2022年1月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

2022年1月(2022年1月1日0时至1月31日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病627 559例,死亡1 685例.其中,甲类传染病中霍乱报告1例发病、无死亡报告.乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、登革热、白喉、人感染高致病性禽流感和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报...     

2020年2月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

2020年2月(2020年2月1日0时至2月29日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病326628例,死亡3781例。其中,甲类传染病无发病报告,死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、流行性乙型脑炎、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病208539例,较上月(257343例)下降19%,较2019年同期(243083例)下降14%。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为新型冠状病毒肺炎、病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒和淋病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的97%。报告死亡3755例,较上月上升161%(1441例),较2019年同期(1486例)上升181%。     

2022年7月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2022年7月（2022年7月1日0时至7月31日24时）,全国（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）共报告法定传染病1 174 894例,死亡2 003例。其中,甲类传染病中鼠疫报告发病1例,霍乱报告发病10例,无死亡病例报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余23种乙类传染病共报告发病301 292例,较上月（287 693例）上升5%,较2021年同期（305 023例）下降1%。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、布鲁氏菌病和淋病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的93%。报告死亡1 996例,较上月（2 060例）下降3%(64例),较2021年同期（1 881例）上升6%。     

2021年2月中国甲乙病类传染病疫情动态概要

正2021年2月(2020年2月1日0时至2月28日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病389 618例,死亡1 165例。其中,甲类传染病无发病死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、乙型脑炎、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病209 130例,较上月(250 601例)下降17%,较2020年同期(208 539例)上升0.3%。报告病例数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病和布鲁氏菌病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的96%。报告死亡1 163例,较上月(1 473例)下降21%(310例),较2020年同期(3 755例)下降69%(2 592例)。     

2022年6月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2022年6月（2022年6月1日0时至6月30日24时）,全国（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）共报告法定传染病1 285 858例,死亡2 066例。其中,甲类传染病鼠疫无发病和死亡病例报告,霍乱报告发病6例,无死亡病例报告。乙类传染病中,传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉、新生儿破伤风和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病287 693例,较上月（273 802例）上升5%,较2021年同期（288 172例）下降0.2%。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、布鲁氏菌病和淋病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的93%。报告死亡2 060例,较上月（2 001例）上升3%(59例),较2021年同期（1 727例）上升19%。     

2021年1月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

2021年1月(2021年1月1日0时至1月31日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病521 141例,死亡1 476例.其中,甲类传染病无发病死亡报告.乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感均无发病、死亡报告,其余22种乙类传染...     

2022年8月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2022年8月（2022年8月1日0时至8月31日24时）,全国（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）共报告法定传染病658 201例,死亡2 568例。其中,甲类传染病中鼠疫未报告病例,霍乱报告6例,无死亡病例报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余22种乙类传染病共报告发病308 822例,较上月（301 292例）上升2%,较2021年同期（274 917例）上升12%。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、新型冠状病毒肺炎和淋病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的92%。报告死亡2 565例,较上月（1 996例）上升29%(569例),较2021年同期（2 077例）上升23%。     

2017年8月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情概要

2017年8月(2017年8月1日0时至8月31日24时),全国共报告法定传染病679 826例,死亡1 796例.其中,乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、白喉、脊髓灰质炎和人感染高致病性禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余22种传染病共报告发病326 086例,死亡1 786例.报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾以及淋病,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的95％.     

2019年11月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2019年11月(2019年11月1日0时至11月30日24时),全国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)共报告法定传染病670 999例,死亡2 531例。其中,甲类传染病中鼠疫报告发病4例,无死亡报告,霍乱报告发病1例,无死亡报告。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告,其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病292 854例,死亡2 522例。报告发病数居前5位的病种依次为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、淋病和猩红热,占乙类传染病报告病例总数的93%。     

2022年12月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

<正>2022年12月（2022年12月1日0时至12月31日24时），除新型冠状病毒感染外，全国（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）共报告法定传染病278 907例，死亡2 384例。其中，甲类传染病未报告发病死亡病例。乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、白喉和人感染H7N9禽流感无发病、死亡报告，除新型冠状病毒感染外，其余21种乙类传染病共报告发病148 573例，较上月（210 178例）下降29%，较2021年同期（273 361例）下降46%。     

Effect of 5-fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, and vincristine on the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotiam, piperacillin, and netilmicin

Using the checkerboard agar dilution technique, antibacterial activity and in vitro interactions of 4 antineoplastic agents and 5 antimicrobial drugs were examined against 56 strains of 7 bacterial species. 5-fluorouracil was found to inhibit all strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 0.8 micrograms/ml or less. 84% of all gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically when 5-fluorouracil was combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. Methotrexate and cefotiam were antagonistic in 42% of all combinations, especially when tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.     

Susceptibilities of non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, D-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem.

Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): sparfloxacin, 0.5 and 8.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; D-ofloxacin, 32.0 and > 64.0; ceftazidime, 8.0 and 64.0; piperacillin with or without tazobactam, 16.0 and > 64.0; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 and > 64.0; imipenem, 2.0 and > 64.0. With the exception of those for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia, and Alcaligenes faecalis-A. odorans, agar dilution MICs for all strains tested were within 1 dilution of inhibitory (bacteriostatic) levels as determined by time-kill methodology.     

Comparative ototoxicity of ribostamycin, dactimicin, dibekacin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, sisomicin and netilmicin in the inner ear of guinea pigs

Nine aminoglycoside antibiotics, ribostamycin (RSM), dactimicin (DAC), dibekacin (DKB), kanamycin (KM), amikacin (AMK), netilmicin (NTL), tobramycin (TOB), gentamicin (GM) and sisomicin (SISO) were administered intramuscularly to guinea pigs for 4 weeks, and ototoxicity and drug concentration in the inner ear fluid were determined. RSM and DAC showed the weakest ototoxicity against the cochlea and vestibular organs. AMK and KM were more toxic to cochlea than vestibular organs. DKB, TOM, GM and SISO were equally toxic to vestibular organs and cochlea. NTL was more toxic to vestibular organs than cochlea. As judged from the pinna reflex response and hair cell damage in the cochlea, the order of auditory toxicity was the following: SISO greater than GM greater than TOB greater than AMK greater than DKB greater than KM greater than NTL, DAC RSM, whereas the vestibular toxicity was in the following order: SISO greater than GM greater than DKB greater than TOB greater than NTL greater than AMK greater than KM greater than DAC, RSM. RSM, causing the weakest ototoxicity, showed a low drug concentration in the inner ear fluid, while GM, causing severe ototoxicity, showed the highest drug level under the same conditions.     

Reviews of books, videos, CDs, audiotapes, web sites, and more, written by emergency nurses

Zimmermann PG. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 2002, 243 pp, ISBN 1-56053-529-6.     

In vitro activity of piperacillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, ceftazidime, azlocillin, cefoperazone, and thienamycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The in vitro susceptibility of 103 well-characterized strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nine antimicrobial agents was assessed by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and the microtiter minimal inhibitory concentration assay. The antimicrobials, from the most to the least active against P aeruginosa, were thienamycin greater than ceftazidime greater than piperacillin greater than azlocillin greater than cefoperazone greater than aztreonam greater than ticarcillin greater than ticarcillin-clavulanic acid greater than mezlocillin. The resistance patterns of the antimicrobial agents suggest that P aeruginosa resistant to a penicillin, cephalosporin, or aztreonam may be susceptible to thienamycin.