覆膜支架治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤的探讨

目的探讨覆膜支架置入治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤的有效性及其安全性。方法 2012年8月至2017年8月期间,河西学院附属张掖人民医院血管外科共收治了26例难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者,其中属外伤性股动脉假性动脉瘤20例,医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤6例;26例中有8例合并股动-静脉瘘。26例患者术前全部经彩超检查得以确诊,并在彩超引导下进行常规压迫或瘤腔内注射血凝酶治疗,但均未获成功,26例患者最终改行股动脉覆膜支架置入术治疗,其中4例同期行血肿清除术,2例行假性动脉瘤腔内穿刺引流术。结果全部患者一期置入覆膜支架均获成功,股动脉假性动脉瘤及动-静脉瘘均治愈,6例患者股深动脉封闭,无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。术后6个月及12个月进行随访,26例患者均无瘤体复发及支架移位、断裂、栓塞和内瘘发生。结论覆膜支架置入治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤是安全、有效、微创的方法,其短期效果满意,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的彩色多普勒超声诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的诊断价值。方法：使用彩色多普勒超声检测26例临床怀疑为股动脉假性动脉瘤或动静脉瘘的病人,主要观察其血管壁的连续性、动静脉间有无异常交通及是否出现异常血流信号等指标。结果：在26例经彩色多普勒超声检查的病人中,20例被正确诊断为假性动脉瘤,6例为动静脉瘘。结论：彩色多普勒超声能明确诊断医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘,可作为临床首选的检查方法。     

医源性假性动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

为预防和提高医源性假性动脉瘤的诊治水平，对３１例医源性假性动脉瘤进行了回顾性分析。男２７例，女４例，年龄１１～７８岁，平均年龄４１．７岁。病程７小时～１３个月，平均５．８个月。２０例行择期手术，６例急诊手术，另行压迫治疗６例。手术治疗２６例均痊愈，包括压迫治疗者１例失败改行手术者；压迫疗法治愈５例。结论：医源性损伤已成为假性动脉瘤的主要原因，并且是可以预防的。假性动脉瘤的诊断并不困难，中小动脉外伤性动脉瘤无需特殊检查即可手术治疗，手术方式应根据病人的具体情况而定。对于动脉穿刺所致的假性动脉瘤的早期病例，压迫治疗可作为首选的治疗方式     

股动脉假性动脉瘤外科治疗18例分析

回顾性分析股动脉假性动脉瘤18例的临床资料。1例因介入穿刺引起的股动脉假性动脉瘤行局部压迫治疗,15例行假性动脉瘤切除术,2例行股动脉结扎术。结果示1例股动脉结扎术患者术后出现肢体坏死，行膝上截肢后康复出院，另17例痊愈出院。提示对股动脉假性动脉瘤行动脉瘤切除、股动脉端端吻合可作为首选的手术方式。     

医源性假性动脉瘤的诊治

目的提高医源性假性动脉瘤的诊治水平。方法报告２２例医源性假性动脉瘤诊治经验。男性１９例，女性３例。年龄２０～７８岁，平均４３．６岁。病程７小时～１３个月，平均４．７个月。１６例行择期手术，３例急诊手术，压迫治疗４例。结果手术治疗１９例均痊愈，压迫治疗者１例失败改行手术治疗。结论医源性损伤是假性动脉瘤的主要原因，并且是可以预防的。假性动脉瘤治疗应根据患者的具体情况而定。对于动脉穿刺所致的假性动脉瘤患者病程不超过１个月。压迫治疗可作为首选的治疗方式。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的超声诊断与治疗

目的评价彩色多普勒超声在医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤诊治中的价值。方法对13例股动脉插管术后穿刺部位触及搏动性肿物、闻及血管杂音的患者,采用Philipsiu22彩色超声诊断仪进行二维、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒超声检查,观察其大小、形态、内部回声及血流形态、频谱特征,对明确诊断者,在超声引导下进行压迫。结果13例临床上高度怀疑假性动脉瘤形成的患者均通过彩色多普勒超声检查明确诊断,且在超声引导下进行压迫,成功闭合动脉破裂口。结论彩色多普勒超声是医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的首选诊断、治疗方法。     

假性股动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的总结假性股动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我科2002年5月~2006年6月收治的23例假性股动脉瘤患者,其中注射毒品引起14例,外伤性6例,医源性3例。1例拒绝手术,22例假性动脉瘤被切除,其中8例行股动脉修补,10例行人工血管搭桥,3例行股动脉结扎,1例下肢缺血坏死,股动脉缺损无法修补或搭桥,行高位截肢术。结果拒绝手术的1例出院1周后死亡,其余均痊愈出院。3例失访,19例获随访,平均1.7(1~3)年,3例股动脉结扎者患肢皮温正常,1例人工血管旁路手术者术后3年复查DSA示人工血管闭塞但侧支循环良好,不影响患肢功能,其余患者效果良好。结论假性股动脉瘤一经发现须早期手术治疗,破裂、感染会严重影响治疗效果甚至危及生命。假性动脉瘤切除、自体血管重建或人工血管搭桥是首选治疗方法。对病程较长、瘤体较大、压迫症状明显者可行高位股动脉结扎。     

周围动脉假性动脉瘤

本文报告我院1957～1991年收治的35例周围动脉假性动脉瘤的诊治经验。男34例,女1例。年龄为7～62岁。动脉瘤位于头颈部者9例,位于四肢者26例。外伤所致者27例(其中医源性损伤4例),其它原因4例,病因不明或记载不详4例。主要临床表现为:局部博动性肿块(34例)、收缩期血管杂音(33例)、局部疼痛(15例)、患肢感觉异常(18/26)及运动障碍(12/26)。术前诊断正确率动脉造影为50％,超声检查为100％。手术治疗34例。急诊手术1例,择期性手术33例。择期手术无手术死亡。术后随访率为75.8％。随访病人中92％病人随访时间为5～18年,其中效果优良者为92％,失败8％。本文对周围动脉假性动脉瘤诊断治疗中的注意点进行了讨论。     

超声引导下凝血酶注射术治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下瘤体内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床价值。方法选取39例医源性股动脉穿刺后并发假性动脉瘤患者,均在超声引导下行瘤体内注射凝血酶治疗。结果 35例注射凝血酶剂量200~500 U,一次性成功。4例行二次注射成功,总成功率为100%(39/39)。24 h后复查彩超,瘤体内均未见血流信号。结论超声引导下经皮瘤体内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤,具有操作简便、效果可靠、并发症少、复发率低等优点,可作为股动脉假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

医源性假性动脉瘤外科诊治15例分析

目的 探讨医源性假性动脉瘤的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析15例医源性假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中右股动脉插管造影术8例,造影加冠脉支架植入术5例,急性胰腺炎经右股动脉插管血透治疗1例,肾功能衰竭行左桡动脉留置穿刺1例.术前均行彩色多普勒超声检查,确诊率100%.瘤体最大10 cm×8 cm×5 cm,最小3 cm×3 cm×2 cm,均手术治疗.结果 全组无手术死亡.术后患肢远端血运良好,2例切口淋巴漏.随诊3～26个月,均无复发.结论 对医源性假性动脉瘤患者,宜早期诊断和手术治疗.     

Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms: a prospective analysis

An adverse consequence of the use of the femoral artery for the endovascular evaluation and treatment of arterial disease is the increased incidence of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms. Although surgical repair has traditionally been used to treat such aneurysms, less invasive modalities have emerged. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) for the treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms. A treatment protocol was approved and 30 stable patients (21 female; age range 43-85 years; mean 67 years) were prospectively enrolled from December 1997 through June 1999 to undergo UGTI on 30 iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms. Pseudoaneurysms occurred after cardiac intervention (n = 22, 73%), peripheral intervention (n = 7, 23%), and after a femoral line placement (n = 1, 3%). They ranged in size from one to 5 cm with a time interval from intervention until UGTI of one to 132 days (median 3 days). Eleven patients (37%) were systematically anticoagulated at the time of UGTI. All pseudoaneurysms were treated using sterile technique and local anesthesia with ultrasound-guided injection via a 20-gauge spinal needle of 0.1 to 2 cm3 (median 0.6 cm3) of 1000 units/cm3 topical thrombin solution administered by one of six physicians. A period of bedrest for 4 to 6 hours after injection was followed by repeat groin duplex scan at 24 hours and a clinical follow-up at 30 days. There were no procedural deaths or nonvascular complications. Twenty-seven (90%) UGTIs resulted in successful pseudoaneurysm ablation with no recurrences at 24 hours or 30 days. Two (7%) UGTIs failed and one (3%) femoral artery embolic complication occurred; all were successfully treated with surgery. Success appeared to be independent of anticoagulation status, pseudoaneurysm age, size, or operator experience. We conclude that UGTI is a safe, easy, well-tolerated and effective noninvasive method for treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms and should be considered in all stable patients before operative repair.     

Treatment of iatrogenic femoral artery injuries with ultrasound-guided compression.

Iatrogenic injuries of the groin are becoming more common after increasingly sophisticated vascular intervention. These injuries are accurately detected by duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography. Recent treatment of these lesions by ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) has been described. During a 1-year period we identified 18 femoral artery injuries, including 17 pseudoaneurysms and one arteriovenous fistula. Three of the pseudoaneurysms thrombosed spontaneously before attempted treatment. The remaining 15 lesions underwent a trial of UGCR. Successful closure was accomplished in 10 patients (56%). Seven of these lesions were successfully treated during the initial session, and thrombosis was accomplished after repeat compression in three additional lesions. Three patients who were given anticoagulants had a failed UGCR, but their pseudoaneurysms thrombosed after administration of anticoagulants was discontinued. Two patients had failed UGCR and required operation. Seven (88%) of eight patients who were not given anticoagulants were successfully treated. In contrast only two (29%) of seven patients given therapeutic doses of anticoagulant medication were successfully treated by the technique. There was no statistical difference between mean pseudoaneurysm diameter, mean width and length of pseudoaneurysm neck, or depth of pseudoaneurysm neck from skin surface in patients in whom successful initial closure was achieved when compared with those patients in whom the initial attempt failed. UGCR is a safe, simple, noninvasive technique that can be used to treat many femoral artery injuries that traditionally were treated with surgery. The technique can be applied by any laboratory that has the necessary ultrasonography equipment and is currently the method of choice for treating uncomplicated iatrogenic femoral artery injuries at our institution.     

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection for femoral artery pseudoaneurysms

We reviewed 13 cases of ultrasound-guided thrombin injection of femoral pseudoaneurysms. All cases occurred within a 17-month period from January 1998 through May 1999 and were complications of femoral artery puncture. Immediate total thrombosis occurred in nine of 13 patients. Twenty-four-hour follow-up ultrasound in seven patients revealed no recurrence of pseudoaneurysm. Two of 13 patients required operative repair. One pseudoaneurysm thrombosed with 15 minutes of compression after injection and one case required a second injection. No cases of arterial thrombosis were noted. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for femoral artery pseudoaneurysm represents a safe and effective alternative to operative repair.     

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries

The aim of the study was to report our clinical experience with the surgical treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries. The study is a retrospective review of 101 consecutive patients (52 males, 49 females, mean age 66.2 years, range 33-86), with iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries, surgically treated in a vascular unit from October 1990 to June 2006. Duplex ultrasound scanning was employed to support the clinical findings. The surgical treatment consisted in direct closure with polypropylene sutures and, occasionally, patch angioplasty or bypass. Ultrasound compression was effective in one of 4 small aneurysms (< 2.5). No limb loss occurred. There were 4 wound complications (3.9%), one pulmonary embolism (0.99%), and 3 deaths (2.9%), 2 of which not related to vascular repair and one secondary to femoral endoarteritis and septic shock, unrelated to previous implantation of a percutaneous femoral closure device. Although iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries are rarely observed in clinical practice, a significant number of peripheral artery complications may occur after cardiac catheterisation and coronary angioplasty. Failure of conservative treatment requires a traditional surgical repair. The results of our series included a significant mortality rate (2.9%), resulting from the severity of cardiac disease in 2 cases and from the vascular repair itself in one case (femoral endoarteritis). These results substantiate the common observation that patients who require surgery for an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm are often affected by advanced cardiovascular disease and are liable to suffer the occurrence of complications, with a high risk of death. Therefore, any surgical treatment should be performed with strict adherence to sound vascular surgical principles.     

US-guided percutaneous management of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms by thrombin injection: personal experience and review of the literature

Treatment of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms includes US-guided compression, endovascular coil embolisation or stenting, thrombin injection and open surgical repair. Thrombin injection is currently the standard approach to all non-complicated pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries. Between January 2001 and December 2004, 59 pseudoaneurysms of the femoral artery were submitted to percutaneous US-guided thrombin injection in our surgery division. Complicated pseudoaneurysms, patients in whom percutaneous treatment failed, and chronic pseudoaneurysms with large necks were excluded from this kind of treatment and underwent surgical repair. Eighteen patients were on therapeutic anticoagulation (30.5%) and none of the pseudoaneurysms had an associated arteriovenous fistula. All patients were submitted to clinical and ultrasound follow-up at 24 hours and at 1, 6 and 12 months, and thereafter at yearly intervals for evaluation of recurrences. The thrombin injection was successful in 57/59 patients (96.6%) while two patients (3.4%) were submitted to surgical treatment after failure of the procedure. In 1 patient (1.7%) an additional injection was necessary to achieve complete thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm. No complications occurred; none of the patients reported discomfort and there was no request for sedation. No recurrences were seen at follow-up. Nowadays US-guided percutaneous thrombin injection is the treatment of choice for femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Surgical treatment is reserved to rare selected cases. More studies are necessary to evaluate further indications for treatment of visceral or small distal artery pseudoaneurysms.     

Treatment of arterial pseudoaneurysms with percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection

Background: The pseudoaneurysms or false aneurysms are one of the most common complications after arterial invasive manipulation. Different methods of treatment have been described, such as surgical repair, ultrasound-guided compression and endovascular procedures. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection has shown efficacy, safety and low cost, and, in some cases, the procedure is considered the treatment of choice. Preliminary results are presented. Methods: Design: Case series. We studied adult patients with iatrogenic arterial pseudoaneurysms demonstrated clinically and corroborated with ultrasound. We describe the technique used for the management of the arterial pseudoaneurysms by ultrasound-guided thrombin application, as well as complications and follow-up. Results: Twelve patients were included with a mean age of 63 years (SD 12.4), 33% were male and 67% female. Associated comorbid states were hypertension 83%, 50% diabetes, obesity 66%. All pseudoaneurysms were located in the femoral artery (2:1 right/left ratio). The mean size of the pseudoaneurysm was 48.2 mm SD 11.9, (range of 30 to 65 mm) by 44.3 mm SD 9.3, (range 20 to 53 mm). The average neck diameter was 2.2 mm SD 0.54 (range of 1.5 to 3 mm). Eleven cases were unilobulated (87.5%), and one bilobulated (12.5%). All reported arterial integrity with complete occlusion after one thrombin application without recurrence and morbidity after 90 days of follow up. Conclusions: In our study we obtained a 100% of thrombosis without pseudoaneurysm recurrence or complications. However a longer follow-up time and more number of cases are required to confirm these results.     

Iatrogenic femoral artery aneurysms in orthopaedic practice

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic injury to the femoral vessel is a rare complication after fracture of hip. Pseudoaneurysm formation of superficial femoral artery or profunda femoris artery is detected quite late. We present our experience for surgical management of pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery after iatrogenic trauma during management of fracture of femur. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out for eight patients with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm treated surgically during the last 10 years in one surgical unit. RESULTS: Of eight patients with pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery, six had superficial femoral artery aneurysm and two profunda femoris artery aneurysm. Mean duration for presentation was 4 months (range 2-6 months). Methods of surgical intervention were direct closure of arterial defect after aneurysmectomy in six cases and use of saphenous vein patch graft for repair of artery in two cases. Mean size of aneurysm was 12 x 7 cm (range 8 x 4 cm to 20 x 12 cm). All patients were doing well during a mean follow up of 72 months (range 6-110 months). CONCLUSION: Large pseudoaneurysms of femoral arteries after iatrogenic injury during management of fractures of femur should be managed by aneurysmectomy and arterial repair with or without saphenous vein patch graft.     

Behandlung des persistierenden Aneurysma spurium aus gef??chirurgischer Perspektive

Purpose

This retrospective study evaluated experiences with ultrasound-guided thrombin injection and open surgical repair for the treatment of arterial pseudoaneurysms.

Method

Between January 2006 and December 2010, 51 patients (26 male, 25 female, mean age 70.5±?11.9 years) were treated for pseudoaneurysms of the femoral artery.

Results

Out of 51 patients 33 underwent surgical repair of pseudoaneurysms, 18 were treated by ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection and 48 (94.1%) patients received anticoagulation therapy (36 patients with platelet inhibitors, 6 patients with anticoagulation, such as cumarine and 6 patients with low molecular weight heparin). One patient suffered from mild hemophilia A. The mean operation time was 58.6±?36.4?min and mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.8±?6.3 days. Major complications (defined as needed surgical revision) occurred in three patients of the surgical group (9.1%) and two patients of the thrombin group (11.1%). Indications of surgical revision included postoperative hematoma (n=3), unsuccessful thrombin injection (n=1) and compression of the femoral vein (n=1). Minor complications were only observed in nine patients in the surgical group (27.3%), two patients developed postoperative pneumonia and seven patients had wound healing disorders. No mortalities were observed in either group.

Conclusions

The endovascular orientation and interdisciplinary assignment of vascular surgery have created a new perception for the treatment of arterial pseudoaneurysms. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is considered to be a safe alternative to surgical intervention for selected patients.     

Compression therapy for acute iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms

The marked increase in performance of percutaneous catheter-based vascular interventions combined with aggressive anticoagulation regimens has resulted in a greater frequency of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Of the available treatment modalities, ultrasound-guided compression has been shown to be widely available, easy to perform, noninvasive, effective, safe, and inexpensive. It is currently the procedure of choice for treatment of these iatrogenic femoral artery injuries.     

Percutaneous Induced Thrombosis of Iatrogenic Femoral Pseudoaneurysms following Catheterization

Femoral pseudoaneurysms are one of the common iatrogenic complications following catheterization procedures done via the femoral approach. Their treatment has evolved over the last decade from operative repair to ultrasound-guided compression (USGC) and more recently to thrombin injection of the pseudoaneurysm. We report our experience with that technique and compare the results of thromboobliteration to those of the compression method. All consecutive iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms diagnosed in the vascular laboratory of two large community hospitals were referred for the study. Under ultrasound guidance, percutaneous thromboobliteration (PTO) of the pseudoaneurysms was done by injecting thrombin solution (500-unit increments) into the pseudoaneurysm. Time to thrombosis, dose of thrombin, patient's discomfort, and ease of procedure were recorded and analyzed. Comparison with results of USGC reported in the literature was made. Percutaneous thromboobliteration may be a simple and very effective treatment of femoral pseudoaneurysms. The high success rate, ease of procedure, and cost benefit over USGC are noteworthy. A larger trial is currently under way. If results are duplicated, PTO will emerge as the preferred treatment for iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms.