman) who underwent radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors. Pre- and postoperative MRI examinations were performed in all 20 patients, and during 17 radiofrequency ablation sessions, sonography was used to monitor whether microemboli were generated. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation was technically feasible for the treatment of selected pulmonary tumors. Microemboli, which were believed to represent microbubbles, were seen on sonography during three of the 17 radiofrequency ablation sessions. They were rarely observed when a lung tumor was small, the treatment session was brief, and the radiofrequency emission power was low. No new area of abnormal intensity was seen on postoperative MRI in all 20 patients. Although the microemboli were observed, MRI could not confirm infarction. CONCLUSION: We concluded that cerebral infarction as a result of microbubbles generated during radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors has a low possibility of becoming a clinical problem.     

Image-guided radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma is rising with the increased number of incidental detection of small tumours. During the past few years, percutaneous imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation has evolved as a minimally invasive treatment of small unresectable renal tumours offering reduced patient morbidity and overall health care costs. In radiofrequency ablation, thermal energy is deposited into a targeted tumour by means of a radiofrequency applicator. In recent studies, radiofrequency ablation was shown to be an effective and safe modality for local destruction of renal cell carcinoma. Radiofrequency applicator navigation can be performed via ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance guidance; however, ultrasound seems less favourable because of the absence of monitoring capabilities during ablation. On-line monitoring of treatment outcome can only be performed with magnetic resonance imaging giving the possibility of eventual applicator repositioning to ablate visible residual tumour tissue. Long-term follow-up is crucial to assess completeness of tumour ablation. New developments in ablation technology and radiological equipment will further increase the indication field for radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma. Altogether, radiofrequency ablation seems to be a promising new modality for the minimally invasive treatment of renal cell carcinoma, which was demonstrated to exhibit high short-term effectiveness.     

Radiofrequency ablation of 100 hepatic metastases with a mean follow-up of more than 1 year

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases performed either percutaneously for treatment of hepatic metastases in patients deemed ineligible for surgery or intraoperatively during partial hepatectomy to destroy unresectable metastases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with 121 hepatic metastases (<5 metastases per patient) that were mainly colorectal in origin underwent 76 sessions of radiofrequency ablation with cooled-needle electrodes under sonographic guidance. Twenty-one patients with 33 metastases of 5-20 mm in diameter (mean +/- SD,13 +/- 7 mm) underwent intraoperative radiofrequency ablation. Forty-seven patients with 88 metastases of 10 to 42 mm in diameter (mean +/- SD, 26 +/- 9 mm) were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Procedure efficacy was evaluated with dynamic enhanced CT and MR imaging performed 2, 4, and 6 months after treatment and then every 3 months. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation allowed eradication of 91% of the 100 treated metastases that were followed up for 4-23 months (mean, 13.7 months). Tumor control was equivalent for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (90%) and for intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (94%). Failure to achieve tumor control occurred mostly with the largest tumor nodules. One bilioperitoneum and two abscesses were the major complications encountered after treatment of 121 metastases with a follow-up of more than 2 months. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation appears to be a promising therapeutic modality capable of extending the possibilities of partial hepatectomy and of efficiently treating small metastases percutaneously.     

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors

This article aims to review the state of the art in ablation techniques for hepatic lesions. In addition to discussing the indications, outcomes, and potential complications of the technique, we illustrate the spectrum of imaging findings after treatment. Recent years have seen the development of a wide variety of minimally invasive techniques to treat liver cancer. These include ethanol injection, and thermal ablation using radiofrequency, laser, microwaves, or cryosurgery. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is one of the most promising non-surgical treatments for hepatic neoplasms. The results of several studies show that radiofrequency ablation enables adequate local control of tumors with few complications, achieving acceptable survival rates. Radiofrequency ablation can be performed using any imaging technique, although it is most commonly performed under ultrasound guidance. CT and MRI show the degree of tumor necrosis better and are more frequently employed in follow up. This article reviews the indications and contraindications for the procedure, potential complications, long-term outcome, and imaging findings for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors.     

鼻内镜下等离子低温射频消融术治疗下鼻甲肥大引起的鼻塞

目的 探讨鼻内镜下等离子低温射频消融术治疗下鼻甲肥厚导致鼻塞的疗效.方法 对76例下鼻甲黏膜肥厚致鼻塞患者采用鼻内镜下等离子低温射频消融术治疗双侧下鼻甲,术前及术后1个月和3个月应用视觉模拟评分表(VAS)来评价鼻塞的主观感觉.结果 患者术前鼻塞VAS评分左侧为7.8±0.4,右侧为7.5±0.8;术后1个月左侧为5.6±0.3,右侧为5.3±0.6,术后3个月左侧为3.0±0.9,右侧为3.3±0.6.左右侧VAS评分分别与术前比较,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论 鼻内镜下等离子低温射频消融术是治疗下鼻甲黏膜肥厚导致鼻塞的一种微创、疗效确切和方便的方法.     

肝肿瘤射频消融电极针研究进展

射频消融(RFA)是目前广泛应用于肝肿瘤治疗的微创、有效方法,适用于不愿或不宜外科手术治疗患者.近20余年来RFA技术取得了长足的发展与进步.作为主要治疗工具,射频电极针对RFA疗效具有很大影响.该文就目前临床常用或处于研发阶段的射频电极针,如多针尖可扩展电极针、灌注电极针、内冷却电极针及双电极针等的特点进行总结,比较它们的优势与不足,展望进一步研究方向,以提高RFA治疗肝肿瘤效果.