孕妇和乳母及0～6岁儿童碘营养状况调查

目的 了解孕妇、乳母、儿童和婴幼儿碘营养状况,评估综合补碘干预的效果。方法 整群抽样法,主要检测其尿碘水平,进行有关影响碘营养状况分析。结果 孕妇２６９人,尿碘中位数（Ｍ）为２６０．０μｇ／Ｌ,〈１００ｇ／Ｌ者占４．８％,乳母８４人,Ｍ为１８３．０μｇ／Ｌ,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占１５．５％,儿童１９５２人,同２２６．０μ／ｌ,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占１０．１％,其尿碘水平高于普碘盐前的儿童尿碘水平调查资     

高碘地区与地方性高碘甲状腺肿

概念１．１高碘病区人群的尿碘水平在８００μｇ／Ｌ以上，水碘水平在３００μｇ／Ｌ以上以及儿童的甲状腺肿大率大于５％的地区称为高碘病区。而尿碘和水碘处于较高水平，目前尚无甲状腺肿流行，但供应碘盐后将会或可能造成高碘甲状腺肿流行的地区，称为高碘地区。１．２...     

杭州市区补碘前后儿童碘营养状况调查分析

对杭州市区环境碘和１０２５８人次８～１０岁儿童补碘前后及防治二年后碘营养状况进行对比调查分析。结果显示：饮水碘为１．４８μｇ／Ｌ，膳食碘共计６０．５μｇ／ｄ，盐碘０．５２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，防治前儿童触诊甲肿率１０．０２％，Ｂ超甲肿率１４．９８％，尿碘中位数７０．０１μｇ／Ｌ，大于１００μｇ／Ｌ仅占３０．２０％，儿童平均智商为１１２．１４，其中郊区儿童为１０４．４５。经过落实以食盐加碘为主的综合防治措施二年后，儿童甲肿率下降至５．１６％。尿碘中位数上升到２４３．１５μｇ／Ｌ，儿童平均智商为１１４．３７。表明防治前杭州市区外环境和人群机体内环境同样存在碘缺乏，碘干预措施是我市防治碘缺乏病的积极有效方法。     

全民食盐加碘前安徽大别山巢湖缺碘病区和合肥市儿童碘营养及甲状腺功能的研究

对安徽大别山、巢湖缺碘病区和合肥市共３７５９例儿童在全民食盐加碘前的碘营养、垂体—甲状腺轴功能状态进行研究。结果表明：巢湖组为重病区（肿大率为５５．８％），儿童人群严重缺碘（尿碘中位数为１９．２μｇ／Ｌ），垂体—甲状腺轴功能呈高代偿状态，有亚临床甲状腺功能减退存在。大别山组，尿碘（中位数２６９．１μｇ／Ｌ）虽高，但甲肿率为２２．４％，为中等病区水平，且垂体—甲状腺轴功能呈代偿状态，也提示有亚甲减存在，而合肥市甲肿率低，各项功能正常，为非病区，但尿碘水平偏低，提示碘营养不足。显示了全民食盐加碘防治的必要性。     

新疆阿勒泰地区儿童碘营养状况调查

１９９０年以来我们采用随机抽样对新疆阿勒泰地区六县一市所辖部分小学的儿童状腺肿大率，尿碘，碘盐进行了检测。调查８－１０岁学生６７９４名，甲肿率为２０．１５％；查尿１６２１份，尿碘中位数９２．５μｇ／ｌ，，尿碘值〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占５７．８０％；水碘均值４．９６μｇ／Ｌ，水碘值〈５μｇ／Ｌ者占８２．９％；碘越界 经５３．３３％，以上结果表明我区人群仍处于碘营养不良状态，应及时采取以供应碘盐为主的综合     

克拉玛依市特殊人群碘缺乏病监测结果分析

采用放射免疫法对克拉玛依市区５１０例新生儿脐带血ＴＳＨ和１２２例２～４岁儿童的ＴＳＨ及１２７例８～１０岁儿童尿碘进行测定,市区新生儿ＴＳＨ值〉５μＩＵ／ｍｌ 占２２．９％;２～４岁儿童ＴＳＨ值大〉５μＩＵ／ｍｌ占１．７％,８～１０岁儿童尿碘〉１００μｇ／Ｌ占９８．４％,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ 占１．６％。甲状腺肿大率为１６．６７％（触诊法）。调查结果表明克拉玛依市还存在着碘缺乏。     

天津市学龄儿童碘营养状况调查分析

按不同地区的不同地理位置随机抽取８１所小学校８～１０岁学龄儿童计８５６０名，进行了碘营养状况调查，触诊法的甲肿率为３２．６％，Ｂ超对比甲肿率为２７％。尿碘中位数为９６．０６μｇ／Ｌ，其中最高的郊区、县达１３２．２μｇ／Ｌ，滨海区为１１８．３μｇ／Ｌ，而市中心六个区尿碘中位数仅为５８．４７μｇ／Ｌ。饮用水含碘量平均为３９．８μｇ／Ｌ，市区饮用水仅为５．６μｇ／Ｌ。同时对７９７名学生进行了瑞文氏智力测定，平均智商（ＩＱ）值为１０６．１８±１４．０６，其中极优秀者为３９人，占总数的４．９％，优秀人数为１１２，占１４．１％，二者合计占总调查人数的１８．９％。智力落后儿童１４人占１．７％。ＩＱ频数分布向中上水平偏移，市区、郊区、县与滨海地区的智力落后分布无明显差别（μ＝１．７６Ｐ＞０．０５）。调查的病情指标和生化指标均表明天津市属碘缺乏重病区，拟实施全民补碘措施。     

宁夏碘缺乏病现状调查及评价

目的 为了解碘缺乏病的现状,评价干预措施的落实情况的及防治效果。方法 宁夏各到均采用ＰＰＳ抽样方法对碘缺乏病现状进行了调查。结果 有５７％的市县８～１０岁儿童甲状腺肿大率≤５％,全区为７．７５％,居民户盐碘合格率达到９０％以上的市县占２８．５％,全区合格率为７３．７％,各市县儿童尿碘中位数均达到了１００μｇ／Ｌ以上,全区为２７５．０μｇ／Ｌ,仅有１个县儿童尿磺〈５０μｇ／Ｌ的样品比例超过２０％。结     

青海省1999年碘缺乏病监测结果分析

为全面掌握青海省碘缺乏病防治工作的现状及存在的问题,１９９９年采用ＰＰＳ抽样法在全省４５个县（市）３０个点抽取８－１０岁学龄儿童１２００名,进行甲状腺肿大,尿碘,加碘盐,新生儿脐带血ＴＳＨ水平等项目检测,同时对部分１２岁儿童和家庭主妇进行健康教育问卷调查。结果表明：８－１０岁学龄儿童甲状腺肿大率触诊法为４．９２％,Ｂ超法为５．５２％;尿碘中位数１３６．８μｇ／Ｌ,≥１００μｇ／Ｌ占５７．８０％,     

全民食盐加碘前后不同地区儿童碘营养状况分析

目的　了解不同地区儿童碘营养状况在全民食盐加碘前后有何变化。方法　对安徽省大别山、巢湖缺碘地区及合肥市学龄儿童在全民食盐加碘前及全民食盐加碘一年后进行碘营养状况调查。结果　全民食盐加碘前已进行了长期碘盐防治碘缺乏病工作的大别山区儿童尿碘中位数由２６９．１μｇ／ Ｌ 升至全民食盐加碘后的３９２０μｇ／ Ｌ，甲肿率由２４％ 下降至１４４％ 。巢湖组儿童尿碘中位数由全民食盐加碘前１９２μｇ／ Ｌ 升至全民食盐加碘后的３８４０μｇ／ Ｌ，甲肿率由５４１％ 降至２０６％ 。合肥市儿童尿碘中位数由全民食盐加碘前７９２μｇ／ Ｌ 升至全民食盐加碘后的２６８８μｇ／ Ｌ，甲肿率由４０％ 升至７５％ 。全民食盐加碘一年后３个地区儿童尿碘超过１００μｇ／ Ｌ 者均占９５％ 以上。结论　全民食盐加碘后不同碘营养地区儿童均在一个碘充足的状态，补碘效果明显。     

Miliary pattern as presentation of leiomyomatosis of the lung

A 30-year-old woman presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion and a rapidly-growing uterine mass. Chest x-ray examination revealed a miliary interstitial nodular pattern in both lung fields. Transbronchial biopsy yielded lung tissue containing multiple nodules of smooth muscle, consistent with benign metastasizing leiomyoma. Subsequent hysterectomy revealed an atypical cellular leiomyoma. We wish to emphasize the need for chest x-ray examination in the workup of uterine tumors in women of reproductive age.     

Bleeding pattern before admission as guideline for emergency endoscopy

In a prospective study of 539 patients admitted because of hematemesis and melena the bleeding pattern before admission was compared with the findings obtained on emergency endoscopy and the subsequent clinical course. Ranked in order of prognostic importance, red hematemesis with melena, black hematemesis with melena, and red hematemesis alone increased the probability of massive hemorrhage. Moreover, black hematemesis with melena was the superior predictor of bleeding ulcer, the commonest lesion carrying the risk of massive hemorrhage. In contrast, in patients with melena or black hematemesis alone massive hemorrhage occurred comparatively infrequently. The order of prognostic importance was supported by the transfusion requirement. In screening for a potentially life-threatening ulcer hemorrhage, emergency endoscopy is recommended in patients with black hematemesis with melena or with red hematemesis with or without melena. In patients presenting with black hematemesis or melena alone endoscopy may be postponed to the next convenient daytime.     

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern as pulmonary involvement of rheumatoid arthritis

The pathologic patterns of lung involvement were evaluated in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They consisted of six females and ten males, with a median age of 67.5 years and diagnosed according to the American Rheumatism Association revised criteria. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs was performed in all patients, and honeycomb formation was apparent in seven. Histopathologically, seven patients were diagnosed with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, seven with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis (NSIP) pattern, and two with UIP/NSIP hybrid pattern. There were no apparent honeycomb formations on HRCT in patients diagnosed with NSIP pattern. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that NSIP pattern is also a significant histologic classification of interstitial pneumonia associated with RA.     

Auxin as a positional signal in pattern formation in plants

By using a novel, extremely sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique we demonstrate in Pinus sylvestris (L.) trees the existence of a steep radial concentration gradient of the endogenous auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, over the lateral meristem responsible for the bulk of plant secondary growth, the vascular cambium. This is the first evidence that plant morphogens, such as indole-3-acetic acid, occur in concentration gradients over developing tissues. This finding gives evidence for a regulatory system in plants based on positional signaling, similar to animal systems.     

Brugada pattern masquerading as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in flecainide toxicity

Flecainide (a class 1c antiarrhythmic) produces a dose-dependent decrease in intracardiac conduction. Its well known common electrocardiographic effects are prolongation of PR and QT intervals and the QRS complex duration. We report a case of flecainide toxicity in an elderly female who presented with a type 1 Brugada pattern who essentially had a previously normal ECG pattern on therapeutic dose of flecainide therapy. The case describes a rare electrocardiographic abnormality induced by flecainide toxicity which otherwise could be easily misinterpreted as a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without lack of expertise and high clinical suspicion.     

Gemfibrozil reduces small low-density lipoprotein more in normolipemic subjects classified as low-density lipoprotein pattern B compared with pattern A

We tested the hypothesis that gemfibrozil has a differential effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distributions and postprandial lipemia that is different in subjects classified as having LDL subclass pattern A or LDL pattern B who do not have a classic lipid disorder. Forty-three normolipemic subjects were randomized to gemfibrozil (1,200 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Lipids and lipoproteins were determined by enzymatic methods. The mass concentrations of lipoproteins in plasma were determined by analytic ultracentrifugation and included the S(f) intervals: 20 to 400 (very LDL), 12 to 20 (intermediate-density lipoprotein), 0 to 12 (LDL), and HDL(2) mass (F(1.20) 3.5 to 9.0) and HDL(3) mass (F(1.20) 0 to 3.5). Postprandial measurements of triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) were taken after the patients consumed a 500 kcal/M(2) test meal. Treatment with gemfibrozil, compared with placebo, significantly reduced fasting plasma triglycerides (difference from placebo +/- SE; -50.2 +/- 20.6 mg/dl, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (-16.4 +/- 7.5 mg/dl, p = 0.04), apolipoprotein B (-16.1 +/- 5.5 mg/dl, p = 0.006), very LDL mass of S(f) 20 to 400 (-50.8 +/- 24.1 mg/dl, p = 0.02), S(f) 20 to 60 (-17.5 +/- 8.5 mg/dl, p = 0.05), S(f) 60 to 100 (-16.2 +/- 8.1 mg/dl, p = 0.05), and increased peak S(F) (0.48 +/- 0.27 Svedberg, p = 0.08). Gemfibrozil reduced the postprandial triglyceride level significantly at 3 (p = 0.04) and 4 (p = 0.05) hours after the test meal. A significantly different subclass response to gemfibrozil was observed in those with LDL pattern A versus B. Those with LDL pattern B had a significantly greater reduction in the small LDL mass S(f) 0 to 7 (p = 0.04), specifically regions S(f) 0 to 3 (p = 0.009) and S(f) 3 to 5 (p = 0.009). In conclusion, normolipemic subjects with either predominantly dense or buoyant LDL respond differently to gemfibrozil as determined by the changes in LDL subclass distribution. Thus, treatment with gemfibrozil may have additional antiatherogenic effects in those with LDL pattern B by decreasing small dense LDL that is not apparent in those with pattern A.     

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern contamination as putative endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors

Extensive work in recent years has suggested that a number of endogenous molecules, their derivatives or degradation products may be potent activators of the innate immune system capable of inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the monocyte-macrophage system and the activation and maturation of dendritic cells. The cytokine-like effects of these endogenous molecules are mediated via Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction pathways in a manner similar to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, recent evidence suggests that the reported cytokine effects of some of these putative endogenous ligands are in fact due to contaminating PAMPs. The reasons for the failure to recognize PAMP contaminants being responsible for the putative TLR ligands of these endogenous molecules include: (i) failure to use highly purified preparations free of PAMP contamination; (ii) failure to recognize the heat sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and (iii) failure to consider contaminant(s) other than LPS. Strategies are proposed to avoid future designation of PAMP contamination as putative endogenous ligands of TLRs.