异丙酚闭环与开环靶控输注用于硬膜外麻醉病人清醒镇静的比较

目的:评价BIS作为异丙酚靶控输注的反馈控制变量用于硬膜外麻醉病人清醒镇静的可行性。方法:60例择期在硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部或下肢手术的病人,随机均分为两组:靶控输注组和反馈靶控输注组。异丙酚的血浆靶控浓度均设定为1.8μg/mL,靶控输注组整个手术期维持不变,反馈靶控输注组BIS作为控制变量设定在75。记录并比较两组间BIS值、OAA/S评分、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的最高值和最低值、异丙酚的单位标准化剂量、定向力恢复时间、术中的遗忘程度和满意度。结果:两组间BIS值、OAA/S评分、平均动脉压的最高值和最低值及定向力恢复时间均有统计学差异(P<0.05);反馈靶控组异丙酚总剂量低于靶控输注组(P<0.01),单位标准化剂量亦较低(P<0.01);两组病人术中的遗忘程度和满意度的比较无显著性差异。结论:BIS作为异丙酚反馈控制变量是可行的,此输注系统为硬膜外麻醉病人提供了适宜的镇静深度,且异丙酚用量少,定向力恢复快,术中血流动力学稳定。     

异丙酚和咪达唑仑靶控输注用于硬膜外麻醉病人术中镇静的对比研究

目的 观察异丙酚和咪达唑仑靶控输注（TCI）用于硬膜外麻醉病人术中镇静的效果．为临床工作提供指导。方法 下腹部手术病人40例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分成两组,每组20例。Ⅰ组为硬膜外麻醉复合TCI异丙酚组,Ⅱ组为硬膜外麻醉复合TCI咪达唑仑组。硬膜外麻醉效果满意后开始TCI,利用警觉-镇静（（OAA／S）评分和脑电双频指数（BIS）监测镇静程度,OAA／S评分发生变化时记录即刻的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）、BIS及血药浓度。术中保持OAA／S评分于3分水平,如病人出现躁动则加深至2分。术中监测不良反应,手术结束前停TCI,观察苏醒时间。结果 不同OAA／S砰分时两组病人MAP、HR、SpO2、BIS均有明显改变,组间比较无显著差异。两组病人不良反应发生率无明显差异。苏醒时间Ⅰ组短于Ⅱ组（t=5．15．P〈0．01）。OAA／S评分与BIS呈正相关（r=0．829、0．871．P〈0、01）,BIS与血药浓度呈负相关（r=0．771、0．687,P〈0．01）。结论 异丙酚和咪达唑仑靶控输注用于硬膜外麻醉病人的术中镇静安全有效．BIS与OAA/S评分可有效指导TCI用药,值得临床推广。     

皮肤电传导率用于硬膜外麻醉丙泊酚镇静的监测

目的探讨在硬膜外麻醉下靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)异丙酚镇静下,皮肤电传导率(skin conductance,SC)在监测意识状态的应用。方法择期硬膜外麻醉骨科手术患者30例,年龄22~47岁,体重51~83 kg,美国麻醉医师协会(The American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,无术前用药,无心、肺疾病,无气道通气障碍;硬膜外麻醉起效后,用异丙酚输注泵靶控异丙酚,以0.6μg/ml为初始浓度,以0.6μg/ml递增,直至改良镇静警醒(OAA/S)评分≤2级,停止靶控输注,患者逐步恢复意识,直至OAA/S评分恢复至5级,每3分钟评价OAA/S评分,同时记录SC、MAP和HR。结果 SC能较好地反映病人镇静时的意识状态(P<0.01);OAA/S评分与SC有显著相关性,r为-0.859(P<0.01),明显好于MAP和HR。结论 SC能正确反映靶控输注异丙酚镇静时的镇静深度。     

异丙酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注在胃镜诊疗中的应用研究

目的研究异丙酚静注联合应用瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI)在胃镜诊疗中的镇静效果和安全性。方法实行无痛胃镜诊疗的60例患者,随机分为2组,分别予以异丙酚静注联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注(RP组)和单纯静注异丙酚镇静(P组),观察诱导前、进镜时、诊疗时及术毕时BIS、SpO2、平均动脉压(MAP)、HR的变化以及比较检查操作时间、意识消失时间、意识恢复时间、异丙酚用量。结果与诱导前相比,2组术中BIS降低(P<0.05),P组术中MAP和HR及术毕时HR降低(P<0.05)。与P组比较,RP组术中BIS升高(P<0.05),MAP、HR、SpO2差异无显著性。结论瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合异丙酚静注用于胃镜检查及治疗时,麻醉迅速、平稳,苏醒快,镇静效果满意。     

Aspect和HXD国产脑电双频指数仪的临床评估

目的研究Aspect和HXD脑电双频指数监测仪(BIS)与麻醉镇静程度的相关性以及两者的差异性.方法根据麻醉分级术前评估标准ASA,10例Ⅰ～Ⅱ级女性行普外或妇科手术病人,于同一病人同时连接两台BIS仪,分为H组和A组,以警觉/镇静(OAA/S)作为镇静评分,记录麻醉诱导及苏醒过程中BIS的变化值,并记录其血压(MAP)、心率(HR).麻醉诱导和维持异丙酚采用靶控输注技术(TCI),调整异丙酚的靶浓度,使BIS值维持在40～60之间.分析麻醉诱导和苏醒期OAA/S分别为5、4、3、2时两组的BIS值、MAP、HR值. 结果两组的BIS与OAA/S的相关性均接近于1(P<0.01).配对t检验无显著性差异(P>0.05).MAP和HR与OAA/S无相关性(P>0.05). 结论 Aspect 和HXD 都能很好地反映麻醉的镇静程度,而且HXD的性能与Aspect相似,在临床有广泛的应用前景.     

硬膜外阻滞麻醉对异丙酚的增强作用及对脑电监测可靠性的影响

目的　探讨硬膜外阻滞对异丙酚全麻诱导用量的影响及相应脑电监测参数的变化。方法　 30例择期行上腹部手术病人 ,随机分为硬膜外复合全麻组 (GE)和全麻组 (G) ,每组 15例。异丙酚输注通过TCI系统(Diprifusor)进行 ,以预期血浆药物浓度为靶控目标 ,最初设定目标血药浓度为 1.0 μg/mL ,以后每 3min递增0 .2μg/mL ,直至OAA/S(镇静 /醒觉评分 )从 5分 (清醒 )降至 1分 (对轻推无反应 )。每次调整目标血药浓度前行OAA/S评分 ,并记录即时的异丙酚预期效应室浓度 (ce)、BIS、AAI、MAP、HR和SPO2 。结果　OAA/S评分从 5分到 1分时所需异丙酚预期ceGE组较G组为低 ,在 1分水平时差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。AAI和BIS值随着镇静程度的加深逐渐下降 ,与OAA/S评分之间的相关性较好 ;在相同OAA/S评分水平时 ,两组的AAI和BIS值水平无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。AAI和BIS值与异丙酚预期ce之间呈直线负相关。结论　硬膜外阻滞可以增强异丙酚的镇静催眠作用 ,而数量化脑电参数AAI和BIS在此过程中仍能较准确地反映麻醉深度     

小儿异丙酚靶控输注镇静的临床研究

目的 观察将Marsh成人药代参数靶控输注异丙酚用于小儿术中镇静的安全性和可行性,评价脑电双频指数(BIS)与镇静程度的相关性.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ级无神经精神系统疾患择期行腹股沟斜疝修补术小儿20例,所有患者术前均不用镇静药.常规监测血压、心电图、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),连接脑电监护仪监测BIS.用TCI技术输注异丙酚镇静,用镇静警醒评分(OAA/S)评价镇静程度.充分镇静后,实施骶管或硬膜外阻滞.记录不同时点的血压、心率、BIS、OAA/S、丙泊酚预期理论浓度(Cp)以及诱导时间、苏醒时间、丙自酚用量及并发症.结果 平均诱导时间为(即清醒至OAA/S≤1)(302.6±60)s,相应BIS为66±10;靶控后恢复时间(即停药至OAA/S≥2)(14.6±3.3)min,相应BIS为86.2±6.0;异丙酚诱导剂量(1.9±0.7)mg/kg,异丙酚维持剂量(8.3±3.3)mg·kg-1·h-1,异丙酚目标浓度保持在2～3 mg/L,术中BIS值保持在62±11.诱导及维持中血压、心率稳定,未出现呼吸抑制(SpO2≥95%).BIS与镇静评分的相关性较好.结论 Marsh成人药代参数靶控输注异丙酚用于小儿术中镇静安全有效,BIS是较好的镇静程度监测指标.     

异丙酚TCI与BIS技术用于硬膜外阻滞清醒镇静的效果

目的 评价异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)在硬膜外阻滞麻醉不同镇静分级的脑电双频谱指数(BIS)与生命体征变化。方法 择期硬膜外麻醉下行中下腹部手术的53例患者,采用自身对照,比较在不同Ramsay分级时异丙酚靶控输注的效应部位浓度(ESC)与BIS值生命体征变化。结果 在Ramsay 4级时的(ESC)为1.66±0.16,BIS为78.50±4.60,生命体征平稳,其HR,MAP,RRS,SPO_2与Ramsay 2级比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);与Ramsay 5级、6级比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论 随着异丙酚靶控输注的效应部位浓度(ESC)的增加,BIS值呈计量相关性下降并能指导镇静分级,在硬膜外阻滞麻醉下Ramsay镇静4级时最为合适,生命体征平稳,并发症少。     

异丙酚靶控输注对腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉病人的镇静作用

目的:研究对腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉病人实行异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)镇静的临床可行性.方法:选择30例妇科手术病人,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,靶控浓度最初为0.5 μg/ml,随后每3 min递增0.3μg/ml,当OAA/S评分达2分,再以0.1μg/ml递减,记录不同OAA/S评分的异丙酚效应浓度(Ce)、脑电双频谱指数(BIS)及BP、HR、SPO2.观察镇静期间病人的不良反应.结果:苏醒时间为(4.2±0.4)min.各OAA/S评分之间异丙酚Ce、BIS值、SBP、SDP、SPO2总体分布均不同或不全相同(P＜0.01).OAA/S评分2分、3分、4分时异丙酚Ce分别为(2.18±0.17)μg/ml、(1.85±0.19)μg/ml和(0.89±0.10)μg/ml,BIS值分别为(71.2±3.1)、(79.8±9.2)和(92.3±3.0).OAA/S评分与异丙酚Ce、BIS值的r1=-0.92(n=90,P＜0.01)和r2=0.89(n=150,P＜0.01);BLS值与异丙酚Ce的r3=-0.97(n=90,P＜0.01),它们的直线回归方程为BIS=-15.0Ce 105.9.结论:异丙酚TCI与BIS结合用于腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉的术中镇静具有更好的可控性,镇静深度适中,对正常体重的中青年病人的呼吸循环影响较小.     

异丙酚TCI及CSI技术在硬膜外麻醉下清醒镇静的应用

目的研究异丙酚TCI及CSI技术用于硬膜外麻醉下清醒镇静的有效性.方法60例择期在硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部、下肢手术患者,硬膜外麻醉效果确且后,行异丙酚TCI清醒镇静,记录OAA/S评分在4、3、2、1分时效应室靶浓度、CSI值,及MAP、HR、SpO2变化和术中不良反应.结果OAA/S评分在4、3、2、1分时效应室靶浓度、CSI值分别为0.98±0.19、1.36±0.13、1.75±0.16、2.16±0.23,和86.2±11.2、74.7±9.4、61.8±9.7、52.3±12.3,CSI值与OAA/S评分相关系数r=0.893(P＜0.01),有显著相关性.结论硬膜外麻醉下行异丙酚TCI清醒镇静可控性强,循环、呼吸维持稳定,CSI技术可较好地反应镇静程度,指导临床用药.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.