原发性开角型及慢性闭角型青光眼患者视盘毛细血管密度和视野缺损的关联性研究

目的 本研究旨在通过分析原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者和慢性原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者的视盘毛细血管密度与视野缺损的相关性,探讨视盘毛细血管密度在青光眼诊断和病情评估中的价值。方法 纳入2017年9月2018年9月我院收治的POAG患者90例(90眼)作为POAG组,慢性PACG患者75例(75眼)作为PACG组,2组的年龄、性别和视野平均缺损(MD)值进行了匹配。此外,纳入同期性别、年龄匹配的60位健康体检者60眼作为对照组。检测所有参与者的视盘毛细血管密度、视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度及视野缺损情况。结果 POAG和PACG患者的平均RNFL厚度和平均毛细血管密度均显著低于正常人(P<0.05),而POAG患者和PACG患者的平均RNFL厚度和平均毛细血管密度差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于POAG患者,其视盘上方、下方、颞侧和全区的RNFL厚度与视野MD值呈负相关(r=-0.525,-0.462,-0.246,-0.453,P均<0.05),但是鼻侧的RNFL厚度与视野MD值无相关性(r=-0.198,P>0.05)。4个区域和全区的毛细血管密度与视野MD值均呈显著负相关(r=-0.341,-0.426,-0.285,-0.298,-0.557,P均<0.05)。对于PACG患者,仅上方、下方和全区的RNFL厚度与视野MD值相关(r=-0.543,-0.604,-0.448,P均<0.05),但是4个区域及全区的毛细血管密度均与视野MD值显著相关(r=-0.613,-0.494,-0.179,-0.413,-0.589,P均<0.05)。结论 视盘毛细血管密度与POAG和PACG患者的视野缺损相关,视盘毛细血管密度的变化对于青光眼的诊断和病情评估有重要的参考价值。     

Comparing glaucomatous optic neuropathy in primary open angle and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma eyes by optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To comparatively evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in normal subjects, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG) patients. METHODS: A total of 138 normal eyes (138 subjects) and 139 glaucomatous eyes (139 patients), were evaluated in this cross-sectional observational study. The ONH was imaged on OCT using the optic disc scan. Disc area, cup area, rim area, vertical integrated rim area (VIRA), rim volume (horizontal integrated rim volume), average cup/disc ratio, horizontal and vertical cup/disc ratios, and cup volume were evaluated. Additionally, cup depth and slope of the temporal ONH were also measured. These ONH parameters were compared between normal subjects and eyes with early POAG and CPACG. Correlation of mean deviation and corrected pattern standard deviation on full threshold 30-2 perimetry, with measured ONH parameters was carried out amongst the two groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in disc area (2.38 +/- 0.5, 2.77 +/- 0.4, 2.62 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p < 0.01), cup area (0.88 +/- 0.6, 1.99 +/- 0.7, 1.60 +/- 0.7 mm(2), p < 0.01), rim area (1.48 +/- 0.4, 0.86 +/- 0.4, 0.96 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p < 0.01), VIRA (1.64 +/- 0.3, 1.23 +/- 0.3, 1.22 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p < 0.01), rim volume (0.34 +/- 0.2, 0.1 +/- 0.1, 0.15 +/- 0.1 mm(3), p < 0.01) and cup/disc ratio (0.36 +/- 0.2, 0.69 +/- 0.1, 0.63 +/- 0.2, p < 0.01) in normal vs POAG vs CPACG eyes respectively. A comparison of ONH parameters between early POAG and early CPACG showed a significant difference in the disc area (2.85 +/- 0.3, 2.57 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p = 0.03), cup area (2 +/- 0.5, 1.34 +/- 0.5 mm(2), p < 0.01), rim area (0.96 +/- 0.4, 1.21 +/- 0.5 mm(2), p = 0.009), rim volume (0.12 +/- 0.1, 0.18 +/- 0.1 mm(3), p < 0.01) and cup/disc ratio (0.67 +/- 0.1, 0.53 +/- 0.2, p < 0.01). The parameters with the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic (AROC) curves for differentiating normal and early POAG eyes were rim volume, 0.89, VIRA, 0.84, and rim area, 0.76. The AROC values (normal vs early CPACG eyes) were 0.75 for rim volume, 0.72 for VIRA, and 0.66 for rim area. CONCLUSION: OCT may serve as a useful diagnostic modality in distinguishing a normal optic disc from a glaucomatous one, even in the early stages of glaucoma. Rim volume, VIRA and rim area can be used to differentiate normal from early glaucoma (both early POAG and CPACG), and most efficiently early POAG eyes. CPACG eyes have smaller discs, a smaller cup, smaller cup/disc ratio, and a larger rim area when compared with eyes with POAG.     

Structural measurements and vessel density of spectral-domain optic coherence tomography in early, moderate, and severe primary angle-closure glaucoma

AIM: To compare the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve head (ONH) parameters, and retinal vessel density (VD) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and analyze the correlations between them in the early, moderate, severe primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and normal eyes. METHODS: Totally 70 PACG eyes and 20 normal eyes were recruited for this retrospective analysis. PACG eyes were further separated into early, moderate, or severe PACG eyes using the Enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (GSS2). The GCIPL thickness, RNFL thickness, ONH parameters, and retinal VD were measured by SD-OCT, differences among the groups and correlations within the same group were calculated. RESULTS: The inferior and superotemporal sectors of the GCIPL thickness, rim area of ONH, average and inferior sector of the retinal VD were significantly reduced (all P<0.05) in the early PACG eyes compared to the normal and the optic disc area, cup to disc ratio (C/D), and cup volume were significantly higher (all P<0.05); but the RNFL was not significant changes in early and moderate PACG. In severe group, the GCIPL and RNFL thickness were obvious thinning with retinal VD were decreasing as well as C/D and cup volume increasing than other three groups (all P<0.01). In the early PACG subgroup, there were significant positive correlations between retinal VD and GCIPL thickness (except superonasal and inferonasal sectors, r=0.573 to 0.641, all P<0.05), superior sectors of RNFL thickness (r=0.055, P=0.049). More obvious significant positive correlations were existed in moderate PACG eyes between retinal VD and superior sectors of RNFL thickness (r=0.650, P=0.022), and temporal sectors of RNFL thickness (r=0.740, P=0.006). In the severe PACG eyes, neither GCIPL nor RNFL thickness was associated with retinal VD. CONCLUSION: The ONH damage and retinal VD loss appears earlier than RNFL thickness loss in PACG eyes. As the PACG disease progressed from the early to the moderate stage, the correlations between the retinal VD and RNFL thickness increases.     

频域OCT视盘形态及神经纤维层厚度参数在青光眼诊断中的作用μ

背景青光眼是一种可引起视神经结构改变,继而导致不可逆视功能损害的一类疾病。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）通过对视盘形态以及神经纤维层的检测,有助于青光眼的早期诊断。目的探讨频域OCT视盘形态及神经纤维层厚度各参数在青光眼诊断中的作用。方法非干预性、横断面研究。应用频域RTVue OCT测量62例正常人和67例青光眼患者的视盘参数,以及视网膜各区域的神经纤维层厚度。用受试者工作特性曲线下面积（ROC）评价OCT每个检测参数区分正常眼与青光眼的能力大小。结果各型青光眼组患者的年龄明显大于正常组,各型青光眼组视野平均缺损（MD）和视野模式标准化差（PSD）值均明显大于正常组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。正常组、青光眼组、开角型青光眼组和闭角型青光眼组间视盘面积的总体差异均无统计学意义（P=0．101、0．741、0．652）;正常人平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度为（109．758±9．095）μm,青光眼患者为（79．539±18．986）μm,明显低于正常人（P〈0．01）。在视盘周围8个神经纤维层区域中,正常人最厚的区域在颞下方和颞上方,分别为（150．109±18．007）μm和（146．105±15．529）μm,而青光眼患者最厚处在颞上方和颞下方,分别为（104．354±27．641）μm和（102．436±32．243）μm,但均较正常参数减小。正常人和青光眼患者鼻侧和颞侧视网膜神经纤维层厚度均较薄。视盘参数中,各型青光眼诊断效能最高的是盘沿容积和垂直杯盘比,二者的ROC值在总青光眼患者中分别为0．850和0．840,其特异性在80％时的敏感性分别为73．1％和76．1％,在开角型青光眼患者中分别为0．841和0．849,其特异性在80％时的敏感性分别为73．0％和81．1％,在闭角型青光眼患者中分别为0．862和0．830,其特异性在80％时的敏感性分别为73．3％和70．O％。视网膜神经纤维层厚度各参数中,诊断效能最高的是平均神经纤维层厚度,其ROC值在总青光眼、开角型青光眼、闭角型青光眼中分别为0．925、0．910和0．942,其特异性在80％时的敏感性分别为89．6％、89．2％和90．0％。视盘周围8个神经纤维层区域中,诊断效能最高的是IT区域,诊断效能最低的是TU和TL区域。结论RTVueOCT具有很好地区别正常人和青光眼患者的能力,在青光眼诊断方面是一个较实用的工具。     

高眼压性和正常眼压性原发性开角型青光眼视神经损害特征的比较

目的探讨高眼压性原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)和正常眼压性青光眼(NTG)患者视神经损害的不同特点。方法应用德国Heidelberg公司生产的视网膜断层扫描仪对高眼压性POAG39例(47只眼)和NTG32例(38只眼)进行定量视盘参数和神经纤维层检查,并行眼底立体照相观察视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)缺损类型,检测静态定量视野,并对检查结果进行比较。结果(1)NTG组视盘总体参数和分区(除颞侧外)盘沿面积、沿/盘面积小于高眼压性POAG组,而C/D大于高眼压性POAG组;平均RNFL厚度和RNFL面积在颞下和颞上小于高眼压性POAG组;总体盘沿容积小于高眼压性POAG组,总体平均视杯深度和颞下视杯面积大于高眼压性POAG组,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<005)。两组颞侧视盘各参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>005)。(2)RNFL缺损类型高眼压性POAG组RNFL弥漫性缺损占5319%,局限性缺损占426%;NTG组弥漫性缺损占2105%,局限性缺损占5526%。两组RNFL缺损类型构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<001)。结论NTG较高眼压性POAG具有较大的C/D值、C/D面积比和窄盘沿面积,RNFL丢失严重。高眼压性POAG患者的RNFL以弥漫性缺损为主,NTG患者的RNFL以局限性缺损为主。两者视神经损害具有不同特点,其损害机制可能不同。(中华眼科杂志,2005,41136140)     

POAG早期上下半视盘视网膜神经纤维层的不对称性变化

目的：：探讨原发性开角型青光眼( primary open angle glaucoma, POAG)早期上下半视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)的变化特征。方法：临床观察研究,研究对象为2012-05/2014-05在我院门诊确诊为原发性开角型青光眼早期患者30例39眼和健康成人20例40眼,使用Humphrey视野计和光学相干断层成像术( optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查,分别记录视野平均缺损( mean defect,MD)、青光眼半视野检测( glaucoma hemifield test, GHT)、眼压、C/D比值及视盘周围FNFL厚度。使用SPSS 18.0统计软件对测量值进行统计分析,计量资料组间比较采用t检验。结果：两组上半视盘各钟点位的RNFL厚度减去下半视盘相对应钟点位的RNFL厚度,两组间比较,仅上鼻-下鼻的差值具有统计学意义(t=2.526,P=0.014),其余上下半视盘相对应钟点位RNFL厚度的差值比较,两组间均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论：原发性开角型青光眼早期上下半视盘周围RNFL存在不对称性变化,上鼻部位(右眼1：00位,左眼11：00位)的RNFL较下鼻部位(右眼5：00位,左眼7：00位)的RNFL更容易受损变薄。     

光学相干断层扫描技术在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨利用光学相干断层扫描技术(optical coherence tomography, OCT)测量视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)厚度、视盘形态和黄斑区视网膜厚度在原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma, POAG)早期诊断中的应用价值。

方法：选取2016-01/2017-06本院收治的POAG 患者65例85眼作为研究组, 随机选取同期在本院进行身体检查的健康者52例78眼作为对照组,采用OCT测量视乳头旁RNFL厚度、黄斑区视网膜厚度和视盘参数包括杯/盘比(C/D)、视杯面积(cup area, CA)、视杯容积(cup volume, CV)、视盘面积(disc area, DA)、盘沿面积(rim area, RA)和盘沿容积(rim volume, RV),并对检测结果进行比较分析。

结果：研究组视乳头旁RNFL厚度在上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧和均值均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001); 研究组CA、CV、C/D明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而DA、RV明显小于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),DA则略小于正常对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组黄斑区视网膜厚度在上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。

结论：OCT能够定量客观检测RNFL厚度、黄斑区视网膜厚度和视盘参数,这有助于POAG的早期诊断。     

原发性青光眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度和视盘周围血管密度分析

目的探讨原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度、视盘周围血管密度(circumpapillary vascular density,cpVD)及视野平均敏感度(mean sensitivity,MS)之间的关系,以了解两种疾病本质是否有差异。方法选取2016年7月至2018年7月本院就诊的POAG患者120例(120眼)及与POAG患者年龄、视野平均缺损(mean deviation,MD)相匹配的120例(120眼)PACG患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)检测平均RNFL厚度、cpVD及不同方向[上方颞侧(superotemporal,ST)、上方鼻侧(superonasal,SN)、鼻上(nasoupper,NU)、鼻下(nasolower,NL)、下方鼻侧(inferonasal,IN)、下方颞侧(inferotemoporal,IT)、颞下(temporolower,TL)、颞上(temporoupper,TU)] RNFL厚度,采...     

Topographic changes at the optic disc in 33 patients with primary open angle glaucoma

AIM: To show frequency of progression and the progression at the optic disc in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: A total of 33 patients (66 eyes), 14 male and 19 female, aged 14 to 79 with POAG were imaged using the Heidelberg Retina Tomography II (HRT II) three or more times during follow-up periods of 6 years (2000-2006). Disc progression was determined by regression analysis of global and segmental changes in optic disc parameters. Every patient was tested by Octopus G1 once a year. Imaged optic disc parameters with scanning laser tomography were: rim area (ra), cup/disc (C/D), rim volume (rv), mean RNFL thickness (mRNFL). Imaged segments of the optic disc were global (G), temporal (T), temporal superior (TS), temporal inferior (TI), nasal (N), nasal superior (NS) and nasal inferior (NI). RESULTS: Global frequency of progression according to c/d ratio existed in 34 eyes (51%), but 32 eyes (48%) were without frequency of progression. Progression existed in 12 eyes (18%) in temporal, 7 eyes (10.6%) in TS, 14 eyes (21%) in TI, 8 eyes (12%) in N, 7 eyes (10.6%) in NS, and 13 eyes (20%) in NI segment. Without progression were 5 eyes (8%). CONCLUSION: Disc progression in our study is mostly in N and TI segments. Most frequently are stricken TI and NI, but most infrequently NS segment. Most sensitive parameter is c/d ratio. Segmental scanning is of importance in POAG progression analysis.     

Evaluation of visual field changes with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in primary congenital glaucoma

Purpose:To evaluate visual field changes in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness on optical coherence tomography.Methods:In this cross-sectional, observational study, consecutive PCG children who underwent combined trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy and on regular follow-up were enrolled. All patients were aged over four years and co-operative for RNFL OCT and visual field examination. Perimetry was done on Humphrey visual field (HVF) analyzer using 30-2 and 10-2 SITA standard algorithms as appropriate. If a reliable automated perimetry was not feasible, kinetic perimetry was done. The following were noted at baseline and every follow-up: age, sex, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), cup–disc ratio (CDR), corneal diameters, refraction, any topical antiglaucoma medications, surgeries underwent, age at surgery and duration between surgery and final examination.Results:Forty-eight eyes of 34 children operated for PCG and 19 eyes of 17 controls were analyzed. A statistically significant thinner average RNFL thickness of 87.2 ± 28 μm was noted in PCG eyes as compared to controls with 100.6 ± 7.2 μm (P = 0.04). The mean cup–disc area ratio on OCT in PCG eyes was 0.43 ± 0.2 (0.02–0.93) and in control eyes was 0.23 ± 0.07 (0.1–0.4) (P < 0.001). On RNFL OCT, there was significant focal RNFL loss in temporal superior (P = 0.003), nasal inferior (P = 0.037) and temporal inferior (P < 0.001) quadrants compared to controls. Among PCG eyes, 20/48 eyes (41.7%), had definitive, reproducible glaucomatous VF defects. Mean baseline IOP in PCG eyes with VF defect was 28.7 ± 5.7 mmHg and in eyes with normal VF was 24.6 ± 5.9 mmHg (P = 0.03). On univariate regression analysis, higher baseline IOP was significantly associated with both RNFL loss (odds ratio (OR): −2.17) and VF defects (OR: 3.35). Fluctuation in follow-up IOP (OR: 3.33) was also significantly associated with the presence of VF defects. On multivariable regression analysis maximum, IOP was significantly associated with RNFL loss and VF defects.Conclusion:Peripapillary RNFL thickness could be used to identify PCG eyes having visual field loss and possibly poor visual function from PCG eyes without visual field defects. Baseline and follow-up IOP, significantly correlated with RNFL thickness in PCG eyes.     

Optic disc morphology in pigmentary glaucoma

AIM—To evaluate the morphology of the optic nerve head in eyes with pigmentary glaucoma.
METHODS—Colour stereo optic disc photographs of 62 patients with pigmentary glaucoma and 566 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were morphometrically evaluated. By prestudy selection, mean visual field defect and neuroretinal rim area were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.89 and p=0.45).
RESULTS—The pigmentary glaucoma group did not vary significantly (p >0.10) from the primary open angle glaucoma group in size and shape of the optic disc, configuration of neuroretinal rim, depth of optic cup, area of alpha zone of parapapillary atrophy, diameter of retinal vessels at the disc border, and frequency of disc haemorrhages and localised retinal nerve fibre layer defects. The beta zone of parapapillary atrophy was slightly, but not statistically significantly (p=0.06), smaller in the pigmentary glaucoma group. The mean maximal intraocular pressure and mean intraocular pressure amplitude were significantly (p<0.001) higher in the pigmentary glaucoma group.
CONCLUSIONS—In contrast with the characteristic morphology of the anterior segment and despite significantly higher intraocular pressure peaks and a larger pressure amplitude, eyes with pigmentary glaucoma compared with eyes with primary open angle glaucoma do not show a pathognomonic morphology of the optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer. The slightly smaller beta zone of parapapillary atrophy may correspond to higher intraocular pressure in pigmentary glaucoma.

Keywords: optic disc morphology; pigmentary glaucoma; secondary open angle glaucoma     

早期原发性开角型青光眼视盘血流密度的分析研究

目的:探讨早期原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)、高眼压症患者和健康者的视盘血流密度的差异。方法:横断面研究。收集2019-01/2021-04于福州东南眼科医院青光眼科门诊就诊患者,早期POAG组45例70眼,其中男32例49眼,女13例21眼,年龄48.50(26.75,64.50)岁,高眼压症组37例65眼,其中男17例29眼,女20例36眼,年龄37.00(27.00,47.00)岁,健康组51例94眼,其中男23例39眼,女28例55眼,年龄46.00(34.50,56.50)岁。分别对三组进行常规的眼科检查包括最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、视野、视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFL)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)等,通过光相干断层扫描血管成像检查(OCTA)采集并测量三组的视盘中心区、内层区、外层区和完整区的视盘血流密度。结果:三组眼压比较有差异(H=146.876,P<0.001),早期POAG组和高眼压症组与健康组的眼压值有差异(均P<0.01),早期POAG组和高眼压症组患者的眼压无差异(P=0.132)。早期POAG组和高眼压症组的BCVA、RNFL、MD值比较有差异(P=0.005、0.01、<0.01),早期POAG组和健康组两者的BCVA、RNFL、MD值比较有差异(P=0.013、<0.01、<0.01),高眼压症组和健康组两者的BCVA、RNFL、MD值比较无差异(P=1.000、0.660、1.000)。早期POAG组和健康组之间CCT无差异(P=0.074),早期POAG组和高眼压症组之间CCT比较有差异(P=0.006),高眼压症组和健康组之间CCT比较有差异(P<0.01)在中心区、内层区、完整区,早期POAG组和高眼压症组的血流密度比较有差异(均P<0.01),早期POAG组和健康组的血流密度比较有差异(均P<0.01),高眼压症组和健康组比较无差异(均P=1.000)。在外层区,早期POAG组和健康组的血流密度比较有差异(P=0.001),高眼压症组和早期POAG组及健康组比较有差异(P=0.067、0.877)。结论:早期POAG的视盘血流密度相比高眼压症和健康者是减少的,与视野MD、RNFL参数的变化是相一致的,早期POAG视盘不同区域血流密度均减少。     

原发性开角型青光眼视盘形态变化分析33例(英文)

目的:分析原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)视盘损害的进展和进展频率。方法:33例(66眼)POAG患者,男14例,女19例,年龄14 ～79岁,在随访的6a间(2000/2006),3次或更多次进行海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪Ⅱ(HRT Ⅱ)检查。对整体和节段的视盘参数进行回归分析判断视盘损害的进展。患者每年进行Octopus G1计算机视野分析检查一次。激光扫描视盘图像参数包括:盘沿面积(ra),杯盘比(C/D),盘沿体积(rv),平均视神经纤维层厚度(mRNFL)。扫描视神经的节段包括总体(G),颞侧(T),颞上(TS),颞下(TI),鼻侧(N),鼻上方(NS)和鼻下(NI)。结果:根据杯盘比C/D,总体上有34眼(51%)视盘损害进展,32眼(48%)没有进展。12眼(18%)颞侧(T),7眼(10.6%)颞上,14眼(21%)颞下,8眼(12%)鼻侧,7眼(10,6%)鼻上,13眼(20%)鼻下,视盘损害进展。5眼(8%)没有进展。结论:在鼻侧(N)及颞下方(TI)视盘损害进展最多,进展频率最高在颞下方(TI)和鼻下方(NI),频率最低在鼻上方(NI)。杯盘比C/D最敏感。节段扫描对POAG进展分析有重要意义。     

Long-term perimetric stabilization with a management algorithm of set target intraocular pressure in different severities of primary angle-closure glaucoma

Purpose:To evaluate long-term perimetric stabilization at set Target (IOPs) in primary angle-closure glaucoma with visual field defects.Methods:Two hundred forty-eight eyes, of 124 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients on medical treatment, and 124 eyes, of 95 patients after trabeculectomy performed at least 5 years prior were evaluated. One hundred eighty-five eyes had a follow-up of ≥10 years. Target IOPs for mild, moderate, and severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy were set at ≤18, ≤15, and ≤12 mmHg, respectively. Progression was evaluated by event-based changes on guided progression analysis. Primary outcome measure was therapy required to achieve individualized Target IOP. Secondary outcome measure was assessment of perimetric change over time.Results:Mean baseline IOP was 23.34 ± 6.16 mmHg in medically treated and 36.08 ± 9.73 mmHg in surgically treated eyes (P = 0.0001). All eyes with a baseline IOP of <25 mmHg were on medications alone, 65.33%, of those with a baseline IOP of 25–30 mmHg were on medications, while 34.67% required trabeculectomy. In total, 91.4% of eyes with a baseline IOP of >30 mmHg underwent a trabeculectomy for achieving Target IOP. Perimetric stabilization was achieved in 98.17% of PACG eyes. “Target” IOP was achieved for mild, moderate, and severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy, medically in 90.2, 73.9, and 29.7%, and surgery was required in 9.8, 26.1, and 70.3%, respectively. Overall analysis found that percentage reduction in IOP was significantly more after trabeculectomy than medical treatment, 64.16 ± 14.91 and 43.61 ± 13.73%, P = 0.0001. Decrease in IOP was significantly greater 5–9 years after trabeculectomy, in comparison to ≥10 years, P = 0.001.Conclusion:Medications controlled IOP to “Target” in PACG eyes with mild and moderate glaucoma for over ≥10 years, when the baseline IOP off treatment was <30 mmHg. Trabeculectomy was necessary in PACG eyes having severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy, or with a baseline IOP of >30 mmHg to achieve Target IOP. These appropriate initial therapeutic interventions and Target IOPs are therefore suggested as a clinically validated algorithm of care for different severities of PACG.     

合并近视的原发性开角型青光眼视盘形态和视网膜神经纤维层改变

目的 探讨合并近视的原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma with myopia,M-POAG)视盘形态和视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)改变的特点及其临床意义。 方法 对38例63只合并近视[(－6.92±3.79)D]、高眼压性[(32.00±9.36) mm　Hg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG)作眼底彩色照相,利用计算机图像分析设备分析视盘形态及RNFL 缺损的变化,并与单纯原发性开角型青光眼(simple primary open-angle glaucoma,S-POAG)的相应临床检查资料进行比较。 结果 M-POAG视盘形态和RNFL萎缩除具有与S-POAG相同的一般表现外,尚有其特征性改变：视盘呈椭圆形(垂直或水平)、斜入及部分缺损形,色泽苍白;视杯形态各异,呈碟形(28.6%)、垂直形(25.4%)、倾斜形(23.8%)、锅形(9.5%)及局限与同心圆形等;盘沿面积及杯/盘横径比值显著低于S-POAG组(P<0.05,P＜0.001)。视盘凹陷偏心 多向下方。RNFL局限性萎缩主要出现在下方视网膜;弥漫性RNFL萎缩与合并高度近视的中后期POAG视野缺损密切相关(P<0.005)。 结论 M-POAG的视盘形态特征以及RNFL改变特点有助于在合并高度近视的POAG中的临床诊断。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:81-84)     

原发性开角型和闭角型青光眼眼压降低前后视盘改变和筛板顺应性的对比研究

目的比较降跟压前后原发性慢性闭角型青光眼（PACG）与原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的视盘结构改变,了解两者间筛板顺应性是否存在差异。设计前瞻性对比研究。研究对象PACG36例49眼和POAG35例49眼。方法眼压降低前全部患者进行海德堡视网膜断层扫描（HRT—II）及Humphrey静态视野检查。根据病情选择手术、激光或药物治疗,使眼压降至正常范围。眼压降低后1个月重复HRT检查和视野检查。比较POAG和PACG眼压降低前后HRT视盘参数的变化,采用多元线性逐步回归法校正治疗前眼压、眼压降低幅度、年龄、杯盘比等因素影响。主要指标眼压降低前后HRT视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、平均视杯深度的差值。结果PACG及POAG组的视杯面积、视杯容积、平均视杯深度等指标在眼压降低后均明显降低（P〈0．05）,盘沿面积在眼压降低后均明显增加（P〈0．05）。视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、平均视杯深度在跟压降低前后的差值两组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。眼压降低前后这4个参数的差值与眼压降低幅度及杯盘比有关（P〈0．05）;与年龄及治疗前眼压无关（P〉0．05）。结论眼压降低后青光眼视盘形态结构有一定回复;但在PACG和POAG间,视盘形态结构回复的程度无明显差异,PACG和POAG的筛板顺应性可能无差异。（眼科,2009,18：264—269）     

OCT测量RNFL厚度在PACG早期诊断中的应用

目的：探究频域光学相干断层成像技术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度在原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)早期诊断中的应用。

方法：本次研究对象为2015-04/2017-04于我院诊断与治疗PACG患者100例174眼,根据视野损伤程度由轻到重分为早期组(30例50眼)、进展组(45例78眼)与晚期组(25例46眼); 同时选择年龄、性别配对的健康体检人员30例60眼,设为对照组。入组后进行常规检查; OCT检查平均RNFL厚度,采用全自动视野计检查各组视野情况,分析RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损(mean defect,MD)相关性,并比较各组上、下、鼻侧、颞侧各象限RNFL厚度。

结果：四组入试者平均RNFL厚度差异具有统计学意义,对照组显著高于PACG患者组,早期组显著高于进展组与晚期组,进展组显著高于晚期组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 四组入试者视野MD差异具有统计学意义,对照组显著低于PACG患者组,早期组显著低于进展组与晚期组,进展组显著低于晚期组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 早期组、进展组和晚期组RNFL厚度与视野MD呈负相关(r=-0.546、-0.654、-0.864,均P<0.05),对照组RNFL厚度与视野MD无相关性(r=-0.075,P=0.321); PACG患者上方、下方RNFL厚度显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),进展组与晚期组鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),早期组与对照组鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：随着病情加重PACG患者RNFL逐渐变薄,RNFL与视野MD呈负相关,RNFL能够客观反映PACG视神经损害程度,检测上方、下方RNFL厚度对PACG早期诊断具有一定的运用价值。     

Long-term evaluation of trabeculectomy in primary open angle glaucoma and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma in an Asian population

Purpose: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the long‐term results of trabeculectomy in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG) in an Asian population. Methods: Yearly diurnal measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), best‐corrected visual acuity, optic disc and visual field records of patients having primary adult glaucomas who had undergone trabeculectomy, without anti­mitotic agents, with a minimum of 5 years follow up were evaluated. Only one eye of each patient was studied. The success rates for IOP control in POAG and CPACG were statistically analysed. Results: Sixty‐four eyes of 64 patients were studied. The overall probability of success of trabeculectomy in controlling IOP to ≤21 mmHg with or without additional topical antiglaucoma medication was 0.94 and 0.88 at 5 and 10 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualified and absolute success rates for IOP control between POAG and CPACG eyes (log rank test P= 0.6, 0.88, respectively). Twelve of 38 CPACG eyes had a two‐line decrease in visual acuity as compared to four of 26 POAG eyes (P = 0.17). Progression or development of a cataract was the most common cause of visual decline. Conclusions: Trabeculectomy without antimetabolite use appears to be efficacious in lowering IOP and in visual field preservation over a period of 10 years in both POAG and CPACG. Development/progression of cataract especially in eyes with chronic angle closure glaucoma after trabeculectomy must be considered an important issue.     

应用SD-OCT纵向比较正常人群和青光眼进展及非进展人群的RNFL厚度

目的：应用频域光学相干断层扫描（ spectral－domain optical coherence tomography ,SD－OCT）纵向比较正常人群、青光眼进展及非进展人群的视网膜神经纤维层（ retinal nerve fiber layer ,RNFL）厚度。方法：应用SD－OCT对36例POAG患者和24例正常人监测RNFL厚度。受试者行视盘OCT、眼底照相及视野检查,每6mo一次,随访2a,至少有4次可信的OCT检查结果。根据视野及眼底照相结果将POAG患者划分为进展组和非进展组。分析各组RNFL厚度变化差异,同视野参数变化值做相关性分析。结果：平均随访2．1±0．3 a。17例被确定为POAG进展组。POAG进展组平均RNFL厚度损失速率明显高于POAG非进展组（2．46μm／a vs 1．21μm／a,P＜0．001）。下方RNFL厚度变化同视野平均偏差（ mean deviation ,MD）变化相关性最佳（r＝0．423,P＝0．03）。结论：应用SD－OCT纵向监测RNFL厚度, POAG进展者RNFL厚度丢失速率明显增高,下方RNFL厚度参数变化可能在监测中意义较大。     

基于视网膜神经纤维层厚度及神经节细胞复合体诊断POAG的效能分析

目的：比较原发性开角型青光眼( primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)与正常对照组盘周视网膜神经纤维层厚度( retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,RNFL)及黄斑区神经节细胞复合体( ganglion cell complex,GCC)厚度差异,并评价盘周 RNFL 厚度及黄斑 GCC 厚度在 POAG 中的诊断价值。
　　方法：采用横断面研究。连续的POAG患者56例纳入研究。选择同期年龄、性别、屈光度及眼轴匹配的正常人60名60眼作为正常对照组。用RTVue-100光学相干断层扫描技术( optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测并比较POAG组及对照组盘周RNFL厚度及黄斑GCC厚度。采用受试者工作特征曲线( receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)及ROC曲线下面积( area under curve,AUC)评价盘周 RNFL 厚度及黄斑 GCC 厚度对青光眼的诊断价值。
　　结果：POAG组患者盘周所有象限RNFL均薄于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.001)。 POAG组患者黄斑所有区域GCC厚度均小于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素线性回归分析结果,PAOG诊断是盘周RNFL厚度与黄斑GCC厚度的独立相关因素。 ROC及AUC分析提示：杯盘比AUC值最大( AUC=0.936;95%CI=0.903~0.964),其次为上方 RNFL 厚度( AUC=0.910;95%CI=0.889~9.455),诊断价值高,盘周鼻侧,下方,颞侧RNFL厚度以及黄斑上方,下方平均GCC厚度AUC值均大于0.8,具有较好的诊断价值。
　　结论：POAG患者盘周RNFL厚度与黄斑GCC厚度均明显变薄,变薄的盘周RNFL厚度与黄斑GCC厚度与POAG诊断存在相关性。盘周RNFL厚度与黄斑GCC厚度均有较好的诊断价值。