The Efficacy of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess: A Meta-Analysis

Despite widespread use of antibiotics and surgical procedures for treating peritonsillar abscess (PTA), symptoms of severe inflammation such as pain and trismus during treatment result in patient dissatisfaction. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of systemic steroids on the clinical course of PTA. Two reviewers independently searched the databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database) from inception to December 2014. Studies comparing systemic administration of steroids (steroid group) with placebo (placebo group), where the outcomes of interest were pain, body temperature, hospitalization, and oral intake during the posttreatment period, were included. Baseline study characteristics, study quality data, numbers of patients in the steroid and control groups, and outcomes were extracted. Sufficient data for meta-analysis were retrieved for 3 trials with a total of 153 patients. Pain-related parameters (patient-reported scores and trismus), body temperature, and dysphagia during the first 24 hours after treatment were significantly improved in the steroid group compared with placebo group. The discharge rate during the first 5 days of the posttreatment period was significantly higher in the steroid group than the control group. However, although more patients in the steroid group returned to normal activities and dietary intake at 24 hours after treatment, the differences between the groups were not significant and disappeared after 48 hours. In the treatment of PTA, systemic administration of steroids with antibiotics could reduce pain-related symptoms, as well as provide a benefit with respect to the clinical course. However, further trials with well-designed research methodologies should be conducted to confirm our results.     

2型糖尿病与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellius,T2DM)患者中存在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的高患病率,OSAHS患者又常合并T2DM,二者同时存在,互为加重因素,使心脑血管意外的发生几率大大增加.近期研究指出OSAHS与T2DM存在独立相关性,多种机制可用于解释其相互作用的发生,血浆尾加压素II (urotensin II,UII)、瘦素、Ghrelin、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等在T2DM与OSAHS相关性中起作用.对于T2DM合并OSAHS患者的有效治疗方案存在一定争议,本文就从流行病学、T2DM与OSAHS相互作用的可能机制,目前较多研究的相关性因子,以及对T2DM合并OSAHS的治疗方案选择方面做一综述.     

2型糖尿病听力损害患者与AGEs及APN的相关性研究

目的研究2型糖尿病听力损害患者与晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end products,AGEs）及脂联素（adiponectin,APN)的浓度之间的相互作用关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清AGEs和APN的含量。实验组为糖尿病患者104例,其中糖尿病伴有听力损害者49例（A组）,糖尿病不伴有听力损害患者55例（B组）;对照组为47例健康者（C组）。结果3组受检者体重指数（BMI）、总胆固醇（TC）水平比较,差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);而空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL-C)、甘油三脂( TG)、AGEs、APN水平比较,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05);与C组相比,A组及B组FPG、HbA1c、2hPG、LDL-C、TG、AGEs水平均明显升高,HDL-C、APN均明显降低（P<0.05）;与B组相比,A组AGEs水平升高,APN水平降低（P<0.05）;在糖尿病听力损害患者中,AGEs与FPG、2hPG、LDL-C、HbA1c、糖尿病病程、听力平均值均呈正相关( P<0.05)。APN与BMI、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、糖尿病病程、听力平均值均呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关( P<0.05)。结论血清AGEs、APN与2型糖尿病听力损害的发生及发展具有相关性。临床上AG-Es、APN可作为早期评估糖尿病听力损害及预测其预后的参考指标。     

2型糖尿病患者听力损失的相关因素研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者听力损失的相关因素。方法对95例2型糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)及80例正常对照组进行纯音听力测试,同时对糖尿病组检测颈总动脉内径、颈动脉内膜中层厚度、颈部动脉粥样硬化斑块、空腹血胰岛素含量、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、血小板等7项可能的相关指标,分组比较及应用多自变量Lo-gistic回归分析探讨对听力的影响因素。结果糖尿病组听力异常者检出率为63.16%(60/95),对照组为40.0%(32/80);95例2型糖尿病患者中,听力正常组(35例)与听力减退组(60例)之间的颈总动脉内径、凝血酶原时间、血小板、颈动脉内膜中层厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);42例颈部动脉无斑块者的语频及高频听力减退检出率分别为26.19%(11/42)、47.62%(20/42),而在53例颈部动脉有斑块的患者中分别为47.17%(25/53)、71.70%(38/53),均明显高于无斑块者(P<0.05),且高频听力减退更明显;Logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉内膜中层厚度、血小板、凝血酶原时间、空腹血胰岛素含量为2型糖尿病患者听力损失的相关因素。结论 2型糖尿病患者中有颈部动脉粥样硬化、高凝血倾向及高胰岛素水平者听力损失比例高。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并2型糖尿病患者血清Nesfatin-1的变化及意义

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者血清Nesfatin-1的变化及意义。方法　收集2014年12月～2015年4月就诊于我院耳鼻咽喉科、呼吸科、内分泌科、体检中心及睡眠监测室的25例OSAHS患者（OSAHS组）、OSAHS合并T2DM患者（OSAHS合并T2DM组）和25例对照组为研究对象。所有受试者均进行整夜7h的多道睡眠图监测,并测量研究对象的身高、腰围、颈围、体质量指数（BMI）,检测各组血清Nesfatin-1水平和空腹血糖（Fasting blood glucose,FBG）水平。结果　各组性别、年龄、身高、腰围、颈围无统计学差异。与对照组比较,OSAHS组和OSAHS合并T2DM组体重及BMI差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;OSAHS合并T2DM组与OSAHS组FPG高于对照组,且OSAHS合并T2DM组高于OSAHS组,且均有统计学差异（P <0.05）;OSAHS合并T2DM组AHI高于OSAHS组,且均有统计学差异（P <0.05）;OSAHS合并T2DM组和OSAHS组血清Nesfatin-1含量高于对照组,且有统计学差异（P <0.05）;FPG、AHI与Nesfatin-1呈正相关。结论　OSAHS合并T2DM患者血清Nesfatin-1存在较高的水平。     

神经纤维瘤病Ⅱ型误诊为双侧视网膜母细胞瘤一例

1临床资料患者,女,15岁。主因“左眼视力下降伴外斜视12年余”于2018年12月入住解放军总医院第一医学中心神经外科。患儿于2005年开始无明显诱因出现左眼视力下降伴外斜视,当时未予相关检查及治疗。上述症状持续缓慢加重,于2008年至某院眼科就诊行相关检查示:“双侧视网膜母细胞瘤、左眼球内占位、右侧视网膜前膜”,并行“双眼底肿物激光封闭术”,术后未行放化疗,治疗后患者左眼视力明显下降,仅存光感。2016年患者突然出现左侧周围性面瘫,左面部电极样疼痛,未予检查及治疗。2018年至某院眼科行检查示:“左眼白内障”,并行“左眼晶状体超声乳化吸除术”。