The use of the Ligasure for hemostasis during thyroid lobectomy

BACKGROUND: The Ligasure electrothermal vessel sealer (Valleylab, Boulder, CO) has been introduced as a new method for hemostasis during thyroidectomy. We hypothesized that the use of Ligasure would potentially reduce operative time during thyroid surgery. METHODS: From 2001 to 2005, 150 patients had a thyroid lobectomy by a single surgeon. Data from these patients were prospectively collected in a database and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 150 patients, 51 underwent thyroid lobectomy with the use of the Ligasure and 99 patients underwent conventional ligation of vessels. There were no differences between groups with regard to demographic factors, thyroid gland pathology, or complications. Operative time was significantly shortened by 40 minutes in patients who had surgery with the Ligasure. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy, the use of the Ligasure decreases operating room time and is associated with no increase in complications. Thus, we advocate the routine use of this technology during thyroid surgery.     

Video-assisted thyroid lobectomy through a small wound in the submandibular area

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic thyroidectomy has not gained wide acceptance because of the expertise required, the long operation time, the wide dissection, and the extra cost of specialized instruments. We developed a video-assisted hemithyroidectomy procedure that requires only one small incision at the upper neck. METHODS: Hemithyroidectomy was performed through a 25 to 30 mm transverse incision made in the upper lateral neck for the treatment of benign thyroid nodule. No gas or external lift dissection was needed. RESULTS: The mean age of 39 patients was 33.8 years. The tumor size ranged from 1.9 to 5.5 cm (mean 3.1 cm). All patients underwent total lobectomy without conversion to traditional cervicotomy. The mean operation time was 56 minutes (range 36 to 90). Follicular adenoma was the final pathologic diagnosis in 25 patients and adenomatous goiter in 14. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was seen in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Our technique is safe, minimally invasive, less time consuming, and cosmetically excellent.     

Safety and feasibility of thyroid lobectomy via a lateral 2.5-cm incision with a cohort comparison of the first 50 cases: evolution of a surgical approach

Background and aims Over 500 minimal-access parathyroidectomies (MIPs) have been performed in our unit, and, from these, a technique for thyroid resection has evolved. We present a report on the evolution of minimal-access thyroid surgery (MATS) and compare the results with those from a cohort of patients operated on prior to the use of MATS.Methods We reviewed the evolution towards the MATS technique. The results of the MATS procedures were compared with those from an equal number of consecutive patients undergoing conventional lobectomy prior to the use of MATS.Results Fifty patients (mean age 45.6 years) underwent MATS between March 2002 and May 2004. The mean nodule diameter was 18.5 mm. In the MATS group there was one recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, two temporary RLN neuropraxias, which recovered, and one haematoma. The control group (mean age 47.9 years) had a mean nodule size of 22 mm. In the controls there was one temporary RLN neuropraxia, which recovered, and two haematomas—P>0.05 (Fishers exact test) for all the complications.Conclusions MATS has evolved from an experimental approach into a safe and feasible surgical procedure based on the same operative approach as used for MIP. It provides an alternative to open thyroid surgery in appropriately selected cases.Presented at the European Society of Endocrine Surgery (ESES), Pisa, Italy, May 2004     

甲状腺良性结节手术后复发的再治疗

目的 探讨甲状腺良性结节手术后复发的相关因素和再治疗原则。方法 对我院18年中51例甲状腺良性结节手术后临床复发者的病理、手术适应证、术式以及再治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 甲状腺良性结节手术后复发与病变性质、单发或多发、手术适应证的掌握及术式的选择密切相关。51例复发者中结节性甲状腺肿29例,甲状腺瘤22例;其中行结节摘除21例,腺叶部分切除16例,一侧腺叶次全切除9例,一侧腺叶切除5例。再手术38例,行一侧腺叶切除19例,一侧叶切加对侧次全切除3例,一侧次全切除7例,双侧次全切除9例;无严重手术并发症。随访32例再手术者,平均7年,仅1例结节性甲状腺肿再复发。结论 对甲状腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿的正确诊断、明确病变的单发或多发,严格掌握多发性结节性甲状腺肿的手术适应证,并废弃结节摘除和腺叶部分切除术可降低复发率和再手术率。     

不同年龄患者甲状腺腺叶切除术后甲状腺功能变化的研究

目的：探讨不同年龄甲状腺良性肿瘤患者行单侧腺叶切除术后甲状腺功能的变化及激素替代治疗的必要性。 方法：将120例因甲状腺良性肿瘤行单侧腺叶切除术的患者根据年龄不同分为青年组（≤30岁,23例）、中年组（<30~<60岁,69例）、老年组（≥60岁,28例）,检测各组患者术前及术后1周,1、3、6个月,1、2年游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平。 结果：青年组FT3水平在术后1周、1个月时较术前明显降低（P<0.05）,后期各时间点则与术前无统计学差异（P>0.05）;FT4水平术后各时间较术前均无明显变化（P>0.05）;TSH水平在术后1周,1、3个月时较术前比明显升高（均P<0.05）,后期各时间点则与术前无统计学差异（P>0.05）。中年组术后各时间点FT3、FT4、TSH与术前比较均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。老年组患者FT3水平在术后1周,1、3个月时较术前明显降低（P>0.05）,后期各时间点则术前无统计学差异（P>0.05）;FT4水平在术后1、3、6个月时较术前明显降低（P<0.05）,其余各时间点则与术前无统计学差异（P>0.05）;TSH水平在术后1周,1、3、6个月时均较术前比升高（P<0.05）,后期各时间点则与术前无统计学差异（P>0.05）。3组患者均未出现临床甲状腺功能减退症状。 结论：不同年龄甲状腺良性肿瘤患者行单侧腺叶切除术后甲状腺功能恢复情况不同。中年患者术后代偿能力强,可不予激素替代治疗;青年对甲状腺激素需求量相对较大而老年患者代偿能力较差,故青年患者术后半年内、老年患者术后1年内给予激素替代治疗较合适。     

甲状腺癌根治术致甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素及预防

目的:探讨甲状腺癌根治术中可能导致甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素及预防措施。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院普通外科2014年全年由同一外科医师实施的75例甲状腺癌手术的临床资料。结果:全组术后发生甲状旁腺功能减退20例(26.67%),其中暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退19例(25.33%),永久性甲状旁腺功能减退1例(1.33%)。甲状腺全切术患者甲状旁腺功能减退发生率明显高于甲状腺近全切除术患者(46.88%vs.11.63%,P0.05);行VI区淋巴结清扫患者甲状旁腺功能减退发生率明显高于未行VI区淋巴结清扫患者(45.71%vs.10.00%,P0.05);同时行自体甲状旁腺移植术患者甲状旁腺功能减退发生率高于未行甲状旁腺移植患者,但差异无统计学意义(50.00%vs.22.22%,P0.05)。结论:甲状腺全切和Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫是导致甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素。术中精细解剖甲状腺后被膜,尤其是尽可能保留下甲状旁腺血运,术后应用预防性药物可能有助于甲状旁腺功能的保护。     

The final outcome of indeterminate cytology of thyroid nodules in a District General Hospital

Background

Diagnostic thyroid lobectomy is performed to resolve the dilemma of indeterminate (Thy3) cytology of thyroid nodules. But on final histology most nodules are benign thereby subjecting this group of patients to surgery with its associated risks.

Aim

To determine the proportion of cancers in patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective observational study of 621 patients who underwent fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of their thyroid nodules over a 60 month period in a district general hospital. Patient demographics, cytology and final histology results were extracted from the hospital database.

Results

On final analysis, 48 patients had an indeterminate cytology (7.7%) and 12 patients had cancer in this group (25%) following diagnostic lobectomy.

Conclusion

Till an alternative robust technology becomes widely available we need to continue to perform diagnostic lobectomy in patients with indeterminate cytology in view of the high incidence of thyroid cancer in this group of patients.     

多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的生物学特性及治疗分析

目的 探讨多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特性及治疗.方法 回顾性分析1995-1997年间在天津市肿瘤医院手术治疗并经病理证实的86例多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的临床资料,研究其临床生物学特征.结果 多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌者共86例,占同期甲状腺乳头状癌的23.4%.病灶位于单侧12例,位于双侧74例;颈部淋巴结转移51例(59.3%);病灶中含微小癌者46例(53.5%);合并桥本甲状腺炎者23例(26.7%);周围组织侵犯19例(22.1%);发生远处转移者1例(1.2%);10年生存率95.3%.美国癌症联合会(AJCC)分期与预后相关(x2=63.395,P=0.000).结论 多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌多发生于双侧甲状腺,病灶中含微小癌者及合并桥本甲状腺炎者较多,AJCC分期是多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的重要预后因素.     

经腋窝入路与经胸乳入路腔镜单侧甲状腺叶切除的对比研究

目的:对比分析经腋窝入路与胸乳入路腔镜单侧甲状腺叶切除术的临床效果。方法:回顾分析21例经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺叶切除、25例经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺叶切除患者的临床资料,对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、并发症、切口满意度等指标。结果:经腋窝入路手术时间[(129.0±17.91)min]较胸乳入路[(142.0±22.75)min]短,术后引流量[(61.0±43.84)ml]较胸乳入路[(94.0±59.46)ml]少,术后患者对切口满意度较胸乳入路高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:经腋窝入路在处理单侧甲状腺叶疾病方面优于胸乳入路,美容效果较好,两种入路的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,值得临床推广应用。     

多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌168例临床研究

目的:探讨多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特征及外科治疗方式.方法:回顾分析1997年1月至2006年12月间首次手术并经病理证实的甲状腺乳头状癌648例,其中多灶病例168例.比较单灶组与多灶组及多灶组间的临床病理学差异.结果:本组多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌发生率为25.9%,其中双侧甲状腺多发病灶者117例(69.6%).多灶组在男性(P=0.004)、甲状腺癌家族史(P=0.031)、体检(P=0.000)及B超发现颈部淋巴结肿大(P=0.001)、B超提示结节钙化灶(P=0.001)、颈淋巴结转移(P=0.008)及甲状腺外侵犯(P=0.001)发生率等方面叫显高于单灶患者.而单灶组在伴有良性甲状腺疾病的比例明显高于多灶组(P=0.000).多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌病例中,男性、体检颈部淋巴结大、肿瘤位于双侧及病灶数目≥3个倾向于肿瘤较大、颈部淋巴结转移或甲状腺外侵犯的比例较高;而伴有良性甲状腺疾病的多灶性癌恶性度相对较低.本组164例(97.6%)获得随访;平均随访46.1个月(2～127个月).随访中5例死亡,1例胸部X线片怀疑肺部转移,16个月健在;6例于术后3～41个月因颈淋巴结复发再次手术;2例于术后13个月、24个月残余腺体肿瘤复发手术切除.总的1、2、5、10年生存期分别为98.2%、97.4%、96.5%、96.5%.美国癌症联合会(AJCC)分期与预后相关(X<'2=168.832,P=0.000).结论:多发病灶是甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特征之一,其生物学恶性度更高.甲状腺全切+中央区淋巴结清扫可视为标准手术方式,在外侧区出现淋巴结肿大时需加行侧方清扫.AJCC分期仍是多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的重要预后因素.     

Recent trends in thyroid surgery in Wales

IntroductionOur objective was to analyse trends in thyroid surgery in Wales over a recent 12-year period.MethodsDetails of patients who underwent thyroid surgery across Wales from 1999 to 2010 were analysed from the Patient Episodes Database for Wales [n = 6570, 83% (5429) female, 86% (5634) benign thyroid disease]. We determined age-adjusted thyroidectomy rates from the European standard population and a Poisson regression model was fitted to assess temporal trends. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) in thyroidectomy rates.ResultsAn increase in thyroidectomy rates was observed for malignant disease [APC 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–7.5] while surgery rates for benign disease declined over the period (APC ?3.2, 95% CI ?5.1 to ?1.3). The use of total thyroidectomy rose from 17% (599/3501) in 1999–2004 to 30% (912/3069) in 2005–2010 (p < 0.001). Total thyroidectomies were performed in a higher proportion of males than females [26% (291/1141) vs. 22% (1220/5429), p = 0.03] and in a greater percentage of patients with malignant disease than benign [36% (337/936) vs. 21% (1174/5634), p < 0.001). General surgeons undertook 83% of thyroid surgery but with a growing involvement of ENT surgeons. Regional disparities were seen in the type of surgery offered to patients with benign thyroid disease.ConclusionThe use of total thyroidectomy for benign and malignant thyroid disease has risen in Wales. The increase in surgeries performed for malignancy would support a rising incidence of thyroid cancer in the region. Regional disparities in choice of surgery for benign disease require further exploration.     

甲状腺结节内钙化与甲状腺癌的关系研究

目的 探讨超声探测到的甲状腺结节内钙化与甲状腺癌的关系.方法 收集本院5年间行甲状腺手术患者4186例,对比甲状腺结节术前彩色超声检查与术后病理诊断.结果 甲状腺癌患者甲状腺结节内钙化,微小钙化和非微小钙化的发生率明显高于良性疾病中的发生率(P＜0.05).微小钙化对于预测甲状腺癌更有意义(P＜0.01),它在≥45岁和＜45岁组问比例分别为2.4%和16.8%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);钙化在不同性别问差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);伴钙化的恶性结节在单发与多发组间比例为70.7%和49.1%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 超声探测到微小钙化病灶对诊断甲状腺癌的特异性高,特别是对乳头状甲状腺癌.微小钙化对诊断微小乳头状癌有重要临床意义.     

无充气经锁骨下腔镜甲状腺右叶切除+右侧中央区清扫1例视频报告

背景与目的 笔者团队经临床探索后从手术切口定位、手术路径及手术器械三方面对传统的锁骨下入路腔镜甲状腺手术进行了改进和创新,故撰写本文,以供同行参考。方法 结合手术视频,汇报笔者团队实施的1例无充气经锁骨下腔镜甲状腺右叶切除+右侧中央区清扫手术资料,并进行文献回顾与讨论。结果 手术在腔镜下顺利完成,总手术时间65 min,出血量约5 mL。术后恢复可,术后2 d拔管出院,总引流量100 mL,术后住院2 d。结论 改良无充气经锁骨下入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌安全可行,中央区清扫彻底,切口隐蔽性好,操作难度低,有临床应用价值。     

Thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate FNA: not without consequences

Background

Thyroid nodules are exceedingly common, and the cytologic interpretation of fine needle aspiration (FNA) findings has been the reference standard for diagnosing nodules as benign, atypia or a follicular lesion of undetermined significance, suspicious for follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, or malignant. Many patients undergo thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate FNA findings (atypia or a follicular lesion of undetermined significance or suspicious for follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasm), although the risk of malignancy is low. The general data have quoted a 20% risk of hypothyroidism after lobectomy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the risk of hypothyroidism after lobectomy in our diverse population.

Methods

The pathology records from a large county hospital were reviewed to identify patients with indeterminate FNA findings. The incidence of hypothyroidism was determined by the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square and continuous variables using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

A total of 655 FNAs were performed during the study period, and 60 resulted in indeterminate cases. Of these 60 patients, 17 subsequently underwent diagnostic lobectomy. The mean age was 52.8 ± 16.5 years, 88% were women, and 67% were Hispanic and 22% were African American. Only 6% had a final diagnosis of cancer, and eight patients (47%) became hypothyroid postoperatively.

Conclusions

The incidence of hypothyroidism after diagnostic thyroid lobectomy in our patient population was much higher than previously reported. It is necessary to preoperatively counsel patients about this increased risk, in addition to the usual risks of nerve palsy and bleeding, with thyroid lobectomy. As testing of thyroid nodules evolves, the expense of preoperative testing should be weighed against the increased incidence for lifelong thyroid hormone replacement.     

不同甲状腺癌切除术治疗甲状腺癌患者的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨甲状腺癌切除术对甲状腺癌患者炎症指标分析.方法 将2019年1月至2021年9月在宣城市仁杰医院治疗的30例甲状腺癌患者根据手术方式分为两组,对照组使用甲状腺患侧叶切除+对侧次全切除术,观察组使用甲状腺患侧叶切除术.对比两组患者各项手术指标、并发症发生率、甲状腺激素指标、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid ...     

cT1N0甲状腺癌全乳晕入路腔镜手术与开放手术对比研究

目的探讨腔镜手术对甲状腺癌的治疗能否达到与开放手术同等的效果。方法选择2016年3月至2017年10月间首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普通外科收治的、分期cT1N0、女性、年龄≤60岁、无颈部手术史、有美容愿望的患者44例进行全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗。随机选择同等条件的50例开放手术作为对照。观察两组手术完成情况、并发症、淋巴结清扫率及住院时间等情况。结果手术时间腔镜手术组(170.0±28.0)min长于开放手术组(90.0±21.0)min(t=15.610,P=0.000)。术中出血量腔镜手术组(5.8±8.7)ml与开放手术组(4.8±5.6)ml差异无统计学意义(t=0.668,P=0.506)。喉返神经损伤腔镜手术组1/44例与开放手术组1/50例差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.000,P=0.927)。甲状旁腺功能减退腔镜手术组7/44例与开放手术组4/50例差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.417,P=0.234)。腔镜手术组与开放手术组均无淋巴漏、感染发生。清扫气管旁+气管前淋巴结数量腔镜手术组(6.0±4.2)枚与开放手术组(5.5±3.7)枚差异无统计学意义(t=0.692,P=0.491)。清扫喉前淋巴结数量腔镜手术组(0.7±1.1)枚与开放手术组(0.5±0.9)枚差异无统计学意义(t=1.186,P=0.239)。结论全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗甲状腺癌安全可靠,颈中央区淋巴结清扫充分,可作为cT1N0甲状腺癌病例手术方式的选择。     

三种甲状腺手术方法对甲状腺、甲状旁腺功能的影响分析

目的探讨三种甲状腺手术方法对甲状腺癌患者甲状腺、甲状旁腺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年至2015年手术治疗的甲状腺癌患者125例,根据手术方式分为3组,其中A组57例行甲状腺全切+颈淋巴结清扫术,B组36例行甲状腺全切除术,C组32例行甲状腺次全切除术。数据分析用SPSS16.0软件进行,甲状腺功能、甲状旁腺功能和血清钙中的指标用均数±标准差(x珋±s)表示,t检验;低血钙发生率用百分率(%)表示,卡方检验;P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果手术后3 d三组患者的T3和FT3以及T4和FT4均显著低于术前,而TSH显著高于术前(P0.05);C组患者的PTH(29.6±12.6)pg/ml显著高于A、B组的患者,且差异具有统计学意义(F=4.568,P0.05);三组甲状腺癌患者术后血清钙均下降,且差异具有统计学意(P0.05),而C组患者的血清钙显著高于A、B组的患者,且术后低血钙发生率(18.7%)也显著低于A(59.6%)、B组(41.67%)的患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手术治疗对甲状癌患者的甲状腺功能以及甲状旁腺功能均有显著影响,不同手术方式对甲状腺功能的影响无显著差异,而随着甲状腺手术方式和范围的扩大甲状旁腺功能减退和低血钙发生率增高。