14-3-3蛋白在神经退行性变疾病诊断中的应用

14 3 3蛋白是分布十分广泛的真核生物蛋白质 ,在脑组织中含量丰富。哺乳动物中 ,1 4 3 3蛋白主要包括 7个亚型 ,在体内发挥诸多重要的生物学功能。目前 ,1 4 3 3蛋白检测主要用于对克 雅病 (CJD)的辅助诊断。 1 4 3 3蛋白也可在一些其他的神经系统退行性变疾病中检出 ,如某些病毒性脑炎、急性脑梗塞、中风等。随着针对 1 4 3 3蛋白各亚型抗体的制备以及 1 4 3 3蛋白检测技术的改进 ,为神经退行性变疾病之间的鉴别诊断提供了可能 ,同时也为进一步研究 1 4 3 3蛋白的作用机制提供了有效的手段     

14-3-3蛋白在神经退行性变疾病诊断中的应用

14-3-3蛋白是分布十分广泛的真核生物蛋白质。在脑组织中含量丰富。哺乳动物中，14-3-3蛋白主要包括7个亚型，在体内发挥诸多重要的生物学功能。目前，14-3-3蛋白检测主要用于对克一雅病(CJD)的辅助诊断。14-3-3蛋白也可在一些其他的神经系统退行性变疾病中检出，如某些病毒性脑炎、急性脑梗塞、中风等。随着针对14-3-3蛋白各亚型抗体的制备以及14-3-3蛋白检测技术的改进，为神经退行性变疾病之间的鉴别诊断提供了可能，同时也为进一步研究14-3-3蛋白的作用机制提供了有效的手段。     

丰富环境在神经退行性疾病中的应用新进展

神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative disease)是一组以原发性神经元变性为基础的慢性进行性神经系统疾病。该类疾病主要包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD),帕金     

重复经颅磁刺激在神经退行性疾病中的应用进展

重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS)是一项无创、安全、操作简便的神经调控技术,基础及临床研究显示,rTMS治疗精经精神疾病效果较好。神经退行性疾病是系统性疾病,药物效果较差,较难治疗。有研究显示,rTMS治疗神经退行性疾病初步显示较好的前景,因此,本文对rTMS调控神经退行性疾病的临床应用进行综述。     

实时荧光依赖解旋酶恒温扩增技术和实时荧光RT-PCR在手足口病中的应用价值

目的 研究实时荧光依赖解旋酶恒温扩增技术和实时荧光RT-PCR在手足口病中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析106例疑似手足口病患儿的临床资料.所有患儿均进行实时荧光RT-PCR检测、实时荧光依赖解旋酶恒温扩增技术检测,以临床表现、实验室检查、血清和病原学的综合诊断结果为临床诊断金标准,比较不同检测方法的诊断结果及效能.结果...     

恒温扩增技术在病原体检测中的应用

<正>感染性疾病是最重要的公共健康卫生问题之一,据世界卫生组织统计,全世界每年有1 300万以上的人群死于感染性疾病[1]。感染性疾病主要由细菌和病毒引起,其次是真菌和寄生虫。某些不同的病原体感染可引起临床症状相似,但致病机制、发病进程完全不同,需要采取不同治疗方法。早期及时确定感染原因,合理使用抗菌药物可使严重感染的生存率下降5倍[2]。因此,对于发病率和病死率非常高的感染性疾病,早期     

核酸扩增技术在输血安全中的应用

世界卫生组织(WHO)为输血安全提出了三大战略,即挑选安全的献血者、临床合理用血、严格筛查血液.其中,挑选安全献血者--无偿献血,这是保证输血安全的前提和基础;临床合理用血就是只给确实有输血指征的患者输血,避免一切不必要的输血;而严格筛查血液是排除病毒阳性血液、避免携带病毒的血液应用于临床而使受血者感染、提高输血安全的有效手段.     

核酸扩增技术及其在感染性疾病诊断中的应用

高度敏感、高度特异的核酸扩增技术可以直接检测临床标本 ,在较短时间内得出结果 ,在感染性疾病的诊断中应用越来越广泛 ,并有逐步替代传统的细菌或病毒培养的可能性。本文就与感染性疾病诊断有关的部分核酸扩增技术及其应用作一简要综述     

交叉引物恒温扩增技术在结核分枝杆菌检测中的应用

目的探讨交叉引物扩增技术(CPA)快速检测系统在结核病诊断中的价值。方法收集唐山市第四医院2015年3~5月206例结核病就诊患者的痰液标本,其中肺结核患者95例(其中痰涂片阳性26例,阴性69例),非结核患者111例,分别采用RT-PCR法实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测标本中的结核分枝杆菌,对结果进行统计分析。结果涂片法、罗氏培养法、EasyNAT~TB-CPA法检测初诊疑似肺结核患者痰液的灵敏度分别为:27.37%(26/95)、50.53%(48/95)、56.84%(54/95)、51.58%(49/95)。以罗氏培养结果为诊断金标准,EasyNAT~TB-CPA法灵敏度为89.58%(43/48),特异度94.94%(150/158);RT-PCR法的灵敏度为83.33%(40/48),特异度94.30%(149/158);EasyNAT~TB-CPA与RT-PCR法相比,总体一致性为98.54%(203/206),Kappa指数值为0.92。结论 TB-CPA法在检测痰液标本中具有较高的临床应用价值,且方法简便、快速。     

神经退行性疾病的嗅觉障碍

嗅觉是人类重要的感觉之一。近年研究发现,嗅觉障碍与神经退行性疾病密切相关,其可能是神经退行性疾病的首发症状,有望成为一项早期诊断及预测病情进展的生物学指标。现就神经退行性疾病与嗅觉障碍的关系及研究进展进行综述。     

Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are a large group of disabling disorders of the nervous system, characterized by the relative selective death of neuronal subtypes. In most cases, there is overwhelming evidence of impaired mitochondrial function as a causative factor in these diseases. More recently, evidence has emerged for impaired mitochondrial dynamics (shape, size, fission-fusion, distribution, movement etc.) in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we provide a concise overview of the major findings in recent years highlighting the importance of healthy mitochondria for a healthy neuron.     

Depressive symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases

Depressive symptoms are very common in chronic conditions. This is true so for neurodegenerative diseases. A number of patients with cognitive decline and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and related conditions like Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal degeneration amongst other entities, experience depressive symptoms in greater or lesser grade at some point during the course of the illness. Depressive symptoms have aparticular significance in neurological disorders, specially in neurodegenerative diseases, because brain, mind, behavior and mood relationship. A number of patients may develop depressive symptoms in early stages of the neurologic disease, occurring without clear presence of cognitive decline with only mild cognitive deterioration. Classically, depression constitutes a reliable diagnostic challenge in this setting. However, actually we can recognize and evaluate depressive, cognitive or motor symptoms of neurodegenerative disease in order to establish their clinical significance and to plan some therapeutic strategies. Depressive symptoms can appear also lately, when the neurodegenerative disease is fully developed. The presence of depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms have a negative impact on the quality-of-life of patients and caregivers. Besides, patients with depressive symptoms also tend to further decrease function and reduce cognitive abilities and also uses to present more affected clinical status, compared with patients without depression. Depressive symptoms are treatable. Early detection of depressive symptoms is very important in patients with neurodegenerative disorders, in order to initiate the most adequate treatment. We review in this paper the main neurodegenerative diseases, focusing in depressive symptoms of each other entities and current recommendations of management and treatment.     

Use of DNA amplification methods for clinical diagnosis in autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune disease is generally felt to result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, significant advances have been made in using recombinant DNA methods to analyze specific genetic factors and infectious agents. However, new techniques are needed that are more rapid, inexpensive, and suitable for small tissue biopsies obtained early in the course of disease. New methods of DNA amplification based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Q beta-replicase (Q beta R) have recently been reported. These methods are briefly reviewed, and their potential applications to patients with autoimmune disease are presented. Several types of applications can be considered, including detection of: a) specific HLA-D alleles in order to predict prognosis and better utilize existing medications; b) bacterial, fungal, and spirochete infections in joint aspirates or synovial biopsies; c) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses (e.g., EBV, CMV) that may be associated with immune dysregulation in certain patients; and d) neoplastic transformation in blood or tissues by determining monoclonal gene rearrangements, karyotypic alterations or oncogene activation. It is likely that routine clinical laboratories will soon begin implementing DNA amplification methods in order to screen blood products for infectious agents (especially HIV and hepatitis B virus). Because these techniques will be readily available, rheumatologists/clinical immunologists should begin developing strategies that will allow them to use these methods in a cost-effective manner for diagnosis and monitoring treatment.     

C-反应蛋白在早产儿感染性疾病诊断中的应用评价

目的探讨超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在早产儿感染性疾病(ID)诊断中的应用价值。方法对2012年1月至2013年12月在我院就诊的162例早产儿的临床资料行回顾性分析,根据有无疾病及感染与否分为3组,ID组(n=46),NID组(n=66),对照组(n=50),比较治疗前后的hs-CRP、血细胞参数(WBC、PLT、NGR%、ESR)、感染阳性检出率及不同病原体hs-CRP水平。结果 (1)3组一般资料组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)ID组的hs-CRP阳性检出率明显高于WBC,而NID组的WBC阳性检出率明显高于hs-CRP,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)较之病毒、支原体等其他病原体,细菌感染的hs-CRP水平明显高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而G+菌与G-菌感染比较,hs-CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)组内比较:较之治疗前,ID组治疗后的hs-CRP、WBC、NGR%、ESR,NID组的hs-CRP、WBC均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ID组的PLT,NID组的PLT、NGR%、ESR,对照组各指标,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组间比较:治疗前,ID组、NID组的hs-CRP、WBC明显高于对照组,ID组的NGR%、ESR明显高于NID组、对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);NID组与对照组的NGR%、ESR,各组的PLT以及治疗后各组指标间,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 hs-CRP虽可作为早产儿ID,尤其是细菌感染的早期诊断指标,但实际应用中仍需结合临床表现以及其他非特异性指标,以提高诊断准确率。     

The role of alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases

Alpha-synuclein is a 140 amino acid neuronal protein that has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. A point mutation in the gene coding for the alpha-synuclein protein was the first discovery linking this protein to a rare familial form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Subsequently, other mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene have been identified in familial PD. The aggregated proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies found in PD and cortical Lewy body dementia (LBD) were discovered to be predominantly alpha-synuclein. Aberrant aggregation of alpha-synuclein has been detected in an increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleopathies. Alpha-synuclein exists physiologically in both soluble and membrane-bound states, in unstructured and alpha-helical conformations, respectively. The physiological function of alpha-synuclein appears to require its translocation between these subcellular compartments and interconversion between the 2 conformations. Abnormal processing of alpha-synuclein is predicted to lead to pathological changes in its binding properties and function. In this review, genetic and environmental risk factors for alpha-synuclein pathology are described. Various mechanisms for in vitro and in vivo alpha-synuclein aggregation and neurotoxicity are summarized, and their relevance to neuropathology is explored.     

C-反应蛋白与白细胞计数在小儿疾病诊断中的应用

目的探讨C-反应蛋白和白细胞计数在小儿科疾病诊断中的应用。方法 C-反应蛋白采用免疫荧光法,白细胞计数采用血细胞分析仪检测法。结果 1 149例患儿中C-反应蛋白和白细胞的增高、正常和减低相一致。结论 C-反应蛋白和白细胞计数同时检测有助于儿科医生对患儿病情作出初步诊断,对预防滥用及合理使用抗生素起到了良好的作用,有利于患儿的健康成长。     

微管蛋白和微管作用物质研究及其在神经退行性疾病中的机制探讨

背景：tau蛋白是一种微管相关蛋白。研究表明,变异的tau蛋白被认为是阿尔茨海默病患者产生老年斑的关键;人突触核蛋白（Syn）是参与形成帕金森病患者淀粉样变性的主要成分。目的：总结近年来微管相关作用物质的研究进展及其与神经退行性疾病的相关性。方法：以＂tubulin;Alzheimer Disease;Parkinson Disease;Neurodegeneration：微管蛋白;神经退行性疾病;阿尔茨海默病;帕金森病＂为检索词,检索1975年3月至2014年3月Pub Med数据库及万方医学网相关文献。纳入微管结构与功能、微管与神经退行性疾病相关蛋白、微管蛋白相关物质及其与神经退行性疾病相关研究的文献26篇进行分析探讨。结果与结论：微管由微管蛋白组成,在细胞中起重要的细胞骨架作用。在神经系统,微管系统的稳定性也是维持胞体和突起间营养转运的基础。已证实微管蛋白与帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的关键蛋白密切相关。tau蛋白异常聚积导致的轴突转运障碍不仅影响神经元的形态,而且影响其功能。Syn可以促进生长初期原代培养神经元轴突内微管的组装。当细胞受到不良刺激时,发生微管相关物质的不良代谢,导致微管系统产生结构的紊乱和功能的障碍,胞内物质异常堆积,并通过一系列目前尚待阐明的调控机制使细胞逃逸凋亡,从而进入退行性变性。目前的神经退行性疾病的临床治疗也多以替代法治疗为主,尚无特效药物。     

Amino acid metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases]

Although various neurological diseases occur in patients with inborn error of metabolism of amino acids, amino acids also act as neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glycine play roles as an excitatory neurotransmitter, but exert a neurodegenerative effect in case of the excessive release. Extensive studies have recently been performed on glutamate receptors, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the hippocampus. Alzheimer brain shows a decreased number of NMDA receptors in the frontal cortex. The parkinsonian changes caused by MPTP is abolished by the administration of a NMDA antagonist. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts as an inhibitory amino acid. The content of GABA is low in the striatum of patients with Huntington's disease. The number of NMDA receptor is decreased also in Huntington striatum. These observations may give a clue for the prevention of various neurodegenerative diseases.