^99Tc^m—tetrofosmin与^99Tc^m—MIBI心肌显像的对比研究

目的 评价^99Tc^m-1,2－双[双－2－乙氧乙基膦]乙烷（tetrofosmin）诊断冠心病的临床价值。方法 经冠脉造影、病历资料完整的53例患者,其中行^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin心肌灌注显像27例,行^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注显像26例。运动负荷试验按Bruce方案进行。tetrofosmin显像于给药后30min行心肌断层显像,间隔24h后作静息心肌断层显像,运动－静息一日法则在4h后作静息心肌断层显像;MIBI显像于给药后1－2h行心肌断层显像,48h后作静息心肌断层显像。冠脉造影采用Judkins法。结果 ^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin心肌灌注显像,运动,静息显像以及运动－静息一日法心肌显像均获得了清晰的心肌断层图像,均未发现邻近器官有明显的放射性干扰。Tetrofosmin诊断冠心病的灵敏度为90％,MIBI的诊断灵敏度为94％,两者间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。Tetrofosmin的检测效率为85．2％,MIBI的检测效率为88．5％,两者间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。Tetrofosmin和MIBI的阳性预测值分别为90．0％和89．5％,诊断特异性分别为71％和75％。结论 Tetrofosmin心肌显像对冠心病心肌缺血具有较高的诊断价值,且适用于运动－静息一日法心肌显像。     

运动99Tcm-MIBI心肌显像左室暂时性扩大诊断冠状动脉病变的价值

目的　探讨定量分析运动99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)心肌显像左室暂时性扩大诊断冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 ) 3支病变的价值。方法　 76例拟诊冠心病患者 ,平均年龄 (6 1± 8 3)岁。间隔1个月内完成运动 静息99Tcm MIBI心肌断层显像和冠脉造影检查。根据心肌短轴断层影像直径方向剖面曲线 2个峰值点间的距离计算左心腔面积 (LVD) ,以运动 /静息LVD比值 (LVDR)作为判断左心腔暂时性扩大的指标。结果　冠脉造影正常组、冠脉 1支病变、2支病变和 3支病变组LVDR平均值分别为 1 0 1± 0 0 5、1 0 2± 0 0 5、1 0 5± 0 0 4和 1 13± 0 0 6。 76例拟诊冠心病患者中左室暂时性扩大者 2 1例 ,其中 ,有冠脉 3支病变者 19例 (90 % )。LVDR值诊断冠脉 3支病变的灵敏度和特异性分别为 82 %和 94% ,常规分析方法分别为 5 0 %和 91%。其灵敏度显著高于常规分析方法 (χ2 =4 96 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,特异性差异无显著性 (χ2 =1 31,P >0 0 5 ) ,2种分析方法结合 ,灵敏度进一步提高 ,而特异性无显著下降。结论　定量分析运动99Tcm MIBI心肌显像左心腔暂时性扩大可提高其诊断冠脉 3支病变的灵敏度 ,不降低其特异性 ,LVDR值是诊断冠脉 3支病变的 1个新的有用指标。     

乳腺癌及腋淋巴结转移~(99)Tc~m-tetrofosmin与~(99)Tc~m-MIBI显像的对比研究

目的　比较99Tcm tetrofosmin和99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)显像诊断乳腺癌和腋淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法　对 5 2例乳腺肿瘤患者进行99Tcm tetrofosmin和99Tcm MIBI显像。患者均在 2周内行外科手术治疗 ,并做病理检查。结果　 2 6例患者病理检查证实为乳腺癌 ,其中 30例为良性病变。99Tcm tetrofosmin显像发现乳腺癌 2 1例 ,其中 11例合并腋淋巴结转移 ;99Tcm MIBI显像发现乳腺癌 19例 ,其中 12例合并腋淋巴结转移。99Tcm tetrofosmin和99Tcm MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 80 8%、76 7%、78 6 %和 73 1%、73 3%、73 2 % ;诊断腋淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 6 8 8%、80 0 %、76 0 %和 75 0 %、80 0 %、76 9%。结论　99Tcm tetrofosmin显像对乳腺癌的检出优于99Tcm MIBI显像     

门控心肌显像局部室壁运动异常对判断冠状动脉狭窄程度的价值

目的　探讨99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)门控心肌显像可逆性局部室壁运动异常(RWMA)对判断冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 )狭窄程度的价值。方法　 116例疑诊冠心病患者 ,在行运动 静息99Tcm MIBI门控心肌显像前后 2周内进行冠脉造影 (CAG)。运动显像于运动后 15～ 2 0min内进行图像采集 ;应用 2 0节段 5分制进行室壁运动及增厚率评分。结果　用心肌显像可逆性RWMA判断狭窄程度≥ 75 %冠脉狭窄的灵敏度为 6 5 % ,特异性为 97% ;用可逆性RWMA区别严重冠脉狭窄 (≥75 % )和不严重冠脉狭窄 (<75 % )有较高的阳性预测值 (98% )。多因素分析示负荷室壁运动总积分(SSSWM)、室壁运动差分值 (SDSWM)和运动显像灌注总积分 (SSS)是濒危冠脉积分的独立危险因子。结论　根据99Tcm MIBI门控心肌显像可逆性RWMA判断严重冠脉狭窄特异性和阳性预测值较高。运动后及可逆性RWMA可提高心肌灌注显像对冠脉狭窄程度的评估价值。     

99Tcm-MIBI静息心肌断层显像对年轻心肌梗死患者心肌损伤的评价

目的　用99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)静息SPECT显像评价年轻心肌梗死患者的心肌损伤。方法　总结分析了 42例年龄 <40岁的心肌梗死患者99Tcm MIBI静息心肌灌注断层显像 ,并与冠状动脉造影和ECG进行比较。结果　 42例年轻心肌梗死患者 ,90 % (38例 )心肌灌注显像异常 ,10 % (4例 )未见明显异常 ,诊断灵敏度为 90 %。与ECG相比 ,心肌灌注显像对梗死灶定位更准确 ,特别是心尖和后壁梗死。结论　心肌灌注显像显示年轻心肌梗死患者心肌受损较严重。     

冠心病患者~(201)Tl和~(99)Tc~m-MIBI双核素心肌灌注显像

目的　探讨静息2 0 1 Tl 负荷99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)双核素心肌SPECT显像在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法　对 36例冠心病患者行2 0 1 Tl负荷 延迟再分布心肌SPECT显像 ;常规潘生丁药物负荷高峰时 ,静脉注射2 0 1 Tl111～ 14 8MBq ,15min后进行心肌显像。对 2 3例冠心病患者和 9例正常人行静息2 0 1 Tl负荷、99Tcm MIBI双核素心肌SPECT显像 ,静息状态注射2 0 1 Tl111～ 14 8MBq ,注射后5min给予潘生丁药物负荷 ,高峰时注射99Tcm MIBI 92 5MBq。 1h后行双核素显像。结果　 36例冠心病患者2 0 1 Tl负荷 延迟再分布心肌显像的阳性率为 83 33% ,2 3例冠心病患者双核素心肌显像的阳性率为 10 0 % ,两组阳性率比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =4 2 6 7,P =0 0 4 3)。 9例正常受检者均为阴性。结论双核素心肌显像对冠心病的检出率较高 ,省时、安全并可获得高质量图像 ,对冠心病诊断有较高临床价值。     

^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像假阴性与假阳性的临床分析

目的探讨^99mTc-MIBI（甲氧基异睛）心肌灌注断层显像与冠状动脉造影不一致的临床意义。方法136例临床诊断为冠心病患者,于冠状动脉造影术（CAG）前2周内行^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像（运动或药物负荷及静息显像）。以CAG为金标准,分析^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像假阳性与假阴性的临床意义。结果两者不相符合13例,^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阳性而冠状动脉正常者10例,^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阴性而冠状动脉造影阳性者3例。结论^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阴性而冠状动脉造影阳性提示冠脉临界病变,^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阳性而冠状动脉造影阴性提示冠脉微循环灌注不足。     

核素心肌断层显像诊断心尖肥厚型心肌病

目的　探讨核素心肌断层显像对心尖肥厚型心肌病 (AHCM)的诊断价值。方法　 32例有特殊心电图改变、疑为AHCM的患者行超声心动图 (UCG)、99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)心肌断层显像、冠状动脉造影及左室造影等检查。结果　 32例患者中确诊为AHCM者 2 9例 ,UCG与核素心肌断层显像诊断灵敏度分别为 93.1%和 89.7% ,两者差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　99Tcm MIBI心肌断层显像是诊断AHCM一种有效无创的方法。     

潘生丁负荷后1h和24h~(99)Tc~m-MIBI门控SPECT显示其可诱发的短暂的持续心肌顿抑

目的 :研究潘生丁负荷后门控单光子发射计算机断层显像 (SPECT)是否能反映静息室壁运动 ,以及由潘生丁负荷所诱发的心肌顿抑。方法 :6 2例患者 (冠心病 5 7例 ,胸痛 5例 )首日进行潘生丁负荷门控 99Tcm -甲氧基异丁基异腈 (99Tcm - MIBI) SPECT和静息 2 0 1　 Tl SPECT;次日行 2 4h延迟 2 0 1　 Tl SPECT和静息门控 99Tcm- MIBI SPECT。负荷和静息门控 99Tcm- MIBI SPECT在注射显像剂 1h后进行。心肌被分为 17个节段 ,灌注分 4个标准 (0示正常、1示轻度减低、2示严重减低、3示缺损 ) ;室壁运动采用另外 4个标准 (0示正…     

99TCm-MIBI联合67Ga心肌显像诊断小儿病毒性心肌炎

目的　探讨99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)心肌灌注显像联合6 7Ga心肌显像诊断小儿病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)的价值。方法　 78例VMC患儿 ,其中急性期 (<6个月 ) 4 5例 ,慢性期 (>6个月) 33例 ,分别行99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像和6 7Ga心肌显像。结果　 4 5例急性期患儿中 31例(6 8 9% ) 99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像出现不同程度的放射性分布异常 ,38例 (84 4 % ) 6 7Ga心肌显像示心脏部位异常放射性浓聚 ;33例慢性期患儿中 2 3例 (6 9 7% ) 99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像阳性 ,6 7Ga心肌显像仅10例 (30 3% )阳性。急性期两者结果差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;慢性期两者差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像联合6 7Ga心肌显像对诊断小儿VMC及观察病情演变有较高价值。     

Clinical comparison of 99mTc-HMDP and 99mTc-MDP

^99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) was compared to ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) with respect to image quality, lesion detectability, and the uptake ratios of normal bone to soft tissue (B/S), metastatic bone to soft tissue (M/S) and bone metastases to normal bone (M/B) at 2 and 3 h after injection in the same subjects. Thirty-three patients with bone metastases were examined in six nuclear-medicine departments, with each center using its usual bone-scanning protocol which was identical for both compounds in the same patient. The uptake of ^99mTc-HMDP in normal bone (B/S) was significantly higher than that of MDP at 2 and 3 h, but there were no significant differences between the two compounds with regard to the M/S or M/B or M/B ratios. The M/B of HMDP at 2 h was not significantly different from that of MDP at 3 h, the latter showing a significantly higher B/S and M/S ratio. All lesions were detected with both compounds, even at 2 h. The image quality was rated as follows (in decreasing order): HMDP (3 h), MDP (3 h), HMDP (2 h), and MDP (2 h). HMDP was shown to be a useful bone-imaging agent, especially when shorter intervals between injection and recording are required.     

Clinical comparison of bone scintigraphy with 99Tcm-DPD, 99Tcm-HDP and 99Tcm-MDP

The bone-imaging agents MDP, DPD and HDP were compared radiochemically (only minor differences were found) in 12 patients with prostatic and 12 patients with breast carcinoma. Each patient received both MDP and either DPD or HDP. The scintigraphic examinations were compared visually and quantitatively. The uptake ratio normal bone/soft tissue was higher for DPD and HDP than for MDP. The ratio pathologic bone/normal bone was highest for MDP, particularly for prostatic carcinoma. The differences in this ratio for breast carcinoma were in general non-significant. The observed differences were minor and of little practical importance.     

99mTc-Technegas

99mTc-Technegas (Technegas) scintigraphy, including planar and SPECT images, was reviewed in patients who mainly had pulmonary emphysema. The Technegas images showed different degrees of change, from areas of heterogeneity to hot spots or defects. Comparison of planar and SPECT Technegas images revealed that more detailed findings were shown by SPECT than by planar images in mild cases. In more severe cases, the findings of SPECT and planar images were equivalent. In advanced stages, SPECT images should be excluded in favor of planar images. Technegas SPECT could demonstrate ventilation impairment more easily than 133Xe gas dynamic SPECT. The optical average score of Technegas in whole lung correlated well with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) and FEV1.0/forced vital capacity. Technegas could assess ventilation impairment in pulmonary emphysema more easily than CT, especially in the upper lung field. Technegas was useful for the assessment not only of pulmonary emphysema but also of other diseases. For the quantitative evaluation of Technegas, some investigators study three-dimensional fractal analysis or mean voxel values of the lung. These quantitative analyses are useful for classifying clinical stage and comparing cases.     

Scintigraphic findings on99mTc-MDP,99mTc-sestamibi and99mTc-HMPAO images in Gaucher's disease

Gaucher's disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease characterized by the specific deficiency of glucocerebrosidase that leads to accumulation of insoluble glucocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial system, particularly the bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Direct scintigraphic visualization of lipid deposits in Gaucher's disease has recently been described, based on the use of the lipid-soluble xenon-133. We report here on the use of the lipophilic cat-ionic complex technetium-99m sestamibi (^99mTc-MIBI), employed as an indicator of increased cellular density and metabolic activity, to evaluate Gaucher cell infiltrates in the bone marrow;^99mTc-hexametazime (^99mTc-HMPAO) was also employed, as a pure indicator of lipidic infiltration in the bone marrow. A 67-year-old patient with known type 1 Gaucher's disease presented with a painful left hip and knee and difficulty in gait subsequent to traumatic fracture of the left femoral neck that had required implant of a fixation screw-plaque. Bone scan with^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate revealed reduced uptake at the distal metaphyseal-epiphyseal femoral region. In addition, whole-body maps and spot-view acquisitions of the thighs and legs were recorded at both 30 min and 2.5 h after the injection of^99mTc-MIBI: the scintigraphic pattern clearly showed increased uptake at several sites involved by Gaucher deposits in the bone marrow (both knees, with variable intensity in different areas), matching the bone changes detected by conventional x-ray. The target to non-target ratios slowly decreased with time, from an average value of 2.25 in the early scan to an average value of 2 in the delayed scan. The lipid-soluble agent^99mTc-HMPAO exhibited a superimposable scintigraphic pattern of accumulation at the involved sites, though with lower target to non-target ratios (1.27–1.48). The results obtained in this patient suggest a potential role of^99mTc-MIBI in the scintigraphic evaluation of Gaucher's lipid deposits in the bone marrow. If the results are confirmed in other patients, this radiopharmaceutical would offer clear advantages over¹³³Xe because of its wider availability and greater practicality (i.v. administration of^99mTc-MIBI versus inhalation of¹³³Xe, and use of a single gamma camera instead of two as with¹³³Xe).     

99mTc-Diethyl-HIDA

Sephadex column chromatography has shown that ^99mTc-diethyl-HIDA consists of two clearly separable components. One of them seems to be an intermediate compound changing into the other, almost completely within two hours after reconstitution of the diethyl-HIDA (Solco HIDA) with pertechnetate. The two components could be the mono- and biscomplex of N-(2,6-diethyl-acetanilid)-imino diacetic acid with one atom of technetium. Animal experiments show that there is no important difference in the biological distribution in mice between the two components.     

Some remarks on 99Mo- 99mTc generator kinetics

Attention is drawn to some erroneous and incomplete pieces of information on ⁹⁹Mo-^99mTc generator kinetics published in the literature. The assumption that ^99mTc is eluted completely from the generator leads to the incorrect ^99mTc activity-time curve plotted in some papers. It is shown that the time at which ^99mTc activity in the generator reaches the maximum value depends on the efficiency of ^99mTc separation. The expression derived by authors allows the prediction of ^99mTc activity available in the second separation performed several hours after the previous separation.