急性缺血性脑血管病76例多模式CT影像学分析

目的探讨76例急性缺血性脑血管病(AICVD)的多模式CT影像学特点。方法采用320排多层螺旋CT对76例AICVD(发病时间24h)患者急诊进行CT平扫(NCCT)+CT灌注成像(CTP)+CT血管成像(CTA)一站式扫描检查,分析灌注区脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)等灌注参数变化及CT血管成像(CTA),并于入院后3d内行头颅MRI,评估其脑灌注特点及血管影像。结果在获取的76例CTP数据中,通过感兴趣区识别划分筛查,有59例患者有明确的异常CTP,有17例患者未发现明确感兴趣区。59例异常CTP中包括急性脑梗死47例,短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)12例。急性脑梗死患者异常CTP特点:发病在4.5h以内的4例患者CTP表现为患侧CBF均较健侧下降,CBV正常或者轻度增高,MTT、TTP延长;发病时间在4.5~6h内的4例:其中2例CTP表现为CBF降低,CBV正常,MTT、TTP延长,2例表现为CBF降低,CBV轻度降低,MTT、TTP延长;发病时间在6~24h内的39例:其中30例梗死区与CTP异常脑灌注区部位一致,均表现CBF明显降低,CBV明显降低,MTT、TTP延长;12例TIA患者CTP均发现与临床症状相对应的灌注异常:MTT、TTP延长,CBF正常或减低,CBV升高。CTA发现责任动脉重度狭窄5例,血管闭塞10例,7例可见血流缓慢,排空延迟及侧支血管形成。结论多模式CT能够对AICVD提供血流灌注参数的变化及血管情况、供血区的血流动力学变化,对临床诊治具有一定参考价值,主要用于评估大脑半球卒中,多模式CT有临床价值。     

CT灌注成像联合血管成像在老年急性缺血性脑血管病中的应用价值

目的观察临床应用CT灌注成像联合血管成像对老年急性缺血性脑血管病的应用价值。方法选取2012-04—2015-12在我院进行诊治的77例急性缺血性脑血管病患者给予CT灌注成像联合血管成像检查,并根据CT、MRI检查分为短暂性脑缺血发作及脑梗死2组,分析2组患者的发病情况及血管成像检查结果、CT灌注成像参数。结果 CI组患者的CBV、CBF较健侧明显下降(P0.05),TTP和MTT较健侧明显延长(P0.05);TIA组与健侧相比仅有TTP及MTT明显延长(P0.05),CBV和CBF无明显变化(P0.05);总血管狭窄发生率为66.23%;发生血管狭窄患者CTPI阳性率明显高于无出现血管狭窄患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床应用CT灌注成像联合血管成像能够为临床医师及时诊断、治疗老年急性缺血性脑血管病提供客观依据。     

64层螺旋CT灌注成像和血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中的应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT 灌注成像（CTP）、CT血管成像（CTA）在急性缺血性脑卒中的应用价值。方法对30例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,于发病12 h内行头CT平扫、CTP、CTA检查,分析平扫及灌注CT表现,计算灌注缺损区CBF、CBV、MTT各参数值,与对侧相应区灌注参数进行比较,重建颈段和脑内动脉CTA图像,并于发病2～7 d复查CT平扫。结果30例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,15例C T平扫未发现异常,14例可见腔隙梗死灶或软化灶,1例可见脑梗死早期低密度改变。10例C T P未见明显异常,20例C T P发现与临床症状相对应的大小不等的灌注减低区,18例可见不同范围缺血半暗带。CTA 显示12例未见明显异常,18例可见血管狭窄或闭塞。结论 CTP、CTA能够快速准确反映缺血部位及范围,显示缺血半暗带,判断闭塞血管,对早期诊断急性脑梗死和指导溶栓治疗具有重要价值。     

CT脑灌注成像与CT血管成像对颈动脉狭窄性短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断价值

目的探讨CT脑灌注成像与CT血管成像对颈动脉狭窄所致短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断价值。方法对我院2012-01—2014-01收治的36例临床诊断为短暂性脑缺血发作患者的影像学资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行颅CT平扫、CT脑灌注成像和CT血管成像检查,测定兴趣区及对侧相应区域局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP),评价颈动脉的狭窄程度与斑块的性质。结果 36例患者行CT平扫均未发现与临床症状相对应的病灶,CT血管造影显示责任血管狭窄28例,发现颈动脉斑块54块,而CT灌注成像显示异常24例,阳性率85.71%,其中病灶侧TTP、rCBF、MTT值与对照侧比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而rCBV与对照侧对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CT血管造影显示责任血管无狭窄8例,而CT灌注成像异常3例,阳性率37.5%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅰ期患者MTT低于Ⅱ期,rCBF高于Ⅱ期,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期rCBV相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经半年随访,其中5例发展成为脑梗死。结论 CT脑灌注成像结合CTA可同时观察短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑组织的血流动力学变化与颈内动脉的血管形态变化,对短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断具有重要价值,值得临床推广应用。     

640层螺旋CT脑灌注成像与CT血管成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

目的探讨东芝Aquilion ONE 640层CT脑灌注成像(CTP)与CT血管成像(CTA)在超早期脑梗死患者中的应用价值。方法我院2014-06—2015-12收治的28例超早期脑梗死患者,均在发病后6h内实施CT平扫、CTP与CTA检查,分析平扫及灌注CT表现,计算CTP的达峰时间(TTP)、脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)各参数值,并与对侧及半暗带周边相应区灌注参数相对比;重建颈段和脑内动脉CTA图像,采用图像后处理技术显示病变血管情况,对动脉狭窄程度进行分级评价。所有患者3~7d内行多层螺旋CT复查,评估CTP与CTA在超早期脑梗死诊断中的临床价值。结果 28例患者经头颅CT平扫发现,11例有可疑脑缺血区,其余17例未见明显异常。行CT脑血管灌注成像发现,患者感兴趣区内rCBF、rCBV、rTTP(病变侧与对照侧灌注参数的相对比值)明显改变,脑梗死区较边缘区TTP更高,CBF、CBV更低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);半暗带区CBF、TTP与对侧比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而CBV对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CTA检查发现,10例患者大脑中动脉闭塞,7例大脑中动脉狭窄,11例一侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞。结论 CTP早期发现脑梗死患者脑组织中的缺血半暗带,CTA检查可准确判断狭窄或闭塞血管,在脑梗死患者的早期诊断和指导溶栓治疗中有重要临床价值。     

CT脑灌注与血管造影在急性缺血性脑卒中的临床应用与分析

目的探讨CT脑灌注(CTPI)与血管造影在急性缺血性脑卒中中的临床应用价值。方法选择29例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,采用东芝Aquilion 64排CT行头颈部CTA及CTPI检查,观察两者对急性缺血性脑卒中诊断情况,分析CTPI与CTA对急性缺血性脑卒中诊断的一致性。结果①29例患者CT灌注图上发现与临床症状相对应的灌注异常区共25例,阳性率为86.2%(25/29),高于普通CT扫描的27.6%(8/29),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。②灌注异常区的CBF、CBV、MTT三组参数值与镜像健侧相比差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05);③CTA血管检查结果发现单纯颈内动脉狭窄5处;单纯颅内动脉狭窄10处;颈内动脉及颅内动脉均狭窄4例。④病例组CTPI联合CTA检查结果比较,病例组存在责任血管的患者CTPI检查阳性率为65.51%(19/29)高于无责任血管者的20.69%(6/29),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CTPI与CTA可以清晰的显示缺血性脑卒中脑内病灶及责任动脉,能够提高更多有价值的信息。     

CT脑灌注联合血管成像在烟雾病血管重建术中的应用效果

目的观察CT脑灌注联合血管成像在烟雾病血管重建术中的应用效果。方法选取我院2014-01—2016-05收治的36例烟雾病患者,于术前、术后对所有患者行CT脑灌注联合血管成像检查,根据检查结果为血管重建制定合理的手术方案,对术前、术后侧额、颞叶的达峰时间(TTP)、平均通过时间(MTT)、脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)进行定性和定量测量,并进行对比分析。结果 36例患者中,1例行直接重建,术后侧额、颞叶CBF、CBV增加,TTP延长,MTT无显著变化,吻合血管通畅;35例行间接重建,术后侧额、颞叶CBF、CBV增加,TTP、MTT降低,侧支吻合血管形成,术后TTP、MTT平均值低于术前,CBF、CBV平均值高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CT脑灌注联合血管成像应用于烟雾病血管重建术,术前可掌握患者靶组织的灌注状态、血管形态及脑组织缺血程度,术后可评判血管吻合情况和脑血流量改善情况,有利于手术方式的选择和术后疗效的观察,值得推广应用。     

64排螺旋CT灌注成像在急性缺血性脑卒中的应用价值

目的探讨64排CT灌注成像在缺血性脑卒中急性期的临床应用价值。方法对44例发病6h内的缺血性脑卒中患者行头部CT平扫及CT灌注成像检查,计算各灌注参数值。结果 44例患者中38例头部CT灌注成像发现与临床症状相应的低灌注区,进行了溶栓治疗;6例患者头部CT灌注成像未发现与临床症状相应的低灌注区,后MR I证实为急性基底节区脑梗死。结论 CT灌注成像能够快速、准确反映缺血部位及范围,对缺血性脑卒中急性期的诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

急性脑梗死的320排动态容积CT脑灌注成像研究

目的研究320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像(CTP)在脑梗死患者中的价值。方法对2014-01—2016-01驻马店市中心医院收治的33例脑梗死患者采取CT全脑灌注成像检查,测量梗死核心区、缺血半暗带(IP)与健侧镜像区的脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、达峰时间(TTP)及平均通过时间(MTT)值,计算梗死核心区及IP的相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT),并进行对比分析。结果 33例患者中,头颅平扫发现9例早期脑梗死征象,其余24例未发现异常。33例患者行CTP成像均发现异常灌注区,其中25例存在IP;与健侧镜像区对比,CBV无显著差异(P0.05),而TTP、MTT值明显延长,CBF显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与梗死核心区对比,CBF、CBV升高,TTP缩短,MTT延长,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。IP区与梗死核心区rCBF、rCBV、rTTP、rMTT对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。10例超急性期(发病6h以内)、15例急性期(发病6~72h)中11例、8例亚急性期(发病72h~14d)中4例存在IP。缺血半暗带分期:Ⅰ2期6例,Ⅱ1期12例,Ⅱ2期7例。结论 320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像可通过注射一次对比剂获得常规CT、CTP、CTA数据,对脑梗死患者的病变部位、范围及有无IP等提供明确的影像学依据,且可对IP进行分期,为临床实现对患者的个体化治疗提供了可能,且显著降低了患者所受的辐射剂量,安全性高。     

CT血管造影联合CT灌注在缺血性脑卒中的临床应用

目的探讨血管造影联合CT灌注在缺血性脑卒中的临床价值。方法选择2012-03—2014-03在我院诊治的缺血性脑卒中患者42例,采用东芝320排CT行头部CTA及CTP检查。观察两种检查方法对缺血性脑卒中的诊断情况,探讨颅内及颈部血管的狭窄与脑组织灌注异常区的关系。结果 CTP检查发现与临床症状相符的异常灌注区36例,感兴趣区的脑血容量及脑血流量较镜像区显著降低(P0.05);感兴趣区的平均通过时间显著延长(P0.05)。CTA检查发现颈部及颅内血管狭窄32例,10例未发现有血管狭窄。CTA有责任血管狭窄患者CTP阳性率(71.43%)显著高于CTA无责任血管狭窄者(14.29%)。结论缺血性脑卒中行CT血管造影联合CT灌注能准确反映脑组织血流动力学变化,有效判定颈部及颅内责任血管是否存在狭窄,为临床诊断提供依据。     

Fifty percent reduced-dose cerebral CT perfusion imaging of Alzheimer's disease: regional blood flow abnormalities

To evaluate the value of 50% reduced-dose cerebral computed tomography (CT)perfusion imaging (CTPI) to show the perfusion abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as an attempt to develop a new imaging protocol with lower radiation dose to track the correlation of AD with regional blood flow abnormalities. A total of 52 patients with AD were assigned to the AD group and 28 healthy volunteers served as the control group. All participants were given a 50% reduced-dose cerebral CTPI (current was reduced from 160 to 80 mA) test by a multislice spiral CT scanner. Perfusion parameters of the bilateral frontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia were measured, including the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT), and time to peak (TTP). Both the CBV and CBF values of the measured regions were significantly higher in the healthy control group than in the AD group (P < .05), while the MTT and TTP values of these cerebral areas were significantly lower in the healthy control group than in the AD group (P < .05). Four perfusion parameters, namely the MTT of the left frontal cortex, right temporal cortex, right basal ganglia, and right hippocampus, had the greatest sensitivity and a striking correlation with the incidence of AD. The blood flow per unit of time in the regions of interest was significantly lower in the AD group, which provides new evidence for the existence of microcirculation disturbance and ischemia in AD. The 50% reduced-dose cerebral CTPI scan is valuable to show the regional perfusion abnormalities in the patients with AD.     

Window narrowing: a new method for standardized assessment of the tissue at risk-maximum of infarction in CT based brain perfusion maps

BACKGROUND: Mapping of brain perfusion using bolus tracking methods is increasingly used to assess the amount and severity of cerebral ischemia in acute stroke. Using relative perfusion maps, however, it is difficult to identify the tissue at risk-maximum (TARM) of infarction with sufficient reliability and reproducibility. METHODS: We analysed 76 perfusion computed tomography (PCT) derived maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and time-to-peak (TTP) in 40 acute stroke patients using multidetector row technology and standard software (Somatom VolumeZoom, Siemens, Germany). 'Window narrowing' of the color maps was performed until color homogenisation of the contralateral unaffected hemisphere was reached. Tissue still depictable on the affected hemisphere after sufficient window narrowing was defined as the TARM. We analysed presence and size of the TARM on PCT maps, its relative perfusion values by comparison with contralateral, mirrored tissue, and its correlation with occurrence and final size of cerebral infarction on follow-up imaging. RESULTS: An ischemic area was visible in 64, 58.9 and 72.6% on the conventional CBF, CBV and TTP maps, respectively. After window narrowing, a TARM was present in 56.8, 54.1 and 63.0% of slices comprising 11.9, 11.6 and 21.1% of the ipsilateral hemisphere (CBF, CBV and TTP), respectively. The relative perfusion values were 38.7 (CBF) and 43.0% (CBV) for the entire ischemic area and 11.3 (CBF) and 13.3% (CBV) for the TARM. Definite cerebral infarction was visible on 68.1% of the target slices comprising 23.7 +/- 22.9% of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The size of the TARM correlated slightly better with the final infarction size (r=0.74-0.82) than the entire ischemic area (r=0.61-0.79). With respect to the occurrence of cerebral infarction, the presence of a TARM on CBF maps showed the best positive (97.9%) and negative (72.7%) predictability. DISCUSSION: On PCT maps, window narrowing provides a standardized display of the TARM in peracute stroke. The severely reduced values of relative CBF and CBV suggest the TARM to indicate tissue most prone to infarction.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑灌注改变与可能干预靶点

目的观察急性缺血性脑卒中患者病灶区与病灶周围区灌注参数的变化,探讨可能干预治疗的作用靶点。方法选择2015-03—2016-03连续入组的发病时间在72h以内急性缺血性脑卒中住院患者,入院后24~48h内行磁共振灌注检查,灌注参数包括脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP)。应用视觉评定法判断是否存在灌注异常将患者分为灌注正常组和异常组;采用图像融合技术和同心圆定标法确定位于病灶区和病灶周围区的兴趣区(ROI)和其镜像区(ROM),自动计算ROI、ROM信号值;以ROI/ROM作为灌注参数相对值即rCBV、rCBF、rMTT、rTTP进行比较。结果共入组患者158例,灌注异常113例,灌注正常45例,异常率72%。与灌注正常组比较,无论病灶区还是病灶周围区,灌注异常组患者均表现为rCBV升高(CBV与信号值成反比)、rCBF减少、rMTT和rTTP延长,与灌注正常组差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。在灌注异常组患者病灶区和病灶周围区CBV减少存在低灌注;MTT和TTP延长存在血流淤滞;而灌注正常组患者则表现为CBV增加出现高灌注;MTT和TTP正常,无明显血流淤滞。改善灌注异常组患者病灶和病灶周围区CBV成为临床干预治疗的可能靶点。结论改善病灶区和其周围区域的CBV,为急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床治疗提供了可能的治疗靶点和客观判断标准。     

脑梗死急性期使用丁苯酞注射液对患者脑血流灌注和认知功能的影响

目的 研究伴有认知障碍的脑梗死急性期患者使用丁苯酞注射液对脑血流灌注和蒙特利尔认知 评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment scale,MoCA）评分的影响。      

Postictal deficit mimicking stroke: role of perfusion CT

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the use of perfusion CT in patients presenting with a suspected diagnosis of stroke to avoid the administration of inappropriate thrombolytic therapy in stroke-mimicking conditions such as status epilepticus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the imaging studies of four patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of stroke, but finally diagnosed with status epilepticus. Imaging was by a 16-section multidetector CT scanner using a protocol consisting of non-contrast CT, CT angiography and perfusion CT. Color-coded maps allowed calculation of the CBV (cerebral blood volume), CBF (cerebral blood flow) and MTT (mean transit time). RESULTS: In all four cases, perfusion CT revealed increases in CBF and CBV as well as a decreased MTT, consistent with hyperperfusion linked to status epilepticus with focal deficit-in contrast to the hypoperfusion observed in stroke patients. CONCLUSION: The use of perfusion CT accurately detected hyperperfusion in status epilepticus presenting as stroke. In such cases, perfusion CT imaging avoided the administration of potentially harmful thrombolytic therapy to patients experiencing seizures due to different underlying etiologies.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对星形细胞肿瘤分级的准确性评价

目的 评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像(CTP)参数对星形细胞肿瘤分级的敏感性和特异性.方法 对第三军医大学第三附属医院野战外科研究所收治的53例脑肿瘤患者进行CTP检查,经手术和病理学证实为星形细胞肿瘤的30例患者纳入研究对象.CTP采用GE LightSpeed 64层螺旋CT机行灌注扫描,在AW4.2P后处理工作站对原始数据进行后处理,测定肿瘤最大灌注区和对侧正常组织的脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及毛细血管表面通透性(PS).手术获取脑肿瘤标本进行组织病理学检查.结果 星形细胞肿瘤高级别组CBF、CBV和PS值均明显高于低级别组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MTT值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析表明,CBF、CBV和PS值对鉴别高、低级别星形细胞肿瘤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.914、0.876和0.914,而MTT无鉴别作用,其ROC曲线下面积为0.455.采用CBF=62.635 mL/(100 g·min),CBV=4.310 mL/100 g和PS=5.925 mL/(100 g·min)作为分界点鉴别高、低级别星形细胞肿瘤的敏感性均为84.2%,特异性分别是81.8%、81.8%和91.9%.结论 多层螺旋CTP参数CBF、CBV及PS值对鉴别高、低级别星形细胞肿瘤具有较高敏感性和特异性.     

Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics with perfusion CT]

We report on the evaluation of cerebral ischemic lesions with perfusion CT. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT) of 52 patients mostly with ischemic cerebrovascular disease were analysed using the box-modulation transfer function method with 30 ml of contrast medium intravenously injected at 5 ml/sec. CBF, CBV and MTT of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory were 43.5 +/- 4.6 ml/100 g/min, 1.9 +/- 0.2 ml/100 g and 2.9 +/- 0.6 seconds at the unaffected side, and 37.7 +/- 7.3 ml/100 g/min, 2.1 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g, 3.7 +/- 0.9 seconds at the lesion side with stenosis or occlusion in the main MCA trunks or internal carotid artery, respectively. A statistically significant difference was shown in CBF and MTT values. Furthermore, there was a close correlation in CBF values of MCA territories between Xe-CT and perfusion CT (r = 0.645, n = 76, p < 0.0001). MTT showed a positive correlation with CBV in those subjects when MTT was below 4.1 seconds (r = 0.526, p < 0.0001, n = 83). MTT also showed a negative correlation with CBF in those patients when MTT indicated more than 4.1 seconds (r = 0.818, p < 0.001, n = 21). These results suggest that the progression of cerebral ischemia may be classified in 4 stages using perfusion CT. The stages are as follows: stage 0; normal CBF without prolonged MTT and increased CBV, stage 1; relatively increased CBV, stage 2; significantly prolonged MTT, and stage 3; significantly decreased CBF with prolonged MTT.     

320排CT灌注成像对矢状窦旁脑膜瘤诊治的价值

目的探讨矢状窦旁脑膜瘤320排CT灌注成像方法,评估其对该脑膜瘤诊治的价值。方法对38例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者术前行320排CT检查,将容积数据导人Toshiba公司的4D-Perfusion专门软件包进行后处理,得出灌注图像及参数,包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP)。结果 38例灌注图像均可以清晰显示肿瘤的大小、轮廓。瘤组织CBF、CBV、TTP分别是(778.1±104.2)ml/100ml·min、(81.7±20.4)ml/100ml、(18.9±1.1)s,均明显高于正常脑组织(P<0.01);瘤组织MTT是(7.4±2.2)s,与正常脑组织无明显差别(P>0.05)。灌注成像与CTA图像融合能清晰显示供血动脉、肿瘤组织、脑组织、引流静脉及与矢状窦的关系。结论 320排CT灌注成像为矢状窦旁脑膜瘤血流灌注的定量研究提供了新的方法,对了解肿瘤内部血流状态及微血管的改变有一定的价值。灌注成像与CTA图像融合对矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术有指导意义。