老年食管恶性狭窄金属内支架植入的姑息性治疗

目的　探讨金属内支架置入治疗老年食管恶性狭窄的疗效。方法　本组 2 8例 ,男 17例 ,女 11例 ,年龄 61～ 78岁。在X线电视透视下 ,对狭窄部位扩张后 ,共置入支架 2 8枚。结果　所有病人的支架留置均获成功 ,患者的生活质量均得到提高。结论　金属内支架植入术是治疗老年食管恶性狭窄的有效的姑息性治疗。     

内支架治疗上胃肠道恶性狭窄和食管气管瘘

目的 探讨国产带膜金属内支架姑息治疗上胃肠道恶性狭窄和食管气管瘘的临床价值.方法 32例晚期食管癌、食管-气管瘘、贲门癌、胃窦癌及其术后复发引起的吻合口恶性狭窄患者,在日立TU-41 500 mA和GE 3100-IQ DSA的监视下,将国产带膜金属内支架置入病变段.结果 32例37枚带膜内支架置放成功率为100％,患者吞咽困难及上胃肠道梗阻症状明显改善和解除,食管气管漏被封堵,未出现上胃肠道穿孔、大出血或死亡等严重并发症.结论 国产带膜金属内支架姑息治疗上胃肠道恶性狭窄和漏安全有效.     

自膨式金属内支架在食管狭窄中的应用

本文报道了１５个带有硅酮内膜的自膨式金属Ｇ一ＲＺ型内支架在食管狭窄中的应用结果。在Ｘ线透视下经口放置，１０例恶性食管狭窄和２例良性狭窄全部成功，未发生技术性并发症或死亡。放置２４～４８ｈ后，吞咽程度由术前平均４．５级降至１．５级，均能进普食或软食；１２例中５例有并发症，其中３例内支架移位，２例食物嵌塞，另有７例轻度胸痛。随访观察１～５个月，１１例仍存活，１例死于心衰，内支架均保持通畅。结果提示，食管自膨式金属内支架放置操作简单、安全，是食管狭窄和食管天气管瘘有效的保守疗法。     

36例食管内支架植入术后并发症的分析

目的：探讨36例食管内支架植入术后并发症及相关因素。方法：36例（男26例，女10例，年龄19-87岁。）患者行金属内支架植入术。结果：36例均有不同程度的胸骨后疼痛及异物感，主要并发症有：支架移位或脱落（4例），再狭窄（12例），支架植入术后大出血（4例），返流性食管炎（16例）。结论：食管内支架植入术是治疗食管良恶性狭窄病变的有效治疗方法。     

食管内支架应用技术

目的：探讨金属内支架对于治疗食管病变的应用技术及临床疗效。材料与方法：采用ｓｔｅｎｔ技术对５３例食管病变施行了食管内支架置入术。其中食管良性狭窄４例，术后吻合口狭窄１８例，恶性狭窄２５例，癌性食管－气管瘘６例，结果：记忆合金支架在食管内全部释放成功。良恶性狭窄病人术后即可进食，食管－气管瘘的病人术后瘘口堵塞成功，肺部感染得以控制。结论：食管内支架置入术对于治疗食管良性病变疗效显著、安全可靠、值得推     

双支架治疗食管癌引起的重度气管狭窄

目的探讨气管、食管双支架留置术治疗恶性气管、食管狭窄的安全性和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析16例食管癌联合重度气管狭窄的患者行气管及食管腔内支架植入术的方法,相关的术中麻醉支持和指征监测及围术期处理。结果所有患者均成功置入气管、食管双支架,手术成功率100%。共放置内支架32枚(气管支架及食管支架各16个)。术后肺通气功能及吞咽功能均明显改善。术后生存期<3个月者3例,3～6个月8例,>6个月5例。结论气管、食管双支架留置术是治疗恶性气管、食管狭窄安全、有效的治疗方法。对于同时伴有气管、食管狭窄的患者,应首先置入气管支架。     

应用金属内支架治疗食管及贲门部恶性狭窄

目的：评价金属内支架治疗食管及贲门部恶性狭窄的效果。材料和方法：１４例食管，贲门部恶性狭窄患者，１例合并有食管气管瘘。经口操作，先行球囊导管对狭窄段进行扩张，后置入金属内支架，其中１３例置入国产被覆涤纶膜Ｚ型内支架（共１５枚）。另１例应用Ｓｔｒｅｃｋｅｒ ｓｔｅｎｔ。结果：内皮架置入全部成功，术后患者狭窄得到改善，食管气管瘘孔安全封闭。术后患者平均生存时间为５．５个月。结论：金属内支架是治疗食管及     

国产金属内支架置入治疗良恶性食管狭窄(附25例分析)

目的 :采用国产金属内支架置入治疗良恶性食管狭窄。方法 :2 5例良恶性食管狭窄患者 ,均在 X线监视下 ,经口将导丝安全通过狭窄段 ,行球囊扩张后置入金属支架。结果 :全部病例均顺利置入支架 ,不仅有效地缓解了进食困难 ,改善了营养状况 ,同时还使食管气管瘘及食管纵隔瘘患者瘘口封闭 ,为其减轻感染及进一步治疗造成狭窄的原发病提供了时机。结论 :食管内支架置入术是治疗良恶性食管狭窄的一种安全有效地方法、应用国产金属内支架 ,既可减轻患者经济负担 ,又可达到进口支架同样的效果而成首选。     

食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄（附7例报告）

食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄（附７例报告）孙兴旺王秀英崔进国何学文张丽丽晚期食管癌使６２％的病人失去手术机会［１，２］，而影响患者生存质量的主要问题是吞咽困难，造成临床上的恶病质，直接危及生命。采用金属内支架置入术机械性的解除食管狭窄，能大大改善病人进...     

食管良、恶性狭窄球囊扩张及内支架治疗的随访研究(附156例分析)

目的　评价食管良、恶性狭窄球囊扩张和内支架置入的远期疗效及并发症。方法　 15 6例食管良、恶性狭窄 ,行球囊扩张及置入内支架治疗 ,其中 12例良性狭窄行单纯球囊扩张 ,1例化学灼伤后食管自发性破裂并发纵隔脓肿及脓胸 ,采用可回收式记忆合金覆膜网状支架 ;14 3例恶性狭窄中 ,134例置入了金属内支架 ,9例作了球囊扩张。门诊食管造影或纤维内窥镜检查随访。结果　食管恶性狭窄随访 1～ 48个月 ,6 1例死亡 ,术后生存时间 1～ 33个月 ,平均 8.9个月。支架放置后再次出现吞咽困难 6 3例( 4 7% ) ,因食物及粘液在支架内嵌塞 3例 ,支架两端和支架腔内不规则狭窄 33例 ,狭窄仅局限于支架上端 19例 ,狭窄位于支架两端8例。纤维内窥镜检查发现 ,肿瘤组织 (或肉芽组织 )通过支架“网眼”向腔内和 (或 )两端生长。再次发生吞咽困难的 6 3例 ,均做了球囊扩张或再次内支架置入等治疗。食管良性狭窄随访 5～ 6 1个月 ,仍能进普食。结论　内支架置入术是姑息性治疗食管恶性狭窄的有效方法 ,肿瘤组织和增生的肉芽组织是引起再次狭窄的主要原因 ,带膜支架可有效降低再狭窄率 ,但不能阻止两端的狭窄 ;球囊扩张无效的良性狭窄 ,可放置回收式覆膜支架。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.