中药艾灸对腹膜透析患者腹膜转运功能的影响

目的：观察中药艾灸对低腹膜转运CAPD患者腹膜转运功能的影响。方法：低腹膜转运CAPD患者32例随机分为两组,治疗组（中药艾灸）与对照组各16例,观察治疗前后透析液溶质浓度与血液溶质浓度（D/P）比值、腹膜溶质清除指数（KT/V、CCr）的变化。结果：治疗组治疗后葡萄糖（D/D0）比值降低（P〈0.05）,肌酐、尿素氮D/P比值提高（P〈0.05）,腹膜溶质清除指数（KT/V、CCr）明显增加,优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：中药艾灸可有效地提高透析效能,对低腹膜转运CAPD患者腹膜的转运功能具有较好的改善作用。     

护理管理者应具备的管理技能调查分析

目的 探讨腹膜溶质转运特性对腹膜透析患者营养指标的影响。方法 按照腹膜平衡试验（PET）计算结果。将68例稳定的连续性不卧床性腹膜透析（CAPD）患者分为高转运组（37例）和低转运组（31例）。检测患者血浆和腹透选出液中的总蛋白、白蛋白及氨基酸量，同步计算蛋白质摄入量（DPI）和蛋白质分解率（nPCR）。比较两组营养状态及进行相关因素分析。结果 两组的残余肾功能、CAPD治疗时间、每日透析液剂量、超滤量、葡萄糖吸收量、血糖、尿素氯（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）和尿素清除指数（K1／V）比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）。高转运组每日经腹透透出液丢失的总蛋白质和多种氨基酸量显著高于低转运组（均P＜0．05）；各项营养指标均低于低转运组；两组体重及血清白蛋白比较．差异有显著性意义（均P〈0．05）。每日经腹透波丢失的Alb量和TAA与D／PIScr呈正相关关系（均P〈0．05）。结论 腹膜透析高转运患者营养指标较低转运者差，应加强对高转运惠者的营养护理和指导；每日透析液量及超滤量能达到TCcr与DPI平衡即可．不宜盲目增加腹透液的剂量、浓度和存留时间．导致过度透析．引起蛋白质和氨基酸经腹透液大量丢失及吸收大量的葡萄糖．加重患者蛋白质缺乏性营养不良。     

含黄芪腹透液对高腹膜转运CAPD患者超滤功能的影响

目的:观察含黄芪腹透液对高腹膜转运CAPD患者腹膜超滤功能的影响。方法:高腹膜转运CAPD患者34例,治疗组(含黄芪腹透液)与对照组(市售腹透液)各17例,观察治疗后透析超滤量(UF)、腹膜溶质转运性能(D/P Cr、D/P urea、MTAC urea、MTAC Cr)及葡萄糖吸收率的变化。结果:治疗组治疗后第1透析周期超滤量和24h总超滤量明显增加,治疗观察期高糖透析液使用量减少,葡萄糖吸收率有降低趋势,并能一定程度地提高腹膜对溶质的转运,总有效率76.5%,优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腹透液中加入黄芪注射液可有效地提高透析超滤量,对高腹膜转运CAPD患者腹膜的超滤功能具有较好的保护作用。     

腹膜溶质转运特性对腹膜透析患者营养指标的影响

目的探讨腹膜溶质转运特性对腹膜透析患者营养指标的影响.方法按照腹膜平衡试验(PET)计算结果,将68例稳定的连续性不卧床性腹膜透析(CAPD)患者分为高转运组(37例)和低转运组(31例).检测患者血浆和腹透透出液中的总蛋白、白蛋白及氨基酸量,同步计算蛋白质摄入量(DPI)和蛋白质分解率(nPCR).比较两组营养状态及进行相关因素分析.结果两组的残余肾功能、CAPD治疗时间、每日透析液剂量、超滤量、葡萄糖吸收量、血糖、尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素清除指数(Kt/V)比较,差异无显著性意义(均P>0.05).高转运组每日经腹透透出液丢失的总蛋白质和多种氨基酸量显著高于低转运组(均P<0.05);各项营养指标均低于低转运组;两组体重及血清白蛋白比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05).每日经腹透液丢失的Alb量和TAA与D/P4Scr呈正相关关系(均P<0.05).结论腹膜透析高转运患者营养指标较低转运者差,应加强对高转运患者的营养护理和指导;每日透析液量及超滤量能达到TCcr与DPI平衡即可,不宜盲目增加腹透液的剂量、浓度和存留时间,导致过度透析,引起蛋白质和氨基酸经腹透液大量丢失及吸收大量的葡萄糖,加重患者蛋白质缺乏性营养不良.     

持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者生存质量影响因素的研究

目的评估持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的生存质量状况,探讨营养状态、透析充分性、微炎症、腹膜转运和残余肾功能对腹透患者生存质量的影响。方法选择稳定的CAPD3个月以上的患者88例,使用KDQOL-SFTM生存质量研究量表计分。同时检测患者营养状态、透析充分性、微炎症、腹膜转运功能和残存肾功能,用SPSS10软件包分析数据。结果(1)CAPD患者肾病、透析相关生存质量(KDTA)评分为:58.6±14.2,SF-36总分为50.4±12.8。(2)营养指标(MQSGA、白蛋白和血红蛋白等)与KDTA和SF-36总分及其部分领域呈显著相关,其中以MOSGA相关性最好。(3)微炎症(IL-6、CRP和TNFα)与KDTA和SF-36总分及其分支领域呈显著相关,其中以IL-6相关性最为显著。(4)腹膜转运功能与KDTA和SF-36总分呈显著等级相关。(5)残存尿量与KDTA和SF-36总分及部分领域呈显著相关。(6)Kt/V与KDTA和SF-36无显著相关。(7)对KDTA的影响分别为腹膜转运功能、残存尿量、MQSGA、IL-6、Kt/V、TNFα、CRP,其中腹膜转运功能、残存尿量、MQSGA、IL-6是独立影响因素。(8)对SF-36的影响分别为腹膜转运功能、MQSGA、残存尿量、IL-6、Kt/V、TNFα、CRP,其中,腹膜转运功能、MQSGA、残存尿量、IL-6是独立影响因素。结论(1)腹膜转运功能、残存尿量影响腹透患者生存质量,但是,     

急性腹透相关性腹膜炎患者超滤和溶质转运的变化

目的：研究持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者发生急性腹透相关性腹膜炎时腹膜超滤功能、腹膜对小分子物质转运的变化，以及急性腹膜炎对患者血清白蛋白的影响。方法：对2006年1月～2008年3月期间因腹透相关性腹膜炎住院的22例CAPD患者（男12例，女10例）进行研究，收集腹膜炎发生后第1、3、6、9、12天的血和腹透液标本，分别检测血和腹透液常规及肌酐、糖、白蛋白、Na^＋、K^＋。同时记录每天腹透超滤量，并查看患者腹膜炎发生前最后一次的腹膜平衡试验（PET）结果和腹膜炎发生前2周每日超滤量并计算其均值，分别作为腹膜炎发生后腹膜对肌酐转运及腹膜超滤情况的基线对照组。腹膜溶质转运的计算通过同一时间点该溶质腹透液与血浆的比值（D／P）测得。结果：与腹膜炎发生前腹透超滤量相比，腹膜炎发生后第1、3天超滤量明显减少，呈负超滤（P〈0．01）；腹膜炎发生后各时间点肌酐D／P值均较腹膜炎发生前肌酐D／P值明显升高（P〈0．05）；腹膜炎发生后第3、6、9、12天血清白蛋白水平明显低于腹膜炎发生第1天（P〈0．05）。结论：CAPD合并急性腹膜炎时腹膜超滤功能降低，尤以腹膜炎早期更明显；急性腹膜炎导致腹膜对肌酐的转运增加及患者的血清白蛋白水平降低。     

高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者中医证候的影响

目的：观察高通量透析（HFHD）对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者中医证候以及营养不良和微炎症状态的影响。方法：采用随机对照,A组应用高通量透析,B组应用普通透析,比较治疗前及治疗后中医证候积分（TCM syndromes cores）,及治疗后血红蛋白（Hb、血浆白蛋白（Alb）、前白蛋白（PAB）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、肱三头肌皮皱厚度（TSF）、上臂中段肌肉周径（MAMC）等指标变化。结果：（1）治疗4周、8周后,A组中医实证积分、虚证积分、总积分与治疗前相比有降低趋势,但差异尚无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。12周后与治疗前比较,A组中医证候积分均明显下降（P〈0.05）,B组证候积分与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗12周A组临床疗效优于B组（P〈0.01）。（2）治疗12周时,A组Hb、Alb、PAB明显上升（P〈0.05）,hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平与治疗前相比明显下降（P〈0.01）,TSF升高（P〈0.01）,MAMC有升高趋势,但差异尚无统计学意义。B组患者Hb、Alb、PAB、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组治疗12周后,A组IL-6水平低于B组患者（P〈0.05）。结论：HFHD可减少MHD患者中医证候临床积分,改善患者营养不良及微炎症状态。     

氯沙坦钾对大鼠腹膜透析模型腹膜纤维化组织中TLR4表达的影响

目的：探讨氯沙坦钾对大鼠腹膜透析模型腹膜纤维化组织中TLR4、IL-6、IL-8表达的影响。方法：30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、腹膜纤维化模型组（模型组）、氯沙坦钾治疗组（治疗组）,每组各10只。正常对照组不予任何干预,模型组给予4.25%腹膜透析液腹腔注射（100ml·kg^-1·d^-1）,治疗组给予4.25%腹膜透析液腹腔注射（100ml.kg-1.d-1）,同时给予氯沙坦钾片灌胃（30mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,于4周末杀检大鼠,做腹膜平衡试验,准确量取超滤量,留取0和4h血清与腹腔流出液标本,计算葡萄糖转运量,4h后,取壁层腹膜组织作形态学观察,用免疫荧光的方法检测TLR4、IL-6、IL-8在脏层腹膜组织中的表达。结果：与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠壁层腹膜厚度明显增厚（P〈0.01）,超滤量下降（P〈0.01）,葡萄糖转运量升高（P〈0.01）。与模型组相比较,氯沙坦钾治疗后大鼠壁层腹膜变薄（P〈0.01）,超滤量增加（P〈0.01）,葡萄糖转运率量下降（P〈0.01）;正常腹膜组织中TLR4、IL-6、IL-8在间皮细胞中呈弱表达,模型组与正常组相比,TLR4、IL-6、IL-8表达明显增多;治疗组与模型组相比,TLR4、IL-6、IL-8蛋白表达明显下调。结论：氯沙坦钾能够下调腹膜纤维化大鼠腹膜组织TLR4、IL-6、IL-8表达水平,改善腹膜的超滤和转运功能。     

参麦注射液对腹膜透析患者微炎症状态的改善作用

目的:观察参麦注射液对持续性非卧床腹膜透析(continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)患者微炎症状态的调节作用,并探讨了其相关的临床意义。方法:选取2014年7月~2015年12月我院肾内科CAPD患者146例。146例患者使用数字法随机分为常规透析对照组和参麦注射液+透析观察组,每组73例。对照组行标准CAPD,观察组在对照组基础上加用参麦注射液(10 ml/L腹透液),4周为一疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。比较两组治疗前、后的血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素(BUN)、24 h尿量、残肾功能(residual renal function,RRF)、超滤量、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、钙(Ca~(2+))、磷(P3-)、甲状旁腺素(i PTH)指标,酶联免疫法检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达。结果:两组治疗前hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α表达显著减低(P0.05),但对照组hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α表达较治疗前无显著性改变(P0.05)。两组治疗前Scr、BUN、24 h尿量、RRF和超滤量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后对照组Scr、BUN、24 h尿量、RRF和超滤量无显著性改变(P0.05),观察组Scr、BUN和24 h尿量也无显著性改变(P0.05),但治疗后观察组RRF和超滤量较治疗前显著升高(P0.05)。两组治疗前、后血浆ALB、Ca~(2+)、P~(3-)和i PTH生化指标无显著性改变(P0.05)。结论:参麦注射液可以改善CAPD患者的微炎症状态,有利于保护腹膜的转运功能,提高超滤量和保护残肾功能。     

肝细胞生长因子对维持性腹膜透析患者腹膜微炎症状态及超滤量的影响

目的：观察肝细胞生长因子（HGF）对腹膜透析微炎症状态和超滤量的影响。方法：选择稳定的持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者20例,采用双盲交叉对照设计,患者随机腹透液内分别加入HGF或生理盐水治疗3个月,再经1个月的洗脱期后交换处理因素,分别观察患者的腹膜微炎症状态、腹膜通透性和超滤量的变化。结果：与处理前和生理盐水处理后相比,HGF可降低透析液CRP、IL-6、TNF-α和TGF-β的水平（P〈0．05）,降低透析液肌酐／血肌酐（D/PCr）比值,降低透析液尿素／血尿素（D／Purea）比值以及透析液白蛋白／血白蛋白比率。HGF可增加4h、0h透析液葡萄糖比率（D4／D0 glucose）及24h超滤量（P〈0．05）,患者周总KT／V和总Ccr／ml无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论：PD患者腹透液内使用HGF可改善腹腔微炎症状态,降低腹膜对小分子通透性,增加腹膜的超滤量。     

阿魏酸哌嗪在腹膜透析患者残余肾功能中的应用

目的 探索持续性腹膜透析(CAPD)的尿毒症患者使用阿魏酸哌嗪对残余肾功能(RRF)的影响.方法 43例CAPD治疗的尿毒症患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组22例,对照21例;治疗组在对照组基础上加用中成药阿魏酸哌嚷,每次150mg,每天3次,疗程12个月;观察治疗前、后的血压(BP)、体重(BW)、血色素(Hb)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、血白蛋白(Alb)等指标;分别检测二组治疗6、12、18个月的RRF及尿量.结果 与对照组相比,治疗后的治疗组RRF下降速度减慢(P＜0.05).尿量减少明显减缓(p＜0.01),BP控制对照组满意(p＜0.05).Hb、BW、Alb好于对照组(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 阿魏酸哌嗪对CAPD尿毒症患者的RRF有保护作用,延缓尿量的减少,改善患者营养,提高CAPD患者的生活质量.     

Peritoneal sodium mass removal in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis: influence on blood pressure control.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Sodium and water retention is common in peritoneal dialysis patients and contributes to cardiovascular disease. As peritoneal sodium removal depends partly on dwell time, and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) often uses short dwell time exchanges, the aim of this study was to compare the 24-hour peritoneal sodium removal in APD and standard continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and to analyze its possible influence on blood pressure control. METHODS: A total of 53 sodium balance studies (30 in APD and 23 in CAPD) were performed in 36 stable peritoneal dialysis patients. The 24-hour net removal of sodium was calculated as follows: M = ViCi - VdCd, where Vd is the 24-hour drained volume, Cd is the solute sodium concentration in Vd, Vi is the amount of solution used during a 24-hour period, and Ci is the sodium concentration in Vi. Peritoneal sodium removal was compared between APD and CAPD patients. Residual renal function, serum sodium concentration, daily urinary sodium losses, weekly peritoneal Kt/V and creatinine clearance, 4-hour dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio, proportion of hypertonic solutions, net ultrafiltration, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and need for antihypertensive therapy were also compared between the groups. RESULTS: Peritoneal sodium removal was higher (p < 0.001) in CAPD than in APD patients. There were no significant differences in residual renal function, serum sodium concentration, urinary sodium losses, peritoneal urea or creatinine clearances, 4-hour dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio, or proportion of hypertonic solutions between groups. The net ultrafiltration was higher in CAPD patients and correlated strongly (r = 0.82; p < 0.001) with peritoneal sodium removal. In APD patients, peritoneal sodium removal increased significantly only in those patients with a second daytime exchange. The systolic blood pressure was higher (p < 0.05) in APD patients, and the proportion of patients with antihypertensive therapy was also higher in APD patients, although no significant relationship between blood pressure values and amount of peritoneal sodium removal was found. CONCLUSIONS: The 24-hour sodium removal is higher in CAPD than in APD patients, and there is a trend towards better hypertension control in CAPD patients. As hypertension control and volume status are important indices of peritoneal dialysis adequacy, our results have to be considered in the choice of the peritoneal dialysis modality.     

Correlation of serum hepcidin with residual renal function and micro-inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To study the correlation of serum hepcidin with residual renal function and micro-inflammation state in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods Thirty-four stable CADP patients were involved in this study as observers (CAPD group), who had accepted CAPD treatment more than three months; twenty non-dialysis patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease were selected as control group. According to the level of high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), CAPD patients were divided into two subgroups. There were 14 patients in the hs-CRP elevated group (hs-CRP＞3.00 mg/L) and 20 patients in the hs-CRP normal group. In addition, there had been 14 patients with residual renal function in CAPD group. Serum hepcidin was measured by ELISA. Serum Ferritin (FER), hs-CRP, routine blood and biochemistry were measured by routine methods. Calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to assess the correlation of serum hepcidin with other laboratory parameters in CAPD patients. Results (1) Serum hepcidin was significantly higher in CAPD patients than control group, but eGFR was significantly lower (P﹤0.01). (2) Serum hepcidin levels of no residual renal function patients increased more significantly in CAPD group (P﹤0.05). (3) Serum hepcidin levels were higher in hs-CRP elevated group than hs-CRP normal group (P﹤0.05). (4) Pearson correlation analyses revealed that serum hepcidin was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.501) and FER (r=0.847, all P﹤0.01), and was negatively correlated with Hb (r=-0.919), TRF (r=-0.751), TIBC (r=-0.532, all P＜0.05). (5) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ferritin and hs-CRP were closely associated with serum hepcidin level in CAPD. Conclusions Serum hepcidin level markedly elevate in CAPD patients, especially in the patients with no residual renal function and micro inflammatory state increased more significantly.     

透出液蛋白丢失与连续性非卧床腹膜透析患者营养不良-炎性反应-动脉硬化综合征的相关性

目的 探讨透出液蛋白丢失对连续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者营养不良-炎性反应-动脉硬化（MIA）综合征的影响。 方法 对130例无明显水肿和活动性感染的CAPD患者进行横断面的研究。用标准腹膜平衡试验（PET）评估CAPD患者腹膜转运功能。颈动脉彩色超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）。检测患者血清白蛋白、夜间留腹透出液蛋白和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的水平。残余肾功能（rGFR）为24 h尿尿素氮和尿肌酐清除的平均值。 结果 Pearson和Spearman相关分析显示,CAPD透出液蛋白的丢失与年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、夜间腹透液留腹的时间、血糖、4 h透出液肌酐与血肌酐比值（4 h D/Pcr）及hs-CRP水平呈正相关（分别为r = 0.204,P < 0.05;r = 0.314,P < 0.01;r = 0.265,P < 0.01;r = 0.212,P < 0.05;r = 0.401,P < 0.01和r = 0.216,P < 0.05）;与舒张压、血清白蛋白、透析液糖浓度及腹膜Kt/V呈负相关（分别为r = －0.209,P < 0.05;r = －0.123,P < 0.05;r = －0.271,P < 0.01;r = －0.212,P < 0.01）。总体上,透出液蛋白丢失量与IMT无相关,但患者rGFR小于1 ml·min^－1·（1.73 m²）^－1时,透出液蛋白丢失量与IMT呈正相关（r = 0.650,P < 0.01）。 结论 CAPD患者透出液蛋白的丢失与患者腹膜转运类型、营养不良和炎性反应状态密切相关。患者rGFR小于1 ml·min^－1·（1.73 m²）^－1时,透出液蛋白的丢失是颈动脉动脉硬化的危险因素。     

Serum leptin, resistin, and lipid levels in patients with end stage renal failure with regard to dialysis modality

Little information is available on the relationship between serum resistin levels and other adipokines with serum lipid levels and insulin resistance in uremic patients under different dialysis modalities. METHODS: This study investigated the effects of dialysis modality on serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha levels in age, sex, and total adipose tissue mass (TATM); matched 30 hemodialysis (HD) patients, 30 continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, and 30 healthy controls; and evaluated the relationship between these adipokines and dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. RESULTS: Serum resistin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were significantly increased in dialysis patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). In CAPD patients, serum leptin, resistin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were higher than those in HD patients (p < 0.05). Leptin levels were positively correlated with TATM, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDLc) levels in both dialysis groups. Resistin levels were found to positively correlate with TATM and triglycerides in CAPD patients. No relationship was found between the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and adipokines studied. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin, resistin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were higher in CAPD patients. Leptin levels were positively correlated with TATM, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDLc levels in dialysis patients. Resistin levels were positively correlated with TATM and triglycerides in CAPD patients. Glucose load during CAPD may be an important factor in increased in leptin, resistin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in CAPD patients. These results highlight the importance of leptin and resistin as determinants of dyslipidemia, especially in CAPD patients.     

Two daytime icodextrin exchanges decrease brain natriuretic peptide levels and improve cardiac functions in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Aim: Peritoneal dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure frequently have fluid overload. It is known that the increase in the ultrafiltration is associated with decrease in the left ventricle (LV) dysfunction. This study was designed to examine the potential effects of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on cardiac functions and to determine the relationship between BNP and cardiac parameters in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with ultrafiltration failure. Methods: Twenty‐eight patients with high or high‐average membrane permeability as indicated by the peritoneal equilibration test were enrolled and randomized to receive either once or twice daily icodextrin. Serum BNP levels and echocardiographic measurements were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the eighth week. The correlations between the percentage changes of parameters from baseline were also studied. Results: In both groups there was a significant decrease in serum BNP, LV mass, heart rate (HR) and cardiothoracic index (CTI) and an improvement in ejection fraction (all P < 0.05). However, the percentage of change in all these parameters was significantly better in the twice daily compared with once daily group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage decrease in BNP was positively correlated with the percentage decrease in HR, LV mass and BP. Conclusion: Twice daily icodextrin treatment might be useful in hypervolaemic CAPD patients for the improvement of cardiac functions. BNP monitoring may be useful to follow up these patients.     

小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病患者的疗效

目的　研究小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析（DAPD）和小剂量持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的疗效。 方法 病情稳定、残肾功能较好（rGFR≥5 ml/min,且尿量≥750 ml/d）的40例糖尿病ESRD患者入选。按数字随机法分为小剂量DAPD组20例和小剂量CAPD组20例。DAPD组透析处方为1.5 L或2 L,3次/d,每次留腹3～4 h,夜间干腹。CAPD组透析处方为1.5～2 Ｌ,3次/d,或1.5 L,4次/d,夜间留腹。在研究开始及6个月后,分别计算两组腹膜尿素氮清除率（Kt/V）、残肾Kt/V、每周总Ｋt/V、Ccr、rGFR等指标;测定24 h尿蛋白量、24 h腹透液蛋白、血清白蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素剂量;用改良主观综合性营养评估法（SGA）评估患者营养状况。 结果 共35例患者完成研究。两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、透析龄、透析液肌酐/血肌酐（D/Pcr）等基线值差异无统计学意义。6个月后,CAPD组胰岛素剂量和24 h腹透液丢失蛋白明显高于DAPD组,分别为（33.6±10.9） U/d 比（20.6±6.2） U/d（P < 0.05）和（11.13±4.95） g比（5.66±2.88） g（P < 0.01）,而血清白蛋白明显低于DAPD组[（29.7±4.2） 比（36.5±3.9） g/L,P < 0.05]。DAPD组与CAPD组相比,24 h净超滤量为（554±187） ml比（309±177） ml,24 h尿量为（1090±361） ml比（750±258） ml,rGFR为（8.21±2.40） ml/min比（4.88±2.11） ml/min,DAPD组均显著高于CAPD组（均P < 0.05）。 结论 对于残肾功能较好的糖尿病ESRD患者,小剂量DAPD较小剂量CAPD能更好地控制血糖,改善营养状态及保护残肾功能。     

虫草制剂联合复方α酮酸对腹膜透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的探讨虫草制剂联合复方α酮酸治疗对维持性腹膜透析患者全身微炎症状态的影响。方法选择江苏省沭阳县人民医院肾内科和黑龙江省佳木斯大学附属第一临床医学院肾内科确诊慢性肾衰竭尿毒症期并行持续非卧床腹膜透析（continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD）治疗1个月以上的患者46例,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组23例。对照组行CAPD治疗（CAPD治疗方案为：患者使用由美国百特公司生产的1．5％及2．5％腹膜透析液2L／袋,白天用1．5％腹膜透析液3袋,每袋留腹4h,夜间使用2．5％腹膜透析液1袋保留过夜约10h,第2天清晨放出）治疗;治疗组在CAPD治疗的同时给予虫草制剂与复方α酮酸口服,分别于治疗前及治疗后第3个月采用乳胶凝集反应法检测患者血清超敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitive C reaction protein,hs-CRP）、采用（enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay,ELISA）法测定肿瘤坏死因子a（tumornecrosisfactoralpha-α,TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（interleukin6,IL-6）水平,并比较2组之间的差异。结果治疗组治疗后第3个月时hs-CRP和IL-6较治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。与对照组比较,对照组患者存在全身微炎症状态,血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显高于治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论虫草制剂与复方α酮酸联合应用能减轻维持性腹膜透析患者的全身微炎症状态。     

Plasma interleukin-6 levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.

Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine known to be involved in lymphocyte activation and in inflammation, were studied in 10 normal volunteers, 21 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and 41 hemodialysis patients. Plasma IL-6 levels in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in normal volunteers and CAPD patients (p less than 0.05). The means of plasma IL-6 concentrations before and after hemodialysis did not change significantly. While IL-6 in peritoneal dialysate was detectable in only 3 of the 21 CAPD patients without peritonitis, it was extremely high in 2 patients with bacterial peritonitis. IL-6 levels decreased as peritonitis subsided.     

左旋肉碱对腹膜透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的探讨左旋肉碱（L-CN）对持续不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者微炎症和营养状态的影响。方法选择我院肾内科透析龄超过3个月的CAPD患者39例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组给予静脉注射L-CN（每次1g、每周3次,共16周）。治疗前后检测超敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）,同时测定血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、转铁蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、钙、磷等生化指标。并用改良主观全面营养评价法（MSGAN）对患者进行微炎症和营养状态评估。结果观察组治疗后炎症因子hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α较治疗前均降低,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、转铁蛋白较治疗前升高,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义。而治疗前后肌酐、尿素氮、钙、磷的差异无统计学意义。结论左旋肉碱可改善CAPD患者的微炎症和营养状态。