泪小管炎临床分析

目的探讨泪小管炎的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年3月收治的9例泪小管炎的临床特衍、误诊原因及治疗方法。2例发病时间在3周之内者，在泪小管内注入典必殊眼膏，每3d1次。其余7例病程均较长，5例在局麻下行泪小管切开术，2例合并慢性泪囊炎者在神经阻滞麻醉下行泪小管切开及泪囊摘除术。结果9例均有泪点扩大，局部肿胀，泪点处充满分泌物，冲洗泪道通畅或原位返流，但从另一点冲洗时多通畅。2例泪小管内注入典必殊眼膏患者，2～3次后治愈。其余行泪小管切开术背1周内治愈。结论泪小管炎需与慢性泪囊炎鉴别。泪小管内注射典必殊眼膏和泪小管切开是治疗泪小管炎有效方法．     

泪点炎的临床观察研究

目的:通过临床的系统观察研究泪点发生炎症的原因及泪点炎发展转归的临床规律,以及设计实施相应的手术治疗等,显示把泪点炎作为独立疾病列出的必要性。方法:用裂隙灯观察泪点和眼表,并泪道冲洗、探通检查;用微距照相记录泪点典型病变,其中有24眼泪点切除组织进行病理学检查。结果:泪点炎病临床特征:几乎所有泪点炎患者都合并急、慢性结膜炎;多数为泪点单独发炎,少数与后续泪道炎性阻塞疾病合并存在。急性泪点炎少见,溢热泪,泪点局部红肿、痒痛,泪点壁贴合关闭泪点口,以抗炎药物治疗为主。慢性泪点炎多见,溢冷泪,主要有泪点壁软缩,泪点乳头平坦,泪点口向心性缩小;增殖膜覆盖泪点口;泪点壁肿胀、增生贴合关闭泪点口;增生的睑结膜包裹稀薄的积脓包埋泪点口,形成白色隆起的泪点外观四种类型。以手术治疗为主,效果良好。结论:本研究结果显示,泪点炎病多发而常见,有独特的发展转归临床规律,和单独的手术治疗方法,把泪点炎作为独立疾病单独列出,以减少泪道病诊治的疏漏和错误等非常必要。     

A unique case of IgG4 sclerosing dacryocystitis

IgG4-related ocular adnexal disease, a relatively recently described clinical entity, is important to diagnose because during the acute phase, it responds favorably to corticosteroid treatment. The diagnosis can be confirmed by simple blood tests and histology. IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and generalized orbital disease have been reported; however, this is the first report of IgG4-related disease of the lacrimal sac. We describe an 80-year-old female who presented with a painless erythematous indurated swelling in the right lacrimal sac area with complete obstruction of the right nasolacrimal system. A 9-mm lacrimal sac mass was noted on CT dacryocystogram. Blood tests revealed an elevated serum IgG4 level, and the lacrimal sac histology was characteristic of IgG4-related disease. Corticosteroid treatment was declined by the patient. She was kept under close observation for signs of progression, systemic involvement, and potential malignant transformation.     

良性淋巴上皮病变的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨良性淋巴上皮病变的临床特点与治疗策略.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.天津市眼科医院自2006年1月至2007年12月收治良性淋巴上皮病变9例,对患者的一般临床特性、影像学特征、组织病理学特点及治疗效果进行分析.结果 9例良性淋巴上皮病变患者中以女性、双眼发病者居多,表现为泪腺区无痛性肿大,口干,伴有不同程度的唾液腺肿大或唾液腺肿块切除病史.CT检查均表现为泪腺区边界清楚的均一性密度增高影.超卢检查显示泪腺区边界清楚、内回声均匀的椭圆形占位.6例患者接受糖皮质激素冲击治疗1或2个疗程,症状体征明显减轻.3例患者因应用药物治疗效果不明显,为进一步明确诊断行泪腺区肿物手术切除,术后病理诊断良性淋巴上皮病变,治疗后随访无复发.结论 多数患者对糖皮质激素治疗敏感,首次治疗时可行糖皮质激素冲击.对于药物治疗欠敏感或临床诊断困难者可行手术切除,经组织病理学检查进一步明确诊断.     

Rosai-Dorfman syndrome affecting the lacrimal gland

This is a case report of Rosai-Dorfman syndrome in a 36-year-old Caucasian male, involving the lacrimal gland, cervical lymph nodes, nasal and sinusal mucosa. It was successfully treated with appropriate immunosuppression. He had initially presented to the ENT surgeon with nasal and sinusal mucosal thickening and bleeding. Cervical lymph node biopsy produced a histological diagnosis compatible with Rosai-Dorfman disease. Later he developed an acute red proptotic eye. He had severe proptosis due to an enlarged lacrimal gland. He refused surgical excision of the tumour, which is suggested if there is an ocular adnexal involvement. Conservative treatment with systemic steroid resulted in the resolution of lacrimal gland swelling, nasal sinusal mucosal thickening and cervical lymphadenopathy. Previous studies have shown that patients with Rosai-Dorfman syndrome are often black males1 and require surgery.     

Rosai-Dorfman syndrome affecting the lacrimal gland

This is a case report of Rosai-Dorfman syndrome in a 36-year-old Caucasian male, involving the lacrimal gland, cervical lymph nodes, nasal and sinusal mucosa. It was successfully treated with appropriate immunosuppression. He had initially presented to the ENT surgeon with nasal and sinusal mucosal thickening and bleeding. Cervical lymph node biopsy produced a histological diagnosis compatible with Rosai-Dorfman disease. Later he developed an acute red proptotic eye. He had severe proptosis due to an enlarged lacrimal gland. He refused surgical excision of the tumour, which is suggested if there is an ocular adnexal involvement. Conservative treatment with systemic steroid resulted in the resolution of lacrimal gland swelling, nasal sinusal mucosal thickening and cervical lymphadenopathy. Previous studies have shown that patients with Rosai-Dorfman syndrome are often black males1 and require surgery.     

新型RS泪道引流管和环形硅胶管置入术治疗泪小管断裂的疗效

目的：观察新型RS泪道引流管和环形硅胶管置入术治疗泪小管断裂的疗效及安全性。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2018-08/2021-08我院泪小管断裂患者64例64眼,根据治疗方式不同,分为RS泪道引流管置入术组34眼和环形硅胶管置入术组30眼。比较两组患者术后3、6mo临床疗效、手术时间、术后眼睑肿胀消退时间、并发症情况。

结果：RS泪道引流管置入术组和环形硅胶管置入术组患者术后3mo(94% vs 87%)和术后6mo总有效率(91% vs 83%)比较均无差异(均P<0.05); RS泪道引流管置入术组手术时间、术后眼睑肿胀消退时间均明显短于环形硅胶管置入术组(均P<0.001); RS泪道引流管置入术组患者并发症总发生率低于环形硅胶管置入术组(12% vs 33%,P=0.037)。

结论：RS泪道引流管和环形硅胶管置入术治疗泪小管断裂均能获得良好疗效,但RS泪道引流管治疗的患者手术时间更短,术后恢复更快,并发症较少,安全性更好。     

A case of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis

A patient with a diagnosis of chronic and idiopathic unilateral dacryoadenitis was submitted to our clinic for diagnostic reasons from a regional hospital. Within a period of 1 year, this was the second onset of a swelling in the region of the lacrimal gland which - unlike the first time - showed resistance to antibiotic treatment. The patient's general and ophthalmic condition was good, and his only complaint was of cosmetic nature because of the disfiguring swelling in the lateral part of the left upper eyelid. Basic laboratory findings showed no abnormalities and radiographic imaging showed enlargement of the left lacrimal gland without bony destruction. Guided by epidemiological data for noninfectious dacryoadenitis we decided to perform excisional biopsy of the left lacrimal gland. To our surprise, the pathologist verified the presence of a worm of the genus Dirofilaria, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the second reported case of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis in the literature and the second reported case of such a disease in Croatia.     

Idiopathic eosinophilic orbital pseudotumor of the lacrimal gland in a child

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic orbital pseudotumor is a rare disease. 10 % of the cases occur in children. In most of these juvenile cases, the swelling is bilateral, and histologically, eosinophilic granulocytes are found. In contrast to adults, children very rarely develop an associated systemic disorder. The disease is generally treated with steroids. Little is known about the natural course of idiopathic orbital pseudotumors in childhood. PATIENT: A 2S-year old girl presented with a unilateral swelling of the right upper lid. Four weeks later, a comparable swelling of the left side was revealed. We took biopsies of the lacrimal gland on both sides. Histology displayed an eosinophilic pseudotumor of the lacrimal gland. Steroid treatment was started, but after 4 weeks the parents refused to continue the treatment. During the following year, the bilateral swelling remained unchanged. Surprisingly, the bilateral swelling disappeared 3 years later and no systemic disorder had occured. CONCLUSIONS: Our case shows that spontaneous resolution of a juvenile eosinophilic orbital pseudotumor is possible. Treatment with steroids does not appear to be compulsory in all cases.     

Bilateral Kuttner Tumours of the Lacrimal Glands

Kuttner Tumour is a chronic inflammatory disease diagnosed histologically. It is under-diagnosed due to lack of awareness of the disease. We present a case of a 40-year old female with recurrent upper lid swelling. Biopsy revealed the diagnosis of Kuttner Tumours of the lacrimal glands. Although surgical excision is a treatment option, it can be treated with a course of steroids. Our patient opted for conservative management. We describe the presentation and course of the case, with an emphasis on the histological features of the tumour.     

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of three congenital dacryocystoceles

BACKGROUND: Congenital dacryocystocele has been rarely described in German literature. Congenital obstruction and distention of the lacrimal sac makes it necessary to differentiate for various causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three infants had congenital dacryocystocele. The diagnosis was made by sonography and was established by probing the lacrimal duct and nasal endoscopy that showed a white prominent tumor below the lowest conch. RESULTS: Directly after endonasal and canalicular opening of the dacryocystocele clear liquid with white detritus drained, and the swelling decreased. No further procedure was needed. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of dacryocystocele can be made by inspection, probing the lacrimal duct, ultrasound and nasal endoscopy. If probing of the lacrimal duct could not easily open the Hasner's membrane, endonasal opening can be performed. The cooperation with an ear-nose-throat specialist could lead to the diagnosis of dacryocystocele and sufficient treatment without the need for any further radiological examinations.     

Bilateral Kuttner tumours of the lacrimal glands

Kuttner Tumour is a chronic inflammatory disease diagnosed histologically. It is under-diagnosed due to lack of awareness of the disease. We present a case of a 40-year old female with recurrent upper lid swelling. Biopsy revealed the diagnosis of Kuttner Tumours of the lacrimal glands. Although surgical excision is a treatment option, it can be treated with a course of steroids. Our patient opted for conservative management. We describe the presentation and course of the case, with an emphasis on the histological features of the tumour.     

Primary Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma of the Lacrimal Sac: Mortality-Related Epiphora

ABSTRACT

We report a case of primary non-Hodgkins lymphoma of the lacrimal sac in a 60-year-old Asian lady, who presented with persistent epiphora and recurrent medial canthal swelling. Primary lymphoma of the lacrimal sac is rare and it can be easily misdiagnosed. Delayed in diagnosis may be related to mortality. To minimize the risk of overlooking specific pathology it is important to assess the appearance of the lacrimal sac and its surrounding structures intraoperatively. Biopsy of the lacrimal sac is required in cases where specific pathology is suspected.     

A silastic sheet found during endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy for acute dacryocystitis

PURPOSE: To report the case of a silastic sheet that was found during an endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy for treatment of acute dacryocystitis with necrosis of the lacrimal sac. METHODS: A thirty-two year old male presented with painful swelling on the nasal side of his left lower lid two weeks prior to visiting this clinic. Fourteen years ago, the patient was involved in a traffic accident and underwent surgery to reconstruct the ethmoidal sinus. Lacrimal sac massage showed a regurgitation of a purulent discharge from the left lower punctum. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with acute dacryocystitis and an endoscopic transnasal dacryocystostomy was performed the next day. RESULTS: The surgical finding showed severe necrosis around the lacrimal sac and a 20 x 15-mm sized silastic sheet was found crumpled within the purulent discharge. The sheet was removed, the lacrimal sac was irrigated with an antibiotic solution, and a silicone tube was intubated into the lacrimal pathway. After surgery, the painful swelling on the nasal side of left lower lid resolved gradually, and there were no symptomatic complications three months later. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case where a silastic sheet applied during a facial reconstruction had migrated adjacent to the lacrimal sac resulting in severe inflammation.     

泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变治疗方式的探讨

目的 探讨手术辅以激素治疗泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变（BLEL）的疗效.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2010年8月至2013年2月间经病理组织学证实为泪腺BLEL患者的手术前后资料16例（16只眼）,分析和总结手术前后患者视力、眼压、眼睑肿胀、眼干及并发症.结果 16例患者术后眼睑肿胀明显减轻,眼睑位置及抬举功能正常;16例患者手术前后比较,视力升高1例,无变化15例;16例患者中仅有1例出现眼干症状,与术前比较术后眼干症状未见加重;16例患者仅1例发生手术后短暂的复视,1周后自行恢复.结论 以手术切除辅助激素治疗泪腺BLEL的方式是安全可行的.     

Lacrimal gland amyloidosis

Primary localized lacrimal gland amyloidosis is an extremely rare occurrence. The typical clinical and radiologic appearances have been suggested but not clearly established. This report describes two patients with amyloid tumor of the lacrimal gland. Both patients were middle-aged women of Asian origin, one a Chinese with unilateral lacrimal gland swelling and the other, a Malay with bilateral lacrimal gland swelling. Neither patient had associated systemic disease. They were otherwise asymptomatic except for prominence over the lacrimal gland region. Neither visual impairment nor evidence of optic nerve dysfunction was noted in either patient. CT findings mimic that of an inflammatory or lymphoproliferative disorder of the lacrimal gland. The diagnosis of amyloidosis was only proved on histology. Further investigations revealed that the disease process was truly localized and not part of a systemic process. Subsequent observation proved no recurrence.     

Amyloidosis of lacrimal gland

Primary localized amyloidosis of lacrimal gland is a rare occurrence. This report describes a female patient with isolated amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland. A 45-year-old Indian woman presented with a swelling over the left lacrimal gland region. Computed tomography showed uniform enlargement of the lacrimal gland. A lacrimal gland biopsy revealed amyloidosis. No systemic involvement was detected on further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of lacrimal gland amyloidosis from India and our report also highlights the importance of lacrimal gland biopsy in diagnosing lacrimal gland masses.     

Compression pneumatocele of the lacrimal sac

Case report on a 39-year-old man who for five years suffered from a recurrent, firm, crepitant swelling in the medial canthal region after coughing and sneezing. The swelling could be eliminated by digital compression. During a severe bout of sneezing a walnut-sized swelling suddenly occurred which could not be eliminated by compression. Echographic and intraoperative findings confirmed the diagnosis of a large, diverticulous pneumatocele that had compressed the lacrimal sac to such an extent that the entrapped air could not escape. Endoscopy of the nose revealed a wide nasolacrimal ostium, without a Hasner's valve. It was thus possible for air to flow back into the lacrimal drainage system from the nasal cavity.     

Case of lacrimal gland inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis

We report a case of lacrimal gland pseudotumor as the presenting sign of ulcerative colitis. A 25-year-old woman presented with a right upper eyelid swelling and pain. Intravenous administration of prednisolone was initiated on suspicion of lacrimal gland inflammation (pseudotumor). Although the treatment markedly reduced her ocular symptoms, she developed lower abdominal cramping and diarrhea with the 5 mg/day of oral prednisolone. Sigmoid colonoscopy and colon biopsy led to make a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis improved significantly with increased dose of steroid and additive mesalazine therapy. Ulcerative colitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of lacrimal gland pseudotumor.     

Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in the primary treatment of acute dacryocystitis with abscess formation

PURPOSE: To determine whether endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy may constitute effective primary treatment of acute dacryocystitis with lacrimal sac abscess formation. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of a series of 24 patients with acute dacryocystitis and lacrimal sac abscess who underwent endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy as a primary procedure. Outcome measures included resolution of signs and symptoms of acute dacryocystitis as well as intranasal ostium patency as assessed by lacrimal irrigation. RESULTS: Pain was relieved in all patients within 3 days of surgery, and swelling resolved in all patients by 9 days after surgery. Ostium patency, as defined by the absence of epiphora, and free lacrimal irrigation was achieved in 20 (83%) of 24 patients, with follow-up of 27 to 59 months (mean, 40 months). Recurrent epiphora developed in four patients; recurrent dacryocystitis developed in none. CONCLUSIONS: Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy may be a useful option in the treatment of acute dacryocystitis with abscess formation.