CG、TBA联合AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ检测在HBV感染相关肝脏疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨CG、TBA联合AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ检测在HBV感染相关肝脏疾病诊断中的意义.方法 应用回顾性研究模型,选取2019年1月至2020年10月于徐州医科大学第二附属医院住院的肝病患者为研究对象,其中乙肝患者60例(肝炎组)、肝硬化患者60例[肝硬化组(肝硬化代偿组36例)、(肝硬化失代偿组24例)]、原发性肝癌患者60例(肝癌组),选取同期健康体检者60例为健康对照组.所有入组者均进行血清甘胆酸(CG)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、维生素K缺乏Ⅱ诱导蛋白(PIVKA-Ⅱ)等肝病生物学指标水平测定,比较各指标水平在肝脏疾病中的差异,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),并比较各指标单独检测和联合检测对肝脏疾病的诊断中效能.结果 肝癌组的AFP、PIVKA-II、CG和TBA水平均高于肝硬化组、肝炎组和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).肝硬化代偿组的AFP、PIVKA-II、CG和TBA水平均低于肝硬化失代偿组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).CG诊断早期肝硬化的AUC最大;AFP鉴别肝硬化代偿期与肝硬化非代偿期及肝炎的AUC最大;PIVKA-II鉴别肝硬化失代偿期和肝癌的AUC最大.四项指标联合诊断早期肝硬化的AUC最高为0.974,灵敏度(98.3％)和特异性(91.7％)高于其他单一指标;四项指标联合鉴别肝硬化代偿期与肝硬化非代偿期的特异性最高为88.9％;AFP+PIVKA-II联合鉴别肝硬化失代偿期和肝癌的灵敏度最高为100％;AFP+CG联合检测鉴别肝硬化代偿期和肝炎的特异性最高为95.0％.结论 CG、TBA、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ检测在HBV感染相关肝脏疾病诊断中均具有一定的诊断价值,联合检测对HBV感染相关肝脏疾病的鉴别诊断及评估肝脏受损程度具有重要的临床意义.     

血清PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和GGT对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的 通过检测血清肿瘤标志物PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和GGT的水平,探讨这3个检测项目在原发性肝癌中的诊断价值,进而为原发性肝癌的早期诊断提供有力的依据.方法 研究对象为已证实患原发性肝癌(PHC)的住院患者,对照为健康体检人员与患肝良性疾病患者.分别测定血清PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和GGT水平,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC),明确最佳临界值(cut-off value),评价3项指标对原发性肝癌的诊断价值.结果 血清PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和GGT水平在原发性肝癌与肝胆良性疾病和健康体检者比较时,3项指标的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01).3项指标用于诊断原发性肝癌绘制的ROC曲线,AUCPIVKA-Ⅱ=0.882,AUCAFP=0.833,AUCGGT=0.703,可见,在诊断PHC方面,单项指标中PIVKA-Ⅱ具备最高的诊断价值,其次为AFP,诊断价值最低的为GGT.分析PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP与GGT血清水平对PHC的诊断效率,灵敏度PIVKA-Ⅱ最高为73.0％(AFP:55.7％,GGT:47.8％),特异性AFP最高为97.9％(PIVKA-Ⅱ:96.5％,GGT:73.4％),阳性预测值AFP最高为95.5％(PIVKA-Ⅱ:94.4％,GGT:59.1％),阴性预测值PIVKA-Ⅱ最高为81.7％(AFP:73.3％,GGT:63.6％),准确性PIVKA-Ⅱ最高为86.0％(AFP:79.1％,GGT:62.0％).当3项指标联合检测时,特异性和阳性预测值略有下降,而灵敏度上升到80.9％(单项检测最高的PIVKA-Ⅱ为73.0％),阴性预测值上升到86.0％(单项检测最高的PIVKA-Ⅱ为81.7％),准确性上升到88.4％(单项检测最高的PIVKA-Ⅱ为86.0％).结论 单项指标中PIVKA-Ⅱ有较好的灵敏度和准确性,AFP具有较好的特异性,而AFP和GGT水平对于PIVKA-Ⅱ阴性的原发性肝癌的诊断具有较好的补充作用.因此,3项指标联合测定,能够使PHC的诊断准确性与灵敏度提升.     

血清AFP、AFP-L3及PIVKA-Ⅱ联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清中肿瘤标志物AFP、AFP-L3及异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)单独以及联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析从我院收集到的肝病患者共243例,其中PHC组98例,病毒性肝炎组63例,肝硬化组82例,另外从我院体检科选取80例体检健康者作为正常对照组,对以上所有研究对象进行血清AFP、AFP-L3及PIVKA-Ⅱ的检测和分析。结果PHC组血清中AFP、AFP-L3及PIVKA-Ⅱ中位水平均明显高于正常对照组、病毒性肝炎组及肝硬化组(P均<0.05)。AFP、AFP-L3及PIVKA-Ⅱ诊断PHC时ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.843、0.610及0.901。血清中这三种肿瘤标志物诊断PHC时单独检测的灵敏度分别为69.4%、61.2%、80.6%,特异性分别为77.2%、89.0%、82.7%,联合检测串联时特异性提高到95.1%,并联时灵敏度提高到91.8%。结论血清AFP、AFP-L3和PIVKA-Ⅱ在临床上对于PHC的诊断有着非常高的临床价值,三项指标联合检测对于PHC的诊断效能有明显提高。     

血清标志物GP73在原发性肝癌诊断中的作用

目的分析GP73在原发性肝癌诊断中的作用,探讨血清GP73和AFP联合检测对原发性肝癌诊断的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）定量检测60例体检正常者（正常对照）、178例慢性肝炎或肝硬化（CH／LC）患者和194例原发性肝癌（PHC）患者血清中的GP73,同时采用电化学发光法检测血清中AFP的水平。结果经Kruskal—Wallis检验正常对照组、CH／LC组和PHC组GP73表达水平的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）且PHC组的GP73水平明显高于CH／LC组（P〈0．001）。以ROC曲线确诊PHC的GP73临界值为190．7ng／ml,AFP的临界值为35．2ng／ml,单项检测时,GP73的敏感度和特异度分别为66．5％和86．6％,AFP的敏感度与特异度分别为58．8％和83．7％。GP73和AFP联合检测时敏感度与特异度分别为85．6％和81．5％。结论GP73对PHC的诊断有较好的敏感度和特异性,血清GP73联合AFP检测能够有效地提高PHC的诊断效率。     

AFP与PIVKA-Ⅱ联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的应用研究

目的 探究甲胎蛋白AFP与异常凝血酶原PIVKA-Ⅱ对原发性肝癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性研究首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院2016年1月至3月收治的肝病患者268例,其中病毒性肝炎患者59例、肝硬化患者96例、其他肝病患者33例和原发性肝癌患者80例(早期50例、晚期30例),对其AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ的检测结果进行统计分析.结果 原发性肝癌组血清AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ水平明显高于其他疾病组(P ＜0.005);AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.854和0.926,两指标联合诊断原发性肝癌的ROC曲线下面积为0.951;血清AFP单独诊断原发性肝癌的敏感性和特异性分别为87.50％和66.49％,PIVKA-Ⅱ单独诊断原发性肝癌的敏感性和特异性分别为90.00％和85.11％.联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断效率,并联联检可将敏感性提高到97.50％;串联联测可将特异性提高到94.15％;经相关性分析发现,在早期原发性肝癌的诊断上两指标Spearman相关系数为0.044(P =0.763),两者无相关性.结论 血清PIVKA-Ⅱ用于诊断原发性肝癌有较高的敏感性和特异性,其诊断价值高于AFP;两指标在早期原发性肝癌的诊断上没有相关性,两指标联合可以明显提高早期原发性肝癌的诊断效率.     

异常凝血酶原Ⅱ和甲胎蛋白联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的:分析异常凝血酶原Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)联合检测对原发性肝癌(PLC)的诊断价值。方法:选取2021-02-2022-06本院诊断为PLC的患者204例(肝癌组),以及同期于本院就诊的慢性病毒性肝炎患者126例(肝炎组)和健康体检者224例(对照组)。检测所有研究对象血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ水平并比较组间各指标的差异,分析AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ与肝功能指标的相关性,Logistic回归分析PLC的危险因素,ROC曲线分析有关指标对PLC的诊断价值。结果:肝癌组患者血清PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP水平显著高于对照组和肝炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,肝癌组患者血清AFP与AST(r=0.225,P<0.01)和GGT(r=0.206,P<0.01)呈正相关;PIVKA-Ⅱ与ALT(r=0.144,P<0.05)、AST(r=0.445,P<0.01)、ALP(r=0.304,P<0....     

血清AFP、AFP-L3及GP73在原发性肝癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用评价

目的研究血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)和高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)单独和联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取中国科技大学附属第一医院2017年1月至2019年6月共263例血清标本,其中原发性肝癌患者76例、乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者40例、乙型肝炎肝硬化患者44例、慢性乙型肝炎患者43例、乙肝病毒携带者30例及同期健康体检者30例,采用酶联免疫分析法检测血清标本GP73水平,采用微量离心柱法分离血清标本的AFP-L3,用罗氏化学发光法同时检测AFP与AFP-L3水平,并计算AFP-L3在AFP中的比率。比较6组AFP、AFP-L3、GP73的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行分析,比较三个项目单项和联合检测的灵敏度、特异性及准确率。结果AFP和GP73、AFP-L3在PHC患者的血清中均可被检测,且血清水平均显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),但PHC和LC失代偿期GP73均为高表达,分别为203.75ng/mL和157.61ng/mL(两者比较P>0.05)。单项指标分析,AFP的灵敏度最高(77.60%),ROC曲线下面积最大(0.803),AFP-L3的特异性和准确率最高,分别为98.90%和82.89%;在联合检测中,AFP联合AFP-L3特异性达到98.40%,准确率为85.38%;结论单项检测AFP的灵敏度较高,AFP-L3的特异性高,对于肝癌与非肝癌的鉴别诊断非常有价值;而联合检测中,AFP联合AFP-L3组合最佳,有助于临床医生减少误诊率,降低职业风险。     

异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)检测在肝细胞癌中的临床价值

分别在全自动免疫分析仪(化学发光法)和全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪(电化学发光法)上测定手术前的100例肝细胞癌患者、68例肝硬化和22例慢性乙肝患者以及100例健康体检者的PVKIA-Ⅱ和AFP的血清水平,探讨其与AFP单项及联合检测在肝细胞癌的诊断价值。结果显示肝细胞癌患者PVKIA-Ⅱ和AFP的血清水平分别与肝硬化、慢性乙肝患者和正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。以试剂盒参考值为诊断点时,PVKIA-Ⅱ在肝细胞癌的敏感性和特异性分别为94%和88.9%,均高于AFP(76%和88.4%)。PVKIA-Ⅱ的敏感性与肝癌患者的临床分期显著相关,随着分期的升高而升高。在Ⅰ期的肝细胞癌患者中,PVKIA-Ⅱ和AFP的敏感性均为66.7%,而二者联合检测的敏感性达到88.9%。PVKIA-Ⅱ和AFP单项和联合检测的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.948、0.906和0.961,以约登指数为诊断点时,PVKIA-Ⅱ检测的敏感性和特异性分别为96.0%和88.9%,高于AFP(86.0%和83.7%)。以单变量统计分析治疗前PVKIA-Ⅱ在不同临床特征的肝细胞癌中的表达。结果表明PVKIA-Ⅱ表达敏感性在不同肿块大小和数量的肝癌患者中差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而在不同年龄、性别、发现肝癌途径、表面抗原状态、合并肝硬化情况、门脉瘤栓及转移情况以及AFP水平的患者中的表达敏感性差异无统计学意义。AFP阴性肝癌患者PVKIA-Ⅱ敏感性达92%。因此,化学发光法检测PVKIA-Ⅱ在肝细胞癌的筛查、早期诊断、预后判断方面具有良好的临床运用价值,其与AFP联合检测可提高肝细胞癌的早期诊断效率。     

高尔基体蛋白-73对肝细胞癌的诊断价值与临床意义

目的 通过检测肝癌患者血清中的GP73含量,探讨其对于肝癌诊断和临床治疗的意义.方法 利用上转发光免疫呈析技术对302例肝癌、慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者和正常对照血清样本进行GP73含量检测,同时应用电化学发光方法检测AFP作为比较.并应用ROC曲线分析其诊断效能,并对HCC患者进行治疗前后GP73定期检测分析治疗效果.结果 肝癌患者GP73含量为(160.83±37.24) ng/ml,显著高于慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者和正常对照；GP73在诊断肝癌和慢性肝炎和肝硬化的ROC曲线下面积为0.907,高于AFP的ROC曲线下面积0.727；并确定110 ng/ml最为其临界值,其敏感性为84.7％,特异度为75.8％；对AFP＜ 400 ng/ml肝癌患者,GP73的检出率为71.15％；治疗后GP73含量总体呈现下降趋势.结论 GP73对于HCC诊断具有较高的灵敏性,可补充AFP在灵敏性方面的不足,可用于监测肝癌治疗效果.     

高尔基体蛋白73和甲胎蛋白联检在原发性肝癌诊断中的临床应用

目的:为了探讨高尔基体蛋白73(Golgi protein73,GP73)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)联检在原发性肝癌(primary hepatic carcinoma,PHC)诊断中的临床应用。方法:采集57例PHC患者、30例良性肝胆疾病患者(胆结石和肝炎)和33例正常对照组血清。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定GP73、时间分辨荧光免疫分析(time resolved fluorescent immunoassay,TrFIA)测定AFP。计算GP73和AFP诊断PHC的敏感性、特异性、准确度以及阴、阳性预测值,并应用Logistic回归和ROC曲线对各指标进行分析。结果:57例PHC患者血清GP73和AFP水平均明显高于30例良性肝胆疾病组与33例正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。良性肝胆疾病组血清GP73水平高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。GP73和AFP联检,其敏感性为92.98%、特异性为88.89%、准确度为90.83%;阳、阴性预测值分别为88.33%和90.32%,与单项指标相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。GP73、AFP的曲线下面积(area under the ROC cure,AUC)分别为0.900、0.802;两项联检AUC达0.929,>各单项,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血清GP73和AFP是PHC的肿瘤标志物,GP73诊断PHC的价值明显高于AFP。两项联检优于单一的肿瘤标志物,并可提高诊断PHC的正确性。     

Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma

Background: Racemic albuterol is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol (levalbuterol), which is responsible for the bronchodilator effect, and (S)-albuterol, which provides no benefit and may be detrimental. Objective: We sought to compare 2 doses of a single enantiomer, levalbuterol (0.63 mg and 1.25 mg), and equivalent amounts of levalbuterol administered as racemic albuterol with placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Three hundred sixty-two patients 12 years of age or older were treated with study drug administered by means of nebulization 3 times daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was peak change in FEV₁ after 4 weeks. Results: The change in peak FEV₁ response to the first dose in the combined levalbuterol group was significantly greater compared with the combined racemic albuterol group (0.92 and 0.82 L, respectively; P = .03), with similar but nonsignificant results after 4 weeks (0.84 and 0.74 L, respectively). Improvement in FEV₁ was similar for levalbuterol 0.63 mg and racemic albuterol 2.5 mg and greatest for levalbuterol 1.25 mg. Racemic albuterol 1.25 mg demonstrated the weakest bronchodilator effect, particularly after chronic dosing. The greatest increase in FEV₁ was seen after levalbuterol 1.25 mg, especially in subjects with severe asthma. All active treatments were well tolerated, and β-adrenergic side effects after administration of levalbuterol 0.63 mg were reduced relative to levalbuterol 1.25 mg or racemic albuterol 2.5 mg. At week 4, the predose FEV₁ value was greatest in patients who received levalbuterol or placebo when compared with those who received racemic albuterol. The difference was more evident and was statistically significant in patients who were not receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Conclusion: Levalbuterol appears to provide a better therapeutic index than the standard dose of racemic albuterol. These results support the concept that (S)-albuterol may have detrimental effects on pulmonary function. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:943-52.)     

Infectious diseases and immunological markers associated with patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab

Background: The use of rituximab (RTX) is increasing, even in developing countries. It has become the first-line therapy or adjuvant to chemotherapy (CHOP; cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone) for various diseases, including B cell lymphoma and autoimmune diseases.

Aim: We describe the infectious diseases and immunological markers associated with RTX treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Methods: Serum immunoglobulins were determined before and after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) administration. Pneumo-23IgG-specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies were evaluated before and after vaccination. Immunophenotyping and lymphocyte proliferation were determined in the course of the treatment.

Results: Seven patients were followed and median age was 56.0?±?5.0?years (range, 41.9–71.6?years). At baseline, the mean level of IgG was 333.7?±?40.8?and IgM 40.9?±?11.3?mg/dL, respectively; immunoglobulin A and E (IgA and IgE) were under the limit of detection. Two patients had reduced or absent B cells and T cell subsets were at normal levels in five patients. All patients failed to mount an efficient post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B virus, tetanus, diphtheria and against the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. During RTX/CHOP treatment, human-IgG-immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy was introduced in six patients after recurrent infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (85.7%), chronic sinusitis (85.7%) and gastroenteritis (42.9%).

Conclusion: Poor response against pneumococcal vaccines increases the susceptibility of respiratory diseases in these patients. In patients with NHL treated with RTX, the benefits achieved with IVIg replacement for the control of recurrent infectious diseases is of paramount importance. Clinicians dealing with monoclonal antibodies against cancer therapy, especially RTX, should be aware of the increasing risks for symptomatic induced hypogammaglobulinemia and respiratory infections.     

Satellite RNA associated with bamboo mosaic potexvirus shares similarity with satellites associated with sobemoviruses

Summary A putative nonstructural protein encoded by a satellite RNA associated with bamboo mosaic potexvirus shares 46% identity with the capsid protein of satellite virus of panicum mosaic sobemovirus. The sequence similarity among satellite plant viruses which have no apparent relationship implies a common origin.     

拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒慢性感染的临床研究

目的 观察拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)慢性感染的临床疗效。方法 慢性乙型肝炎患者90例。设联合治疗组28例，单用拉米夫定组30例，单用泛昔洛韦组32例。联合治疗组给予口服拉米夫定0．1g／d(PO)，泛昔洛韦1．5g／d(PO)，24周。拉米夫定、泛昔洛韦单用组剂量及疗程分别同联合治疗组。结果 3组均无明显副反应，丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)复常率无差异。3组HBV DNA阴转率分别为89．3％、66．7％、40．6％，差异有显著性。乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBeAg)阴转率分别为28．6％、23．3％、21．9％，差异无显著性。结论 拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合用药安全、耐受性好，临床显示联合治疗对HBV DNA的抑制作用显著优于单用药。