肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌患者的X射线辐射评价

目的　研究经肝动脉化疗栓塞 (THACE)治疗肝癌过程中 ,患者受到的X射线辐射 ,为THACE放射防护提供依据。方法　回顾性分析 82例HCC患者的辐射剂量资料 ,DSA机 (Angiostar Plus)配置穿透电离室型剂量监测系统 (DiamentorK1andDiamentorED) ,在线读取面积剂量乘积DAP(cGy cm2 )和入射表面剂量ESD(mGy) ,采用Monte Carlo转换因子估算有效剂量ED(mSv)。并分析近期 10例THACE患者 ,在提高基值管电压、减低透视脉冲频率和摄影帧数下对辐射剂量的影响。结果　 82例HCC患者透视时间 (35 3± 2 1 1)min ,摄影 (2 34± 10 8)帧 ,DAP为 (2 174 8± 12 4 2 4 )cGy cm2 ,ESD为 (96 4± 6 32 )mGy ,ED为 (34 8± 19 9)mSv。透视对总DAP的贡献 (2 4 0± 12 7) %小于摄影 (75 9± 12 7) % ,透视对ESD值的贡献 (4 9 8± 14 9) % ,与摄影相似 (5 1 6± 14 2 ) %。近期的 10例THACE患者的每分钟透视剂量、每帧摄影剂量及总剂量都比HCC患者明显降低。结论　在THACE过程中患者受到一次性较大剂量X射线照射。适度提高基值管电压、减低透视脉冲频率和缩减摄影帧数 ,可以有效降低患者的辐射剂量     

心血管介入手术中透视时间作为辐射剂量警示指标的可行性研究

目的以心血管介入术后采集空气比释动能(reference air kerma,AK)值和剂量面积乘积(dose-area product,DAP)值数据为依据,分析术中透视时间报警设置作为心血管介入手术辐射剂量的监测和警示工具的可行性。方法回顾性分析2016年11月至2018年1月上海长海医院736例冠状动脉造影术(CAG)和经皮冠状动脉治疗术(PCI)病例,收集术中透视时间、AK和DAP数据资料。德国西门子成像设备分组(Ceiling系统和Biplane系统)和手术类型分组(CAG和PCI),对辐射剂量数据进行比较,以及对心血管介入手术AK和DAP值与透视时间数据采用Spearman检验解析相关性。结果Ceiling和Biplane成像系统中手术透视时间为(8.9±7.8)和(8.6±7.3)min,透视AK均值和DAP均值分别为(472±474)、(510±509)mGy、(4548±4085)和(4255±3781)μGy·m^2,术中总(透视+造影)AK和DAP均值为(703±595)、(733±614)mGy、(6253±4938)和(5681±4432)μGy·m^2。CAG与PCI术中透视时间均值分别为(2.4±0.9)和(15.7±4.9)min。PCI透视辐射剂量(AK和DAP)与术中总辐射剂量比值分别为74%和78%。心血管介入手术中透视时间与AK值(r=0.822)和DAP值(r=0.844)都呈高度相关性(P<0.001)。结论透视采集辐射剂量是心血管介入手术中辐射剂量的主要来源,辐射剂量随透视时间延长而增加,透视时间监测和报警设置在心血管介入临床应用中作为术中辐射防护工具有一定的参考和警示价值。     

心脏介入患者受照剂量研究

目的 调查我院心脏介入诊疗过程中患者受照剂量分布和剂量参考水平,并分析各种剂量参数如皮肤峰值剂量(PSD)和剂量面积乘积(DAP)之间的相关性.方法 对135例患者的剂量数据进行分析研究,其中接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)患者84例,接受经皮心脏介入(PCI)患者51例.记录每例患者DAP值、参考点累计剂量值(CD)以及透视时间,总采集图像幅数.采用热释光剂量片(TLD)矩阵测量患者皮肤剂量.TLD矩阵大小为10行9列,行间隔5 cm,列间隔4 cm.结果 对于PCI,DAP均值为7946.91μGym2;CD均值为1395.3 mGy,平均透视时间10.9 min,平均采集945幅.PSD范围为38.91～184.79mGy.DAP与PSD的相关性为0.54,PSD与CD的相关性为0.53.对于CAG,DAP均值为2690.84 μGym2;CD均值为431.6 mGy,平均透视时间为2.9 min,平均采集544幅.PSD范围26.18～120.37 mGy.DAP与PSD的相关性为0.52,PSD与CD的相关性为0.45.结论 患者所受皮肤剂量峰值低于所致皮肤损伤辐射阈值(2 Gy).各种辐射剂量参数(如DAP,CD和透视时间等)的结果与其他学者的研究结果相仿.从结果可以看出PSD与DAP、CD等参数相关性较差,因此基于这些数据对个体皮肤峰值剂量进行估算的方法较不科学,需要对其进一步研究.     

107例数字减影血管造影受检者所受辐射剂量分析

目的 统计血管造影受检者每次检查所受辐射剂量值及影响辐射剂量的相关因素,为分析、评估放射诊疗风险提供数据参考。方法 收集107例受检者检查时在线记录的全部辐射剂量值及其与剂量相关的技术参数值,按照检查区域头部、腹部和心脏进行分类,统计每例受检者的总透视时间、透视累积剂量面积乘积(DAP)、透视累积皮肤入射剂量(ESD),计算透视剂量率;统计每例受检者的造影曝光次数、造影曝光时间、采集帧频率,以及造影累积剂量面积乘积和造影累积皮肤入射剂量;统计每例受检者的透视加造影的总累积剂量面积乘积和总累积皮肤入射剂量。对所有数据分门别类进行相应的对比分析。结果 冠状动脉造影+介入,ESD为(22 285.5±18 682.7)μGy·m²,DAP为(2 942.1±2 557.3)mGy;头部血管造影DAP为(25 929.6±8 302.7)μGy ·m²,DAP为(1 288.8±682.3)mGy;腹部血管造影,DAP为(12 129.7±10 646.1)μGy·m²,ESD为(730.1±584.7)mGy。结论 血管造影受检者所受总累积剂量,冠状动脉造影相对最高,其次是头部血管造影,腹部血管造影相对较低。     

冠心病介入诊疗中透视与电影辐射剂量率对比分析

目的：研究冠心病患者介入诊疗中DSA设备显示的实时辐射剂量率,为医务人员合理控制辐射剂量提供依据。方法随机抽取2014年9月采用美国通用公司DSA机介入诊疗的冠心病患者30例,对术中DSA机由透视模式转换为电影模式时各自序列显示的辐射剂量率进行对比分析。结果透视辐射剂量率为18．5～212．0 mGy/min,均值为（114．7±42．1） mGy/min;电影辐射剂量率为216～1691 mGy/min,均值为（970．1±298．4） mGy/min。透视与电影辐射剂量率总体均值之比为1︰8．5。数字平板探测器面积越大,辐射剂量率均值越大,电影辐射剂量率均值较透视辐射剂量率均值增高趋势越明显;透视辐射剂量率均值较电影辐射剂量率均值低,差异显著。结论医务人员在冠心病介入诊疗中应合理选择 DSA 设备类型,密切观察动态实时显示的辐射剂量率,及时调整检查模式及可控参数,即刻评估可能致患者放射损伤的剂量水平,合理控制辐射剂量,以降低电离辐射对人体健康产生的辐射效应。     

Automatic Tube Current Regulation Technique for the Evaluation of Aortic Dissection and Postoperative Radiation Dose

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT(MSCT),采用固定噪声指数(NI)的Z轴自动管电流调节(ATCM)技术在主动脉夹层术后CT造影中对图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.资料与方法 随机将本院主动脉夹层术后的患者100例分为2组,每组50例.A组采用固定管电流扫描技术,均采用280 mA.B组采用Z轴ATCM扫描技术,管电流为100～350 mA,根据体重指数(BMI)不同分为两组:BMI＞ 25 kg/m2者,NI=10;BMI ＜25 kg/m2者,NI =12,其余扫描参数均一致.将所有图像均传输至ADW 4.3工作站,进行三维及二维后处理,同时记录机器自动生成的CT剂量指数(CTDlvol)、相应剂量长度乘积(DLP).结果 B组在不影响诊断的情况下,辐射剂量较A组CTDIvol降低了28.3％、DLP降低了 30.4％.A组CTDIvol均值为(19.13±1.94) mGy;DLP均值为(1205.59±197.12) mGy·cm,B组BMI＞ 25 kg/m2者CTDIvol均值为(14.82±2.97) mGy; DLP均值为(887.6±177.51) mGy·cm,BMI＜ 25kg/m2者CTDlvol均值为(12.61±2.17)mGy; DLP均值为(789.86±139.33) mGy·cm,所有图像均能满足诊断需要.结论 64排螺旋CT采用固定NI的ATCM技术在主动脉夹层CT造影中可获得较好图像质量,在满足诊断需求的同时降低了患者辐射剂量.     

野战方舱内冠状动脉造影投照体位对辐射剂量和影像质量的影响

目的 探讨野战综合手术救治方舱内施行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影中不同的投照体位对患者辐射剂量和影像质量的影响,为剂量优化提出建议.方法 用标准体模测定冠脉造影9个不同投照体位下图像清晰时剂量面积乘积(DAP)和入射表面剂量(ESD)透视和摄影的辐射剂量值;并在方舱内对6只实验动物施行9个不同投照体位下的冠脉造影,观察比较不同体位的影像质量.结果 不同投照体位下,透视时DAP剂量范围值为12.96 ～ 31.28 μGym2/s,ESD透视范围为21 403.33～71 106.67 μGy/S;摄影时DAP剂量范围值为39.55～87.59 μGy/s(10帧),ESD剂量范围值为67 647.25～ 212 498.54 μGy(10帧).正位剂量值最小,脾位最大,其他体位与正位相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);不同体位影像质量平均评分值范围为3.55 ～ 3.85,正位影像质量最好,脾位最差,其他体位与正位相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 不同投照体位,辐射剂量、影像质量不同.手术过程中应根据手术需要,合理选择投照体位以期既能保证图像质量又能减少患者受照剂量.     

不同麻醉方式在小儿动脉导管未闭介入治疗中辐射剂量分析

目的：探讨不同麻醉方式在降低小儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗中辐射剂量的影响。方法回顾2011—2014年采用2种麻醉方式接受 PDA 介入治疗的小儿(3~6岁)各25例,分为 A、B 2组,A 组为全麻组(男7例,女18例,平均体质量15.32 kg±2.415 kg),B组为局麻组(男13例,女12例,平均体质量16.40 kg±2.056 kg)。2组患者均由相同术者完成手术,采用 DSA 儿童心血管电影自动曝光模式(ped CARD)、摄影帧数15~30 f/s、非离子型对比剂碘克沙醇320 mg I/mL,记录患儿皮肤表面累积入射剂量(AK)、剂量面积乘积(DAP)和透视时间,并作统计学分析。结果50例患儿均顺利完成手术,统计显示,2组患儿的年龄、体质量及性别差异无统计学意义(年龄：t=1.924,P=0.060;体质量：t=1.703,P=0.095;性别：χ2=3.00,P=0.083);全麻组及局麻组辐射剂量 AK、DAP 及透视时间分别为(0.061±0.025)Gy、(0.094±0.046)Gy;(5.08±2.19)Gy·cm2、(8.41±3.587)Gy·cm2;(3.15±1.16)min、(6.86±3.27)min,差异均有统计学意义(AK：t=3.152,P=0.003;DAP：t=3.957,P=0.000;透视时间：t=5.346,P =0.000),2组在采集序列数及图像数相同的基础上,全麻组辐射剂量明显小于局麻组40%[(1-5.08/8.41)%],手术时间相差约1.17倍[(3.15-6.86)/3.15]。结论辐射剂量大小与麻醉方式有关,采用全麻方式进行小儿 PDA 介入治疗较局麻方式辐射剂量明显降低40%。     

DSA低剂量技术在急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用及对患者X线辐射剂量的影响

目的 观察DSA低剂量技术在急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用及其对患者X线辐射剂量的影响。方法 选取2018年9月至2021年10月江南大学附属医院收治的82例急性冠状动脉综合征患者作为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各41例。研究组以低剂量DSA模式采集血管图像,对照组以常规剂量DSA模式采集血管图像。对比两组图像质量及X线辐射累积剂量值、剂量面积乘积值。结果 研究组、对照组图像质量评分分别为(20.09±0.83)分、(20.39±0.61)分,差异无统计学意义(t=1.865,P=0.066)。研究组累积剂量值、剂量面积乘积值分别为(211.9±40.7) mGy、(1 902.3±312.5) cGy/cm²,低于对照组的(374.2±68.9) mGy、(2 941.5±438.6) cGy/cm²,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论 低剂量DSA技术应用于急性冠状动脉综合征可行,可获取满意的图像质量,降低辐射剂量,安全性更高,具有临床推广价值。     

自动管电流调节技术对主动脉夹层术后的评价及其辐射剂量的研究

目的探讨64排螺旋CT(MSCT),采用固定噪声指数(NI)的Z轴自动管电流调节(ATCM)技术在主动脉夹层术后CT造影中对图像质量及辐射剂量的影响。资料与方法随机将本院主动脉夹层术后的患者100例分为2组,每组50例。A组采用固定管电流扫描技术,均采用280 mA。B组采用Z轴ATCM扫描技术,管电流为100～350 mA,根据体重指数(BMI)不同分为两组:BMI>25 kg/m2者,NI=10;BMI<25 kg/m2者,NI=12,其余扫描参数均一致。将所有图像均传输至ADW 4.3工作站,进行三维及二维后处理,同时记录机器自动生成的CT剂量指数(CTDlvol)、相应剂量长度乘积(DLP)。结果 B组在不影响诊断的情况下,辐射剂量较A组CTDlvol降低了28.3%、DLP降低了30.4%。A组CTDIvol均值为(19.13±1.94)mGy;DLP均值为(1205.59±197.12)mGy.cm,B组BMI>25 kg/m2者CTDIvol均值为(14.82±2.97)mGy;DLP均值为(887.6±177.51)mGy.cm,BMI<25kg/m2者CTDIvol均值为(12.61±2.17)mGy;DLP均值为(789.86±139.33)mGy.cm,所有图像均能满足诊断需要。结论 64排螺旋CT采用固定NI的ATCM技术在主动脉夹层CT造影中可获得较好图像质量,在满足诊断需求的同时降低了患者辐射剂量。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.