正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(十八)——拔除磨牙矫治后牙宽度不调

目的：探讨采用拔除磨牙的方法矫治后牙宽度不调的临床疗效。方法：选择设计拔除磨牙矫治的7例骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]伴全牙弓反殆病例,男3例,女4例,年龄15～25岁,平均17．5岁,其中2例拔除下颌第一磨牙（牙冠大部龋坏）,5例拔除下颌第二磨牙,上颌对应拔除第二或第三磨牙。全部病例采用直丝弓矫治器矫治。矫治时间12～28个月,平均18个月。结果：所有病例矫治结束时均建立磨牙中性关系和前后牙正常覆[牙合]覆盖关系,2例病例需追踪观察第三磨牙的萌出和建[牙合]情况。结论：拔除磨牙矫治后牙宽度不调取得了良好的矫治效果。     

骨性Ⅱ类高角型开[牙合]拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙矫治的临床研究

目的用回顾分析方法,评价拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙矫治骨性Ⅱ类高角型开[牙合]的临床疗效。方法选取12例骨性Ⅱ类开[牙合]病例,男4例,女8例,平均年龄15.6岁,拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙后,使用直丝弓矫治技术对其进行矫正治疗。治疗前后拍摄X线头颅侧位片,并对其进行头影测量分析。结果矫正治疗结束后,12例患者均取得了满意的治疗效果,侧貌明显改善,覆[牙合]覆盖正常,[牙合]平面发生逆时针旋转,下颌平面角变小。结论拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙矫治骨性Ⅱ类开[牙合]临床疗效可靠,效果较稳定。     

正畸治疗中拔除下颌第一磨牙的临床疗效观察

目的探讨拔除下颌第一磨牙病例的正畸治疗方法。方法对28例下颌第一磨牙严重龋坏的错[牙合]畸形患者，拔除1—2颗下颌第一磨牙，选用0．56mm槽沟直丝弓矫治器进行治疗。结果矫治完成时间为13—39月，平均为27．6月。矫治后前牙覆盖、覆[牙合]正常；后牙[牙合]关系良好，所有拔牙间隙关闭，牙根平行，面部侧貌协调。结论在拔除下颌第一磨牙病例中，精心设计、力量合适和方法得当可有效控制下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜或近中舌向扭转。拔除严重龋坏的下颌第一磨牙，同时直立阻生的下颌第三磨牙是保持牙弓完整性的良好选择。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(三十四)——对称拔除双颌非同名磨牙的矫治设计

目的：探讨对称性拔除双颌非同名磨牙矫治各类错[牙合]的效果。方法： 选取设计拔除磨牙进行矫治的错[牙合]畸形病例92例,其中设计对称性拔除双颌非同名磨牙病例17例（男性6例,女性11例）。全部病例采用直丝弓矫治技术矫治。结果：矫治结束时全部病例均达到尖牙和磨牙的中性关系,前牙覆[牙合]覆盖正常,牙根基本平行,软组织侧貌协调。结论：对称性拔除双颌非同名磨牙矫治错[牙合]畸形亦可获得良好的矫治效果。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除与保留(三十二)——下颌第一磨牙减数治疗对骨性开(牙合)患者垂直向关系的影响

目的:观察骨性开(牙合)病例拔除下颌第一磨牙矫治后牙、(牙合)、颅面部垂直向关系的改变.方法:选择开(牙合)范围波及至第二前磨牙或第一磨牙的中、重度骨性开(牙合)患者14例(男6例,女8例),平均年龄(15.2±1.6)岁,拔除下颌第一磨牙后使用直丝弓矫治器进行矫治.对治疗前后的头颅侧位片进行测量分析,比较治疗前后牙、(牙合)、颅面部垂直向关系的变化.结果:骨性开(牙合)患者经下颌第一磨牙减数治疗后SN-MP角和SN-OP角分别减小(3.83±1.12)°、(6.30±2.54)°;UI-PP距和U-MP距分别增加(1.63±0.52)mm、(4.05±1.74)mm;覆(牙合)(OB)增加(5.65±1.84)mm,其变化有统计学意义(p＜0.05).结论:骨性开(牙合)病例通过拔除下颌第一磨牙矫治可消除阻碍下颌向前上旋转的胎接触点,从而使下颌发生逆时针旋转,促进开(牙合)的矫治.矫治中上下颌切牙显著伸长,这对于上下前牙齿槽高度发育不足的病例是有利的.但面对上下前牙齿槽高度发育正常的开(牙合)病例,在矫治设计时要采取措施尽量避免上下颌切牙的过度伸长,以获得满意的治疗效果及术后稳定性.     

骨性Ⅱ类高角型开拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙矫治的临床研究

目的用回顾分析方法,评价拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙矫治骨性Ⅱ类高角型开的临床疗效。方法选取12例骨性Ⅱ类开病例,男4例,女8例,平均年龄15.6岁,拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙后,使用直丝弓矫治技术对其进行矫正治疗。治疗前后拍摄X线头颅侧位片,并对其进行头影测量分析。结果矫正治疗结束后,12例患者均取得了满意的治疗效果,侧貌明显改善,覆覆盖正常,平面发生逆时针旋转,下颌平面角变小。结论拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二磨牙矫治骨性Ⅱ类开临床疗效可靠,效果较稳定。     

拔除龋坏第一磨牙矫治错(牙合)畸形20例临床分析

目的:探讨拔除龋坏第一磨牙进行正畸治疗的可行性和矫治效果.方法:收集20例拔除第一磨牙矫治错(牙合)畸形病例,其第一恒磨牙存在龋坏所致残冠、残根、根尖周炎等情况.男3例,女17例.年龄13.5～22岁,平均年龄15.6岁.20例中,拔除2颗下颌第一磨牙7例,拔除单侧下颌第一磨牙5例,上、下4颗第一磨牙均拔除者2例,拔除上、下颌各1颗第一磨牙2例,拔除1颗上颌第一磨牙4例.全部病例均采用0.018"标准方丝弓或0.018"直丝弓矫治技术.常规粘接托槽,放置合适弓丝,排齐整平牙列,滑动法关闭拔牙间隙,调整咬合关系.结果:20例均达到良好矫治效果,上、下牙排列整齐,前牙覆(牙合)覆盖正常,上、下中线对齐,第一磨牙间隙完全关闭,后牙咬合关系良好,达到了改善咬合功能和美观的目的.结论:拔除龋坏第一磨牙进行错(牙合)畸形矫治,既能保留更多的健康牙,又能达到良好的矫治效果,改善咬合功能和美观,为可行的临床治疗方案.     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(二十二)——拔除磨牙矫治偏(牙合)

目的:分析偏的成因,探讨拔除磨牙矫治偏的方法和临床疗效。方法:选择设计拔除磨牙矫治的6例骨性偏病例,男2例,女4例,年龄15～24岁,口腔检查存在明显的颜面不对称,功能性偏的特征不明显。均采用直丝弓矫治器,矫治时间12～25个月,平均17个月。结果:所有病例矫治结束后均建立磨牙中性关系和前牙正常覆覆盖关系。颜面不对称改善明显。结论:拔除磨牙对偏的矫治效果良好。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(七)——拔除磨牙矫治成人骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)

目的：探讨采用拔除磨牙的方法矫治骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]的疗效。方法：选择12例骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]病例,生长发育均已完成。治疗前后拍摄头颅定位侧位片和口腔全景片。根据磨牙冠根发育状况,结合畸形类型设计拔除第一、第二或第三磨牙。采用直丝弓矫治技术,平均疗程20个月。选择15项软、硬组织头影测量指标,比较矫治前后软硬组织的变化,并进行t检验。结果：矫治前后SNA、SNB无明显改变、U1-LI显著增大、L1-MP显著减小,说明反[牙合]的矫治主要依赖于下前牙的内收直立实现,矫治后鼻唇角显著增大,颏唇角显著减小,使患者的侧貌得到明显改善。结论：对于生长发育完成的成人骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合],选择拔除磨牙的矫治设计对于面型的改善及咬合关系的调整均有很好的效果。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(二十九)——拔除第一磨牙的矫治设计

目的:总结拔除第一磨牙矫治病例的设计特点.方法:46例拔除第一磨牙病例,男12例,女34例,年龄11～40岁,平均25.5岁.全部病例均采用直丝弓矫治器矫治.结果:矫治周期10～28个月,平均17个月.矫治结束时磨牙间隙完全关闭,牙根平行,上下牙列获得良好的牙尖交错关系,中线对齐,前牙覆(牙合)、覆盖正常;面型恢复理想;齿槽及牙根未见吸收现象.结论:对被动拔除的第一磨牙,目前矫治技术已经较成熟,但对于主动拔除第一磨牙矫治设计应主要针对严重的骨性畸形病例,周全考虑.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.