^153Sm—EDTMP显像测定骨摄取率在个体化治疗剂量计算中的应用

目的 探讨^153Sm-乙二胺四甲撑膦酸（EDTMP）全身显像法在个体化给药剂量计算中的价值。方法 对20例骨转移癌患者进行^153Sm-EDTMP显像,计算骨摄取率,并与尿液收集法进行比较。结果 显像法与尿液收集法所测得的骨摄取率之间具有很好的相关性（r=0.93)。根据显像法计算的骨摄取率,给药剂量为1．40－2．27GBq(平均1．90GBq),骨髓吸收剂量为1．37－1．43Gy(平均1．40Gy)。按标准体重计算,则应给予的剂量为1．75－2．41GBq（平均2．18GBq),骨髓吸收剂量为1．37－2．27Gy(平均1．63Gy)。两种方法给药剂量之间差异有显著性（t=4.075,P=0.001),同髓吸收剂量差异也有显著性（t=4.030,P=0.001)。结论 骨转移癌患者治疗剂量按^153Sm-EDTMP显像法测定的骨摄取率进行个体化给药,在达到治疗目的同时,还可避免发生骨髓毒性反应,具有重要的临床价值。     

基于蒙特卡罗EGS4算法的核素内照射吸收剂量计算方法探讨

目的 以蒙特卡罗EGS4算法(Monte Carlo EGS4,MC EGS4)为基础,用时序性SPECT/CT检查探讨核素内照射治疗吸收剂量的计算方法.方法 用体模标定153Sm放射性浓度与SPECT图像灰度值的关系;用RMI467型CT体模标定不同组织物理密度与CT图像灰度值的关系;优化MC EGS4计算程序.以此为基础,通过时序性SPECT/CT检查和累积尿液的放射性测定,计算4例肿瘤多发骨转移患者153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMP,按体重注射24.1 MBq/kg)内照射治疗后不同靶器官的三维吸收剂量分布和病灶、骨髓、脊髓、盆腔性腺组织的吸收剂量.结果 SPECT和CT图像的灰度值分别与153Sm放射性浓度和组织物理密度之间存在线性对应关系(P＜0.05).多发骨转移癌患者骨转移灶的153Sm-EDTMP吸收剂量分布明显不均,放射性累积中心点吸收剂量最高,边缘区域剂量降低.1例患者最高点内照射吸收剂量率为4.3×10-8 Gy·s-1,左髂骨转移灶最高吸收剂量约为5.6 Gy,病灶边缘吸收剂量为2.0 Gy.其他3例患者病灶最高点吸收剂量率分别为4.5×10-8,3.5×10-8,3.8×10-8 Gy·s-1.结论 基于MC EGS4算法,用时序性SPECT/CT可计算核素内照射治疗患者的病灶和其他靶器官吸收剂量及其三维分布.     

153Sm-EDTMP吸收剂量的MonteCarlo和MIRD算法比较

目的以153Sm-乙二胺四甲撑膦酸(153Sm-EDTMP)治疗鼻咽癌多发性骨转移为例,分别用蒙特卡罗法(Monte Carlo,MC)和MIRD方法计算153Sm-EDTMP治疗后病灶和骨髓等靶器官的吸收剂量,探讨其临床应用之不同.方法基于病人时序性SPECT/CT扫描和累积尿液的放射性测定,利用优化的MC EGS4程序和MIRD方法分别计算病灶和其他靶器官的吸收剂量.结果MC EGS4法计算结果提示病灶内剂量分布不均匀.患者注射153Sm-EDTMP 33.6×37 MBq,左髂骨转移病灶最高吸收剂量约为5.6 Gy,病灶边缘的吸收剂量为2.0 Gy,以病灶区最高剂量点为参考点,则椎体、皮质、骨髓、脊髓和盆腔组织仅相当于最高剂量的37%、12%、13%、21%和2%;MIRD方法的计算数据仅能粗略提示全身红骨髓吸收剂量,为2.39 Gy.结论MC EGS4方法能准确计算病灶、骨髓和其他靶器官的内照射吸收剂量,故可以真正指导核素临床治疗;而MIRD仅能大致评估153Sm-EDTMP的骨髓毒性.     

153Sm-EDTMP治疗巨大骨转移癌的初步应用

笔者用1 53Sm 乙二胺四甲撑膦酸(EDTMP)治疗了 18例巨大骨转移癌患者 ,现报道如下。一、资料与方法1 临床资料。巨大骨转移癌 (按文献 [1]诊断标准 )患者 18例 ,男 10例 ,女8例 ,平均年龄 5 8(2 2～ 78)岁。原发癌分别为前列腺癌 6例 ,肺癌 6例 ,乳腺癌 4例 ,鼻咽癌 2例。转移部位为骨盆 6例 ,肱骨、脊柱和股骨各 4例。均未接受手术、放疗、化疗或细胞毒素治疗。患者注射 18 5MBq1 53Sm EDTMP后收集 8h内的尿液 ,测放射性 ,分别计算骨摄取率 ,骨累积活度 ,骨皮质、骨内膜层、骨小梁和红骨髓的吸收剂量。2 药物和仪器。1 53Sm EDTMP…     

~(153)Sm—EDTMP治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移

目的:观察~(153)Sm—EDTMP[~(153)钐乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMP)]治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的疼痛和活动障碍的疗效。方法:43例恶性肿瘤骨转移病人(男性32例,女性11例),年龄58.21±11.63岁,应用~(153)Sm—EDTMP治疗2～5次。结果:止痛有效率79.07％。合并化疗、放疗或以骨膦为主的生物治疗者较单用~(153)Sm—EDTMP者疗效好。对活动障碍的有效率为51.16％。结论:应用~(153)Sm—EDTMP治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移病人,能有效减轻病人疼痛,改善活动障碍。     

~（153）Sm－EDTMP的体内动力学及其治疗骨转移瘤的方法学探讨

１５３Ｓｍ－乙二胺四甲基膦酸（ＥＤＴＭＰ）在骨转移瘤病人的体内药代动力学表明：静脉注射后１小时，药物已基本从血中清除，８小时后尿液中几乎无放射性．第一次病人静脉内注射７４０ＭＢｑ１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ，测得１３６例病人的尿排泄率为３７．４２％±１６．４０％，骨摄取率为６２．７８％±１６．０８％．根据骨摄取率和红骨髓吸收剂量，再计算第二次应补足的剂量，可以避免骨髓不必要的损伤．还可判断转移灶的吸收剂量，达到最佳治疗效果．     

前列腺癌骨转移全身骨显像特征

笔者分析了老年性前列腺癌骨转移患者核素全身骨显像结果 ,现报道如下。一、资料与方法1 临床资料。 1999年 11月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月在本院泌尿外科就诊资料完整的老年性前列腺癌患者 35例 ,年龄 5 0～ 83岁 ,平均 70 9岁。2 方法。所有患者均行核素骨显像 ,使用西门子e Cam双探头SPECT仪 ,配低能高分辨准直器。99Tcm 亚甲基二膦酸盐 (MDP)由中国原子能科学研究院提供。静脉注射99Tcm MDP 1 11GBq ,注药后 3h ,患者排空小便后取仰卧位行前后位、后前位全身骨显像 ,由 2位以上有经验的核医学科医师阅片 ,以健侧部位或相邻正常骨组织为对照 ,放射性分布明显增高判为阳性 ,即转移病灶。骨转移经全身核素骨显像、X线片、MRI及临床症状 (局部压痛或疼痛 )且随防观察确诊。二、结果与讨论35例前列腺癌骨显像示骨转移 2 8例 (80 % ) ,其中多发骨转移 2 5例(89 3% ) ,有 1例呈“过度显像”。 2 8例骨转移患者共 2 0 8个骨转移病灶 ,依次为脊柱、肋骨转移 118个 (5 6 7% ) ,骨盆转移 71个 (34 1% ) ,四肢、颅骨...     

骨转移癌患者对~(186)Re-HEDP和~(153)Sm-EDTMP的骨摄取和软组织滞留

目的 :利用改良骨扫描技术测定用 1 86　 Re- 1-羟基 - 1-亚乙基 - 1,1-二膦酸盐 (1 86　 Re- HEDP)和 1 53 　 Sm -乙二胺四甲撑膦酸盐 (1 53 　 Sm- EDTMP)治疗后的骨转移癌患者对这两种放射性药物的骨组织摄取和软组织滞留。方法 :将 2 9例恶性肿瘤多发骨转移患者分两组 ,分别给予 1 86　 Re- HEDP12 95 MBq和 1 53　 Sm- EDTMP37MBq/ kg弹丸式注射 ,治疗后 3min、3h、2 4h和 72 h进行前后位全身骨扫描 ,用感兴趣区技术测量全身、膀胱和双侧大腿内收肌的放射性活度。软组织残留放射性活度 (t) =全身总活度 (3m in)×双侧内收…     

重离子束12C6+照射人离体血建立淋巴细胞微核的剂量-效应曲线

目的　研究建立重离子束1 2 C6 + 照射人离体血诱发淋巴细胞微核的剂量 效应曲线。方法　用地面加速器产生的重离子1 2 C6 + (平均LET为 36 70keV μm) ,不同吸收剂量、不同吸收剂量率照射离体人血 ,用CB微核法观察双核淋巴细胞中的微核。结果　在 0～ 6Gy吸收剂量范围内 ,淋巴细胞微核率随吸收剂量的增加而增加 ,拟合的最佳方程为Y =6 6 5 0 9×D0 .85。结论　1 2 C6 + 照射人离体血诱发淋巴细胞微核在 0～ 6Gy吸收剂量范围内呈幂函数关系。     

18F-FLT PET显像预测肿瘤放射敏感性的实验研究

目的 探讨18 F-FLT PET显像能否预测肿瘤放射敏感性.方法 对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞和脑胶质瘤LN229细胞以6 MVX线照射0、8和16Gy后分别行克隆形成细胞存活率实验和18 F-FLT细胞摄取实验,各剂量组2种细胞的数据差异行t检验,同种细胞放疗前(0 Gy)与放疗后数据差异行单因素方差分析.将MDA-MB-237和LN229细胞分别接种至雌性BALB/c nu/nu裸鼠右后肢外侧皮下,待肿瘤直径长至10 mm时,将2种荷瘤鼠均按0、8和16 Gy分组(随机数字表法),每组20只.各组按相应剂量放疗后分别行18F-FLT PET显像和免疫组织化学检测,计算肿瘤与肌肉的SUV比值(T/M)和TK1标记指数(LITK1),并行相关性分析.结果 8Gy辐照后MDA-MB-231细胞和LN229细胞生存分数分别为(59.73±4.3)％和(93.41±3.75)％(t=-13.20,P＜0.001),16 Gy时两者生存分数分别为(43.57±4.06)％和(81.77±4.42)％(t=-14.24,P＜0.001).8Gy辐照后1 h MDA-MB-231细胞18F-FLT摄取降至(18.32±1.38) kBq/105细胞[0Gy时为(128.22±8.24) kBq/105细胞,F=266.41,P＜0.01],72h内保持在较低水平;LN229细胞辐照后1h摄取降至(9.87±1.30) kBq/105细胞[0 Gy时为(134.88±6.59) kBq/105细胞,F=346.06,P＜0.01],后逐渐增加,72 h时升至(127.17±9.08) kBq/105细胞(F =346.06,P＞0.05);16 Gy时2种细胞摄取变化基本同8Gy组.8 Gy放疗后裸鼠MDA-MB-231移植瘤18 F-FLT摄取在第1天T/M比值下降至0.78±0.39(放疗前为2.84±0.29,F=39.78,P＜0.01),后缓慢升高,在第7天时仍低于放疗前水平(F=39.78,P＜0.01);16 Gy时变化基本同8Gy组.LN229移植瘤8 Gy放疗在第1天T/M比值升高至2.41±0.47(放疗前为1.58±0.29,F=34.01,P＜0.05),后逐渐降低,到第7天降至0.66±0.32(F=34.01,P＜0.05);16 Gy放疗后18 F-FLT摄取值持续下降,至第7天降到0.44±0.22 (F=41.85,P＜0.01).2组细胞移植瘤8Gy和16 Gy放疗后18F-FLT摄取与TK1表达相关(8 Gy:r =0.67,0.73; 16 Gy:r =0.73,0.69,均P＜0.01).结论 实验结果示18F-FLT PET显像能够预测肿瘤放射敏感性,能否应用于临床需进一步研究.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。