原子吸收分光光度法测定赣产白术中微量元素

用原子吸收光度法测定白术中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mg、Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd、K、Ni、Co共11种元素的含量。其中Mg、K是人体的常量元素,Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni是人体的必需微量元素,Pb、Cd是人体的非必需微量元素。结果表明,白术含有很多与人体密切相关的元素,具有较高的药用价值。     

几种药食两用野菜中16种元素的含量测评

采用微波消解法处理马齿苋、苋菜和苦菜样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定其中K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Sr、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co、Cr、Al、Ba、Ni和Cd 16种常量和微量元素的含量。16种元素的检出限为0.00003~0.00917μg/ml,回收率90.00%~107.85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。结果显示,马齿苋、苋菜和苦菜中除含有人体必需的常量元素K、Na、Mg、Ca外,还含有Fe、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co等必需的微量元素和其它元素P、Ni、Ba、Al、Sr、Cd、Ba等。     

健康成人血清铜、铁、锌、镉、铅、锰、铬、钙、镁、钾含量的调查研究

应用原子吸收光谱分析法,测定了在南京从事不同作业的360名健康成人血清中Cu、Fe、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn、Cr、Ca、Mg、K 10种元素的含量,经分组统计处理,探讨了不同工种、性别、年龄及工龄与血清元素水平的关系。结果表明,不同工种间血清Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Mn、Pb、Ca、Mg、K含量均有显著性差异;不同年龄段血清Cu、Zn、Cd、Mn、Pb、Mg含量有显著差异;女性血清Cu、Zn、Ca、K含量高于男性,而血清Cd低于男性;不同工龄间血清Cu、Fe、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mg含量有显著性差异。     

微波消解ICP—OES法测定当归中的微量元素

采用微波消解ICO-OES法对当归中的18种微量元素进行测定。结果表明,当归样品中元素含量高低依次是K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Na、Zn、Cu、Mn、Sr、B、Ba、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、As,其中Pb、Cd、As含量甚微。除Pb、Cd、As外,各元素相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.076%,各元素的加标回收率在96%~106%之间。     

上海地区7～20岁人群血清微量元素研究

作者检测了上海地区417名7～20岁人群的血清17种微量元素(包括12种必需微量元素)和3种常量元素的含量。其中血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Cr、Co、Mo、Si、Sn、Ni、V、Ca、P、Mg、Sr、Cd、Pb、Al、Ti共19种元素采用ICAP-9000型等离子体直读光谱仪测定,血清Se由F-78型脉冲极谱仪分析。结果表明,血清Zn、Cu及常量元素等分布比较集中,Cd、Pb、Co、Sr等变异度较大。多数元素与年龄存在相关关系,其中Zn、Fe、Mn、Sr等与年龄呈正相关,Cu、Se、Cr、Pb等则随年龄增长而下降。不同生长发育时期血清多数元素有明显差别,整个人群血清各元素男女间基本一致,但不同时期血清元素有一定性别差异。比较不同地区血清元素的分布,表明市区人群血清Cr、Si、Pb等元素较高,而市郊Cu、Fe、Mn、Sr值较高。     

ICP-OES和ICP-MS测定黄金茶中26种矿质元素含量

收集了2种不同产地的黄金茶样品,经过微波消解或密封消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP—OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP—MS)测定了其中Al,As,B,Ba,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Rb,S,Sb,Se,Sr,V和Zn等26种矿质元素的含量,并用生物标准参考物质灌木枝叶组合样(GBW07603)评价分析了方法的准确度。研究结果表明:黄金茶中人体必需宏量元素K,Na,Ca,Mg,S,P和人体必需微量元素Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn等含量十分丰富,而有害元素Pb,Cd,As,Sb等含量极低。2种不同产地的黄金茶中一些元素的含量存在明显的差异,可能与地壳中化学元素分布的不均一性等因素有关。     

小蓟的不同部位中12种金属元素含量分析测定

用原子吸收光谱法测定了小蓟的不同部位(花、叶、茎、根)中的宏量元素(Ca、Mg、K)和微量元素(Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Pb、Na)。结果表明,小蓟中人体中必需的微量元素Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu等含量均较高,而样品中还测出有毒元素铅。     

半边旗的微量元素测定分析

用等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP)测定草药半边旗中Ca、Cd、Co、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Pb、Zn的含量 ,不同产地的半边旗微量元素含量有差异     

336例健康儿童全血微量元素含量相关性研究

目的:探讨儿童全血中微量元素含量以及各元素间相互协同或拮抗作用。方法:采用原子吸收光谱仪,测定336名1～3岁儿童全血中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)和铁(Fe)含量,并分析各元素间的相互关系。结果:全血微量元素Zn含量较正常值偏低,Pb含量偏高。Ca与Pb、Zn、Cd呈负相关,Fe与Cu、Zn、Ca呈负相关,Pb与Cd呈正相关。结论:儿童期应均衡饮食,合理补充微量元素,以保证儿童健康成长。     

十堰地区儿童静脉血微量元素检测结果

目的:了解各年龄段儿童血清中微量元素的含量,为合理补充微量元素、防治Pb、Cd污染提供科学的理论依据。方法:918例0～12岁儿童按发育阶段分为4组,分别为婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组,取静脉血,采用北京博晖的BH5100型原子吸收光谱仪检测全血Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg和Fe含量,BH2100型原子吸收光谱仪检测Pb和Cd含量。结果:各年龄组间Fe、Cd含量无统计学差异,而不同年龄组间Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Pb含量差异有统计学意义(P0.01),Ca含量随着年龄的增加而降低,而Zn的含量随着年龄的增加而升高。Ca、Cu、Zn缺乏和高Pb率在各年龄组不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而Fe、Mg缺乏以及高Cd与年龄没有明显的关系,各年龄组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:十堰市儿童Ca、Zn、Fe缺乏普遍存在,Cu、Mg缺乏少见,存在一定程度的Pb污染,Cd污染程度较轻,需合理补充微量元素,预防Pb污染。     

五行徵调音乐在白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的 探讨五行徵调音乐对白内障超声乳化患者术中焦虑和疼痛水平的影响.方法 将福建中医药大学附属人民医院眼科100例局麻下行白内障超声乳化患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组术中播放五行徵调音乐.对照组术中不播放,对照组采用常规眼科治疗.两组均采用状态焦虑问卷(state anxiety inventory,S-AI)和...     

Risk factors for cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts: the POLA study. Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age

The POLA (Pathologies Oculaires Liées à L'Age) Study is a population-based study of cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors being carried out among 2,584 residents of Sète, southern France, aged 60-95 years. Recruitment took place between June 1995 and July 1997. Cataract classification was based on a standardized lens examination by slit lamp, according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. This paper presents results obtained from cross-sectional analysis of the first phase of the study. In polytomous logistic regression analyses, an increased risk of cataract was found for female sex (cataract surgery: odds ratio (OR) = 3.03; cortical cataract: OR = 1.67), brown irises (cortical, nuclear, and mixed cataracts: OR = 1.61), smoking (cataract surgery: OR = 2.34 for current smokers and OR = 3.75 for former smokers), known diabetes of 10 or more years' duration (posterior subcapsular, cortical, and mixed cataracts and cataract surgery: OR = 2.72), use of oral corticosteroids for at least 5 years (posterior subcapsular cataract: OR = 3.25), asthma or chronic bronchitis (cataract surgery: OR = 2.04), cancer (posterior subcapsular cataract: OR = 1.92), and cardiovascular disease (cortical cataract: OR = 1.96). Decreased risk of cataract was found with higher education (all types of cataract and cataract surgery: OR = 0.59), hypertension (cataract surgery: OR = 0.57), and high plasma retinol levels (nuclear and mixed cataracts and cataract surgery: OR = 0.75 for a 1-standard-deviation increase). Most of the risk factors identified in this study confirm the findings of other studies. The association of cataract with plasma retinol level requires further investigation.     

Carbohydrate nutrition, glycemic index, and the 10-y incidence of cataract

BACKGROUND: Although dietary carbohydrates are thought to play a role in cataractogenesis, few epidemiologic studies have examined links between carbohydrate nutrition and cataract. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total carbohydrate intake, and 10-y incident nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract. DESIGN: Of 3654 baseline participants in an Australian population aged >/=49 y (1992-1994), 933 were seen after 5 and/or 10 y, had completed a detailed semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, had no previous cataract surgery or baseline cataract, and had photographs taken to assess incident cataract with the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Dietary information was collected with a validated food questionnaire. GI was calculated from a customized database of Australian foods. GI, GL, and all other nutrients were energy adjusted. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of discrete logistic models. RESULTS: After age, sex, diabetes, and other factors were controlled for, each SD increase in GI significantly predicted incident cortical cataract (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.39). Participants within the highest compared with the lowest quartile of GI were more likely to develop incident cortical cataract (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.78; P for trend = 0.035). These findings were similar after excluding participants with diabetes, although they were slightly attenuated and marginally nonsignificant (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.37, per SD increase in GI). No association was found between GI and nuclear or posterior subcapsular cataract and between GL or carbohydrate quantity and any cataract subtype. CONCLUSION: In an Australian cohort, poorer dietary carbohydrate quality, reflected by high GI, predicted incident cortical cataract.     

A rural population based case-control study of senile cataract in India

PURPOSE: Senile cataract contributes to 75% of blindness in India and there is a growing backlog of cataract cases needing surgery. The present study seeks clues to the etiology of senile cataract, so that strategies to prevent or even delay cataract formation could be planned. METHODS: Using a community based case-control design, 258 cases & 308 controls from one centre and 301 cases & 591 controls from another were studied. The subjects were from rural areas and were aged 40-60 years. Logistic regression analysis technique was employed to study the associations between senile cataract and various variables. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure, duration of exposure to sunlight per day were associated with senile cataract in both the centres (OR = 1.4 & 1.5 for systolic BP and 1.6 & 1.4 for exposure to sunlight). Utilization of rice gruel (OR = 0.5), duration of exposure to fire & dust per day (OR = 1.8), family history of cataract (OR = 5.0), use of cheap cooking fuels (OR = 1.8), increased height (OR = 0.7) and increased number of hours of work per day (OR = 0.7) were other variables that showed significant association in either of the centres. CONCLUSION: Senile cataract appears to have a multi factorial etiology. Though the study provided some clues to the etiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed to know the specific role of these factors in the causation of cataract, so that any preventive or control measures could be initiated in the community. Till such time, we have to fall back on the available surgical approach in control of senile cataract.     

基于竞争风险模型的离退休人员白内障发病的影响因素分析

目的 应用竞争风险模型,探究离退休人员白内障发病的影响因素,为离退休人员的白内障预防和早期干预提供科学依据。方法 将历年参与杭州市萧山区55岁及以上离退休人员体检项目的人员作为研究对象,纳入前瞻性队列研究,收集研究对象所有可能的影响因素,拟合竞争风险模型,分析研究对象白内障发病的影响因素。结果 纳入队列的研究对象共计2 181人,经过8年的随访失访188人,发生白内障（终点事件）923人,发病率为42.3%,在发生白内障之前死亡或失明（竞争事件）294人,累积观察到12 575人年,竞争风险模型分析显示,在有竞争事件的影响下,女性（HR=1.371, 95%CI:1.202～1.565）、年龄≥70岁（HR=1.027, 95%CI:1.020～1.034）、教育程度为中学（HR=1.940, 95%CI:1.673～2.250）或大专及以上（HR=1.301, 95%CI:1.104～1.533）、高血压（HR=1.384, 95%CI:1.216～1.575）、糖尿病（HR=1.303, 95%CI:1.144～1.484）、高血脂（HR=1.209, 95%CI:1.063～1....     

Prospective study of cataract extraction and risk of coronary heart disease in women

Oxidative damage to proteins in the human lens is believed to be important in the etiology of age-related cataract. Because free radical-mediated oxidative damage to lipoproteins may accelerate atherosclerosis, the authors hypothesized that the development of cataract might be a marker for such damage and therefore might be associated with future risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The authors followed 60,657 women aged 45--63 years and without known coronary disease, stroke, or cancer in 1984. During 10 years of follow-up (674,283 person-years), the authors documented 887 incident cases of CHD and 2,322 deaths. After adjustment for age, smoking, and other coronary risk factors, cataract extraction was significantly associated with higher risk of CHD (relative risk (RR) = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41, 2.50) for total CHD, 2.44 (95% CI: 1.54, 3.89) for fatal CHD, and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.34) for nonfatal myocardial infarction). The positive association between cataract extraction and total CHD was stronger among women with a history of diabetes (RR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.77, 4.42) than among those without reported diabetes (RR = 1.51, 95 percent CI: 1.04, 2.18). In multivariate analyses, cataract extraction was associated with significantly increased overall mortality (RR = 1.37, 95 percent CI: 1.13, 1.66), which was entirely explained by the increased mortality from cardiovascular disease (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.64). These findings are compatible with current hypotheses relating oxidative damage and tissue aging to the development of cataract and CHD.     

硬核白内障超声乳化及小切口手术效果分析

目的比较硬核白内障采取超声乳化手术及小切口非超声乳化白内障手术效果。方法自2007年5月至2011年01月我科行Ⅳ、Ⅴ级核白内障手术并人工晶状体植入术患者120例143眼,根据所行术式将其分为两组,A组（超乳组）：68例,76眼;B组（小切口组）：52例,67眼,比较两组术后视力、角膜散光、术中及术后并发症情况。结果 A、B两组术后1周及1个月视力、角膜散光程度无差别;超乳组术中及术后并发症多于小切口组。结论对于硬核白内障,采取小切口非超声乳化白内障手术效果较好。     

Serum ascorbic acid and other correlates of self-reported cataract among older Americans

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of self-reported cataract among older Americans, and specifically, to determine whether serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with a decreased prevalence of cataract. A national probability survey of Americans, the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), was conducted between 1976 and 1980. A total of 4001 participants were included between the ages of 60 and 74 years with data on serum ascorbic acid level and other variables of interest. A total of 252 women (12%) and 164 men (9%) reported a history of cataract. Serum ascorbic acid level was inversely associated with prevalence of cataract in multiple logistic regression analyses; each 1 mg/dl increase was independently associated with a 26% decrease in cataract (P = 0.03). Other independent correlates of cataract included increasing age, female sex, smoking, and diabetes mellitus (all P < 0.01). We identified four correlates of cataract among older Americans: serum ascorbic acid level, increasing age, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant found in high concentrations in the lens, may be of importance for the prevention of cataract among older Americans.     

Combination of diabetes and cataract worsens the oxidative stress and micronutrient status in Indians

OBJECTIVES: We examined the synergism of cataract and diabetes in micronutrient and antioxidant statuses versus diabetes mellitus and cataract alone. METHODS: Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (D; n = 76), those without diabetes and with cataract (NDC; n = 100), those with diabetes and cataract (DC; n = 53), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 90) 50-70 y were investigated. Plasma oxidative stress as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and the status of 11 micronutrients were studied as lens TBARS, opacity, and ratio of soluble to total proteins in patients with cataract with or without diabetes. Lipid profile, fasting glucose, and postprandial glucose were measured for all subjects. RESULTS: A subnormal status of ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, thiamine, and ceruloplasmin was elicited for all four study groups. Plasma TBARS and fasting glucose were significantly higher in the DC group than in the NDC (P < 0.05), D, and control groups. Lens TBARS were comparable between the NDC and DC groups (5.5 and 5.08 nm/g of lens). Chi-square values for lens turbidity within the DC and NDC groups and for the ratio of soluble to total proteins and opacity within the NDC group were significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of poor riboflavin status was 30-36% in all patients and 15-22.5% in controls. Men in the DC group showed a higher value of glycosylated hemoglobin than did men from the D group. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant interactions (P < 0.02) between HS and socioeconomic grades for fasting glucose and high-density lipoprotein levels, riboflavin status, plasma vitamin C, TBARS, and selenium. The DC group was found to be significantly different from the other groups with respect to beta-coefficients of a logistic regression equation for plasma levels of selenium, zinc, iron, thiamine, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, ceruloplasmin, vitamin A, and superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSION: The combination of diabetes and cataract coupled with gender bias and influence of socioeconomic factors seem to be associated with worsening of micronutrient status, oxidative stress, and lens opacity.     

A prospective study of blood pressure and risk of cataract in men

PURPOSE: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Blood pressure has been identified as a risk factor in some, but not all, previous studies. We aimed to test prospectively the hypothesis that high blood pressure increases risk of age-related cataract. METHODS: Participants in the Physicians' Health Study of 22,071 men aged 40 to 84 years in 1982 completed annual questionnaires that provided medical history including self-reported blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, and cataract. Over 12 years, 1392 cataracts were confirmed by medical record review among 17,762 physicians with complete data and no reported cataract at baseline. We used proportional hazards regression models to examine relations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hypertension, as well as antihypertensive medications with cataract, after control for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: In models adjusting for age and randomized treatment assignment, there was a significant relationship of SBP, but not DBP, hypertension, or antihypertensive medications (each p > or = 0.23) with incident cataract. Estimates were attenuated after adjusting for multiple potential confounders, although the relationship of SBP with incident cataract remained significant. The multivariate adjusted rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of cataract for SBP > or = 150 versus < 120 mm Hg was 1.31 (1.04-1.66), p for trend = 0.04. For DBP > or = 90 versus < 70 mm Hg, the estimate was 1.11 (0.84-1.45), p for trend = 0.33.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these data suggest that the relationship of blood pressure with cataract is not strong, and is subject to confounding by other risk factors. The modest magnitude of the association with SBP and lack of significant relationships with DBP and hypertension may suggest a non-causal relationship of blood pressure with cataract.