冠心病患者~(201)Tl和~(99)Tc~m-MIBI双核素心肌灌注显像

目的　探讨静息2 0 1 Tl 负荷99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)双核素心肌SPECT显像在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法　对 36例冠心病患者行2 0 1 Tl负荷 延迟再分布心肌SPECT显像 ;常规潘生丁药物负荷高峰时 ,静脉注射2 0 1 Tl111～ 14 8MBq ,15min后进行心肌显像。对 2 3例冠心病患者和 9例正常人行静息2 0 1 Tl负荷、99Tcm MIBI双核素心肌SPECT显像 ,静息状态注射2 0 1 Tl111～ 14 8MBq ,注射后5min给予潘生丁药物负荷 ,高峰时注射99Tcm MIBI 92 5MBq。 1h后行双核素显像。结果　 36例冠心病患者2 0 1 Tl负荷 延迟再分布心肌显像的阳性率为 83 33% ,2 3例冠心病患者双核素心肌显像的阳性率为 10 0 % ,两组阳性率比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =4 2 6 7,P =0 0 4 3)。 9例正常受检者均为阴性。结论双核素心肌显像对冠心病的检出率较高 ,省时、安全并可获得高质量图像 ,对冠心病诊断有较高临床价值。     

低负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI双核素心肌断层显像诊断冠心病

目的探讨低负荷-再分布201Tl/静息99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)双核素心肌断层显像在冠心病诊断中的临床价值.方法对101例临床怀疑有冠心病的患者进行低剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷-再分布201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI同时心肌断层显像,图像断层重建后进行定量靶心图测定,并与正常数据进行对照,由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行图像分析.断层显像后2周内101例患者均行冠状动脉造影,其中54例冠状动脉造影正常,26例有1支动脉病变,15例有2支动脉病变,6例有3支动脉病变.结果①多巴酚丁胺负荷试验,每节段负荷时间维持约2 min,负荷后心率仅达到目标心率的(72±17)%.②以动脉狭窄>50%作为冠心病的判断标准,低负荷-再分布201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI同时心肌断层显像法诊断冠心病的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为93.62%、85.19%和89.11%.③对狭窄动脉检出率由高到低依次为左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA),其灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为91.89%、82.81%、86.14%;80.00%、82.72%、82.18%和76.47%、82.14%、81.19%.④74支病变冠状动脉中21支为不可逆性放射性缺损,53支为可逆性放射性再分布.⑤53支可逆性放射性再分布的病变动脉中,8支负荷201Tl显像和静息99Tcm-MIBI显像示放射性稀疏缺损,而再分布或再注射201Tl显像见放射性填充,提示存在"冬眠心肌".结论在较低多巴酚丁胺负荷状态下,负荷-再分布201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI同时心肌断层显像法仍是一种有效的诊断冠心病及检出病变冠状动脉的方法.     

冠心病患者201Tl和99Tcm-MIBI双核素心肌灌注显像

目的探讨静息201Tl/负荷99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)双核素心肌SPECT显像在冠心病诊断中的价值.方法对36例冠心病患者行201Tl负荷-延迟再分布心肌SPECT显像;常规潘生丁药物负荷高峰时,静脉注射201Tl 111～148 MBq,15 min后进行心肌显像.对23例冠心病患者和9例正常人行静息201Tl负荷、99Tcm-MIBI双核素心肌SPECT显像,静息状态注射201Tl 111～148 MBq,注射后5 min给予潘生丁药物负荷,高峰时注射99Tcm-MIBI 925 MBq.1 h后行双核素显像.结果 36例冠心病患者201Tl负荷-延迟再分布心肌显像的阳性率为83.33%,23例冠心病患者双核素心肌显像的阳性率为100%,两组阳性率比较差异有显著性(χ2=4.267,P=0.043).9例正常受检者均为阴性.结论双核素心肌显像对冠心病的检出率较高,省时、安全并可获得高质量图像,对冠心病诊断有较高临床价值.     

双核素心肌显像检测存活心肌的对比研究

目的 对比多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)双核素同步心肌断层显像及多巴酚丁胺负荷-再分布/再注射201Tl心肌断层显像法检测存活心肌的作用.方法 对160例临床怀疑有冠心病的患者予静息状态下静脉注射740 MBq99Tcm-MIBI,休息15 min后进行多巴酚丁胺负荷试验,在达到终止指标时静脉注射111 MSq201TICI.注射后观察5-lO min,分别行早期(10 min)、延迟(3 h)99Tcm-MIBI和201Tl双核素同步心肌断层显像.对早期负荷201Tl图像发现放射性缺损,延迟再分布201Tl和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像未见放射性填充的患者再注射37 MBq201TICI,30min后行再注射心肌灌注显像.负荷枷201Tl图像示放射性缺损,静息99Tcm-MIBI、再分布201Tl及再注射201Tl图像中发现任何一种放射性填充者均为存活心肌.断层显像后2周内全部患者进行了冠状动脉造影.采用SAS 6.12软件进行x2检验.结果 (1) 160例患者冠状动脉造影均发现冠状动脉狭窄.其中单支病变76例、双支病变5l例、三支病变33例.(2)152例多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl图像发现放射性缺损的患者中,63例201Tl再分布和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均发现放射性填充,5例201Tl再分布发现放射性填充而静息99Tcm-MIBI图像未见放射性填充,9例静息99Tcm-MIBI图像发现放射性填充而2001Tl再分布未见放射性填允,75例201Tl再分布和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均未发现放射性填充,负荷201Tl-延迟再分布显像(66.0%,68/103)和负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI显像(69.9%,72/103)鉴别存活心肌的灵敏度差异无统计学意义(x2=O.36,P>0.05).(3)75例201Tl再分布和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均未发现放射性填充患者中,再注射201Tl显像后有26例放射性填充,再注射201Tl显像较单纯201Tl再分布或静息99Tcm-MIBI显像多检测出34.7%(26/75)患者有存活心肌.(4)8例多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl、201Tl再分布图像和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均未发现放射性稀疏,为假阴性,其中3例为三支冠状动脉病变,1例为双支冠状动脉病变(狭窄分别为90%及60%),3例为单支冠状动脉病变(狭窄<75%2例,85%1例),1例冠状动脉闭塞后有充分的侧枝循环.结论 多巴酚丁胺负荷-再分布/再注射201Tl心肌断层显像鉴别存活心肌优于多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI双核素同步心肌断层显像,是一种有效、无创的鉴别存活心肌的方法.     

99 Tcm-tetrofosmin与99Tcm-MIBI心肌显像的对比研究

目的　评价99Tcm 1,2 双 [双 2 乙氧乙基膦 ]乙烷 (tetrofosmin)诊断冠心病的临床价值。方法　经冠脉造影、病历资料完整的 5 3例患者 ,其中行99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌灌注显像 2 7例 ,行99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像 2 6例。运动负荷试验按Bruce方案进行。Tetrofosmin显像于给药后 30min行心肌断层显像 ,间隔 2 4h后作静息心肌断层显像 ,运动 静息一日法则在 4h后作静息心肌断层显像 ;MIBI显像于给药后 1～ 2h行心肌断层显像 ,48h后作静息心肌断层显像。冠脉造影采用Judkins法。结果　99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌灌注显像 ,运动、静息显像以及运动 静息一日法心肌显像均获得了清晰的心肌断层图像 ,均未发现邻近器官有明显的放射性干扰。Tetrofosmin诊断冠心病的灵敏度为 90 % ,MIBI的诊断灵敏度为 94% ,两者间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。Tetrofosmin的检测效率为 85 .2 % ,MIBI的检测效率为88.5 % ,两者间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。Tetrofosmin和MIBI的阳性预测值分别为 90 .0 %和 89.5 % ,诊断特异性分别为 71%和 75 %。结论　99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌显像对冠心病心肌缺血具有较高的诊断价值 ,且适用于运动 静息一日法心肌显像     

腺苷试验与运动试验201Tl心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断价值的比较

目的比较腺苷试验与运动试验^201Tl心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断价值。方法将41例临床疑诊冠心病患者随机分为两组,一组进行腺苷试验^201Tl心肌灌注显像,一组进行运动试验^201Tl心肌灌注显像。两组试验对象均同期（2周内）行冠状动脉造影术。以冠状动脉狭窄≥50%作为冠心病诊断的“金标准”,比较两种负荷方法对冠心病的诊断价值。结果腺苷试验^201Tl心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测率、阴性预测率、准确率分别为92.86%、57.14%、81.25%、80.0%、80.95%,运动试验^201Tl心肌灌注显像分别为100%、60.0%、71.43%、100%、80.0%,两种负荷方法对病变冠状动脉的检出率分别为66.67%和72.22%。结论两种负荷方法诊断冠心病的总体效能无显著差异。     

ATP负荷与运动负荷心肌灌注断层显像对冠心病的诊断价值

目的　探讨ATP负荷心肌灌注断层显像 (ATP MPI)诊断冠心病 (CAD)的价值。方法　6 1例无心肌梗死病史的疑诊CAD患者 ,均在不同时间分别行静息、ATP负荷及运动负荷99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像 (一日法静息 ATP、隔日运动或一日法静息 运动、隔日ATP ,分别简称为ATP MPI和ST MPI) ,其中 4 6例行冠状动脉造影。结果　ATP MPI诊断CAD的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 90 9% ,91 7%和 91 3% ,ST MPI分别为 86 4 % ,91 7%和 89 1% ,差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。ATP MPI检测冠状动脉血管狭窄的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 84 6 % ,86 9%和86 2 % ,ST MPI则分别为 84 6 % ,84 8%和 84 8% ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。ATP负荷试验时不良反应发生率明显高于运动负荷试验 (88 5 %vs 5 4 1% ,χ2 =17 6 6 9,P <0 0 1) ,但均轻微而短暂 ,恢复时间明显短于后者。结论　ATP MPI诊断CAD的价值与ST MPI相似。ATP负荷试验安全性与耐受性良好 ,尤其适用于老年、无法运动和高血压患者。     

阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病的临床诊断价值

目的 评价阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷试验心肌灌注显像对冠心病的临床诊断价值.方法 将研究对象按性别、年龄、冠心病的严重程度[依据冠状动脉(简称冠脉)造影结果]及合并症等进行配对,分为阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷组(研究组)和6 min腺苷负荷组(对照组),每组28例.研究组在注射腺苷前10 min静脉注射阿托品0.5 mg.2组病例分别经肘静脉用注射泵持续注入腺苷,剂量为按体质量0.14 mg·kg-1·min-1,用药时间为4和6 min,于注射腺苷3 min末,分别从肘静脉注入99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)740 MBq.腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像在注射显像剂后1.5 h进行,隔日进行静息心肌灌注显像.结果 (1)研究组和对照组腺苷负荷心肌显像诊断冠心病心肌缺血的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为85%,6/8,82%和86%,5/7,82%,2组比较χ2均＜0.001,P均＞0.05.(2)研究组腺苷负荷试验诊断单支、双支、三支冠脉狭窄病变的灵敏度分别为6/7,8/9和3/4,对照组分别为7/8,7/8和4/5,组间比较χ2均＜0.001,P＞0.05.(3)研究组和对照组不良反应总的发生率分别为82%和89%;2组各不良反应发生率除胸闷(43%和68%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.000,P＜0.05)以外,其余表现2组比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病心肌缺血有较高的诊断价值,可达到6 min腺苷负荷试验的诊断效能,且胸闷发生率低,更安全简便.     

双核素门控心肌断层显像对心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的　提高心肌断层显像技术对冠心病诊断的准确性和实用性。方法　采用双核素门控心肌断层显像对 10 3例受检者进行检查 ,患者分为冠心病组 (3 7例 )和非冠心病组 (66例 )。静息注射2 0 1Tl和运动高峰注入99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI) ,40min后一次性进行门控双能峰断层采集。分析比较运动和静息的断层图像 ,以及室壁运动、心肌灌注、室壁增厚度和区域射血分数值等 4个功能图像和左室功能参数 :左室射血分数、舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积 (LVEF、EDV和ESV) ,并以不同角度的“双网图”分析各心壁运动情况。有 3 8例在 2周内进行冠状动脉造影。结果　冠心病组检查阳性 94.6% (3 5 / 3 7例 ) ,阴性 5 .4% (2 / 3 7例 ) ;非冠心病组中检查阳性 10 .6% (7/ 66例 ) ,阴性89.4% (5 9/ 66例 )。冠心病组中双核素门控心肌断层显像提示心肌缺血共 48个节段 ,其中有 3 2个在功能图像上出现室壁运动下降和 (或 )区域LVEF值降低 (66.7% )。冠心病组LVEF(% ) ,EDV(mL)和ESV(mL)分别为 5 2 .3 3± 16.2 6,70 .45± 2 8.12和 3 3 .3 5± 18.86,非冠心病组分别为 61.76± 9.3 8,60 .45± 18.18和 2 3 .3 0± 11.0 9,两组之间比较P <0 .0 1(t=2 .96) ,P <0 .0 5 (t =2 .5 5 ) ,P <0 .0 5 (t =2 .67)。其中 3 8例与冠状     

ATP负荷表模式采集首次通过心功能测定和心肌显像对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：探讨在ATP负荷下联合应用表模式采集首次通过心功能测定与心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的价值。方法：对照组36例和冠心病组97例,在ATP负荷下,以^99Tc^m－甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）为示踪剂,先用模式采集首次通过法测定心功能,90min后进行心肌灌注断层显像,并将其中52例与静息显像进行比较。结果：ATP负荷后心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的灵敏度,特异性和准确性较静息状态差异有显著性（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）,而左心室射血分数（LVEF）诊断冠心病的灵敏度与准确性差异亦有显著性（P＜0．05）,但特异性差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。心肌梗死组都有不同程度心功能减低与心室扩张,甚至出现心肺血流动力学的改变,应用电影显示有52．38％的患者梗死节段存在不同程度的室壁运动。结论：该方法能同时评价心肌流灌注,心脏舒缩功能,心肺血流动力学及判断心室重构,室壁瘤形成与心肌活力,提高了对冠心病的诊断价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.