Crebanine inhibits voltage-dependent Na+current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes简

AIM： To study the effects of crebanine on voltage-gated Na＋ channels in cardiac tissues. METHODS： Single ventricular myocytes were enzymatically dissociated from adult guinea-pig heart. Voltage-dependent Na＋ current was recorded using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. RESULTS： Crebanine reversibly inhibited Na＋ current with an IC50 value of 0.283 mmol.L-1 （95% confidence range： 0.248-0.318 mmol.L-1）. Crebanine at 0.262 mmol.L-1 caused a negative shift （about 12 mV） in the voltage-dependence of steady-state inactivation of Na＋ current, and retarded its recovery from inactivation, but did not affect its activation curve. CONCLUSION： In addition to blocking other voltage-gated ion channels, crebanine blocked Na＋ channels in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Crebanine acted as an inactivation stabilizer of Na＋ channels in cardiac tissues.     

STUDY ON INVOLVEMENT OF L-ARG-NO IN THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC INJURY IN THE RAT

In the present study, the involvement of L-arginine(L-Arg) NO on he protective action of electroacupuncture(EA) on cerebral ischemic injury was observed in acute ischemia-reperfusion(IR)rat model by taking regional cerebral blood flow(r-CBF), cerebral water content(CWC), and blood nitric oxide(NO) contents as indexes. Results showed that 1) EA could cause r-CBF and serum NO content to increase and CWC to lower, suggesting an protective action of EA on IR cerebral injury; 2) intravenous injection of L-Arg also had an protective effect on cerebral IR cerebral injury, while L-NNA had no this effect; and 3) pre-treatment with L-Arg might strengthen the effect of EA further, while pretreatment with L-NNA could weaken its effect. It indicates that L-Arg-NO may be involved in the effect of EA in protecting the brain from ischemic injury.     

EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON THE PHASE OF REPOLARIZATION OF ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM IN THE RABBIT

This experiment was performed on 30 rabbits. The heart rate was paced artificial-ly at a constant speed. AMI of the left ventricle was produced by ligature of LVB for 30 min andMAPs recorded from the bonder zone of ischemia with the bipolar epicardial contact electrodes. Thechief findings showed that MAPD_(50), MAPD_(90) abbreviated obviously and MRR accelerated apparentlyafter AMI while EA could inhibit the abbreviation of MAPD_(50) and MAPD_(90), and delay the accelera-tion of MRR. It suggested that EA might be beneficial to anti-arrhythmia and prevented from sud-denly cardial death. Therefore the result has provided not only a new experimental evidence for an im-portant contribution to coronary heart disease treated with acupuncture but also a new content for therelationship between Neiguan (PC 6) of Pericardium Meridian and the heart.     

INFLUENCE OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE DISCHARGE OF PHA NEURONS IN THE RABBIT

<正> This paper deals with whether the posterior hypothalamus area(PHA) can receive signals from electroacupuncture(EA) at "Neiguan", and whether a relative specificity does exist between acupoints or acupoint and non-acupoint The neuron activity was recorded extracellularly for analyzing the influence of EA at different acupoints and nonacupoint on the discharge of PHA neurons.     

Effect of electroacpuncture of Neiguan(PC 6) and Tianquan(PC 2)on skin temperature,blood perfusion,and adrenoceptor response in rats with acute myocardial ischemia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of acupoints Neiguan(PC 6) and Tianquan(PC 2) on the skin temperature, blood perfusion, and alpha1-and beta2-adrenoreceptor(α1-AR and β2-AR) protein and m RNA level in rats with acute myocardial ischemia.METHODS: Thirty male adult Wistar rats [(230 ±20) g] were randomly assigned into five groups(n = 6 each): a control group, sham operation group, model group, model group treated with EA at low frequency(L-EA, 2 Hz, 1 m A) and model group treated with EA at high frequency(H-EA, 100 Hz, 1 m A). The rat model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Electroacupuncture was performed at the left Neiguan(PC 6) for 20 min daily for 3 d. After the 3 rd time of the treatment, measurements of skin blood perfusion and temperature in Neiguan(PC 6) and Tianquan(PC 2) in all groups were made by laser speckle contrast imaging and infrared thermal image instrument. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to measure m RNA level and protein level of α1-AR andβ2-AR in the skin tissues of Neiguan(PC 6) and Tianquan(PC 2), respectively. Serum levels of c Tn T and electrocardiogram were used to identify the state of myocardium.RESULTS: In the group receiving electroacupunture at Neiguan(PC 6), compared with control group,the skin temperature, blood perfusion, and β2-AR m RNA and protein level of model group significantly decreased(P 0.05), α1-AR m RNA and protein level of model group significantly increased(P 0.05);compared with model group, the skin temperature,blood perfusion, and β2-AR m RNA and protein level of L-EA significantly increased(P 0.05), α1-AR m RNA and protein level of L-EA and H-EA significantly decreased(P 0.05). The same trend has taken place in the former four groups of the Tianquan(PC 2).CONCLUSION: Low-or high-frequency electroacupuncture can improve the skin temperature and blood perfusion which may be induced by decreasingthelevelofα1-ARandincreasingthelevelofβ2-AR of the Neiguan(PC 6) and Tianquan(PC 2) in the rat with acute myocaidial ischemia.     

SUBSTANCE P AT THE LOCAL AREA OF ACUPOINTS MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ACUPUNCTURE EFFECT

Acupoints are the main sites to receive the stimulation of acupuncture, so changes that occur at the acupoints are the initial reaction to needling.According to the neurophysiology, physical stimulation, as well as acupuncture, can cause the excitement of local afferent fibers, activation of relevant cells and release of various chemical substances.Our research team focuses on the interaction of the above-mentioned three factors of the acupoints, and their relationship with the acupuncture effects.In our recent experiment,we used 2 U/kg pituitrin solution to establish the bradycardia model of rabbits, and observed the effects of 2 Hz electroacupuncture(EA) that applied to Neiguan(PC6) and the concentration of substance P(SP) at PC6 in different time periods by radioimmunoassay.Then we injected 1 g/L NK-1 receptor(SP agonist), 1 g/L spantide(SP receptor antagonists) and 0.01 M PBS(50 μl) into PC6 respectively to observe the changes of the therapeutic effects of EA.The results showed that EA can raise the SP concentration at PC6 of the bradycardia rabbits.The therapeutic effects of each group were as follows: agonist group EA group(PBS group) model group antagonists group; no statistical differences were shown between EA group and PBS group.There existed a positive correlation between SPconcentration at PC6 and the heart rate recovery effect.Besides, we recorded the action potential of the T1-2 dorsal horn neurons which are closely related to the peripheral afferent nerves of PC6 before and after acupoint injection of spantide.The results showed that the discharge frequency of dorsal horn neurons was increased by EA and was inhibited by injection of spantide in normal rabbits.The experiment indicates that local SP may be one of the key factors of acupoint reaction, and the concentration or activity of SP may affect the acupuncture effect by changing the action potential coding of afferent nerve system.     

ELECTROACUPUNCTURE PRETREATMENT ALTERS GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSIONS IN RATS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION HEART

Objective: Employing RNA-seq technology to study gene expression profiles in electroacupuncture-pretreated acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion animal model.Methods: Seventy-one male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham-operated(SO) group, model(I/R) group,electroacupuncture(EA) group and EA at non-acupoint(NA)group.The left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) was occluded in the I/R group for 30 min followed by 4 h of reperfusion.In the SO group, the LAD was exposed but not occluded.The EA group was treated by EA at Neiguan(PC6) acupoint for2 weeks before LAD occlusion.The NA group was pretreated by EA at the end point of the trial for 2 weeks.Arrhythmia score,serum enzyme testing, and TTC staining were measured for efficacy evaluation of the treatment.Heart tissues were harvested upon sacrifice of rats and RNA-seq analysis was employed for gene expression profiling.Results: Compared with the I/R group, the survival rate in the EA group was significantly increased(78% and 59%, P0.05),whereas, the survival rate was slightly increased to 67% in the NA group.The arrhythmia score in the EA group was decreased(P0.05); LDH, CK, and CK-Mb in the EA group were significantly decreased(P0.05).Injury area was reduced significantly.RNAseq analysis showed that EA reversed expression levels of genes which were pathologically up- or down-regulated in the I/R rats.These genes are involved in 11-12 pathways.NA treatment also reversed expression levels of genes which were pathologically up- or down-regulated in the I/R rats, including 4-5 pathways.Gene pathway analysis showed that EA pretreatment reduced I/R-induced release of the apoptotic proteins cytochrome c and Endo G from mitochondria and enhanced NF-κB, Bcl2a1 d and Xiap levels.Conclusion: EA pretreatment may reverse numerous ischemiareperfusion-induced pathological gene expressions and therefore protect from myocardial injury.Anti-apoptosis might be one of the underlying potential mechanisms of EA against I/R injury.     

THE EXTENSIVENESS AND SPECIFICITY OF EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT DIFFERENT ACUPOINTS ON NOCICEPTIVE RESPONSE OF CONVERGENT NEURONS IN TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS CAUDALIS

Experiments were carried out on rats anaesthetized with uraethane. The sponta-neous discharges and nociceptive responses of convergent neurons in the right trigerninal nucleus cau-dalis(TNC) to noxious stimuli at receptive field (cheek) were recorded extracellularly with glass mi-cro-electrode. Electroacupuncture (EA ) was applied at bilateral " Xiaguan" (ST 7 on face ) or "Zusanli" (ST 36 on shank) acupoint with Iow (2V) and high (18V) intensity. The noclceptive re-sponse of convergent neurons in TNC could be inhihited by low intensity EA applied at "Xiaguan" butnot "Zusanlil", showing the specificity of acupoints. High intensity EA at either "Xiaguan" or "Zusan-li" also reduced the nociceptive responses, showing the analgesic extensiveness of acupoints. We sug-gest that "the gate of control" mechanism plays a main role in low intensity EA and "diffuse noxiousinhibitory controls" (DNIC) rnechanism does so in high intensity EA.The results suggest that we should pay attention to the location of acupoints,     

Determination of temperature-time curve of two mild moxibustion methods: Reinforcing and reducing

Objective:To observe the specificity of reinforcing and reducing methods of mild moxibustion and explore its clinical significance.Methods:Thirty healthy students were selected and given reinforcing of mild moxibustion on the left Neiguan(PC 6)and reducing on the right Neiguan(PC 6)respectively.Temperature of the acupoint skin surface and the temperature-time curve were recorded by a digital thermometer.Results:In application of mild moxibustion on Neiguan(PC 6),there was a statistical difference in the temperature-increase section between reinforcing and reducing methods(P<0.01).The temperature-increasing section of the temperature-time curve in the reducing method was obviouslysteeper than that in the reinforcing method.In the period of0.5-3 min during moxibustion,the temperature of Neiguan(PC 6)was remarkably higher in the reducing than in the reinforcing(P<0.01).In the application of the reducing,the time for the temperature of Neiguan(PC 6)to increase to 40℃was remarkably advanced(P<0.05)and the rate of burning pain in the subjects was remarkably higher in the reducing method than in the reinforcing method(P<0.001).Conclusion:In comparison with the reinforcing method,the acupoint temperature increased more quickly in the application of reducing method and can produce obvious hot stimulation in a short period of time.In the application of the reinforcing method,the acupoint temperature increased mildly and could enhance the tolerance of the organism to the high temperature.     

THE CO-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEIGUAN POINT AND THE HEART AND REGULATION OF AMYGDALOID NUCLEI

In this present study, the ruodel of the rabbit with acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) was used to explore mechanisms of interrelation hetween Neiguan acupoint (PC 6) of the Peri-cardium Meridian and the heart hy employing physiological and morphologicaI methods. It wasdemonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC 6 ) couId raise the eIectrical excitahility ofischemic myocardium, lessen the dispersity of recovery excitability, correct the disorder of electricalactivity; protect myocardiac glycogen and phosphorylase and alleviate their depletion, increase contentof ribonuclei acid (RNA ), etc., indicating that EA could help oxidative rnetaholism carry out normal-Iy and irnProve nutritional state of the ischemic myocardiurn. The key point of EA action is probablyregulates the coronary microclrculation of heart and reclistributes myocardial blood flow. Studies withalkaline phosphatase (ALP ), Mg_(2-)-ATPase and ABS casting of the Ieft coronary artery showed thatafter EA the number and the Iength of     

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Expressions of Angiogenesis Factors and Anti-angiogenesis Factors in Brain of Experimental Cerebral Ischemic Rats after Reperfusion

Objective： To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture （EA） in improving ischemic stroke. Methods： The Wistar rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was prepared by the thread embolism method. The rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and an EA group. EA was given at bilateral ＂Hegu＂ （LI 4） in rats of the EA group. Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA was detected with hybridization in situ, and expressions of the angiogenin-1 （Ang-1） and endostatin proteins were detected with the immunohistochemical method. Results： As compared with the normal group, the expressions of VEGF mRNA, Ang-1 protein and endostatin protein significantly increased in the model group （all P〈0.05）; and when compared with the model group, the EA group showed even more significant increase in expressions of the VEGF mRNA and Ang-1 protein （both P〈0.05）, but with an obvious decline in the increase of expression of endostatin protein （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： EA can promote angiogenesis in brain of experimental cerebral ischemic rats after reperfusion probably through up-regulating the expression of angiogenesis factors and down-regulating the expression of anti-angiogenesis factors.     

Effects of Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液)Combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection on Cardiac Function and Peripheral Serum Levels of TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IFN-γin Patients with Viral Myocarditis

Objective: To explore effects of Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection on cardiac function and peripheral serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in patients with viral myocarditis.Methods: A total of 70 patients with viral myocarditis admitted in Cardiovascular Medicine Department of our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected and divided into a control group(treated with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection) and an observation group(additionally treated with Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) on the treatment basis of the control group) according to random number method, with 35 cases in each group.Before and after the treatment, cardiac functional indexes like cardiac index(CI), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular shortening fraction(FS), serum levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions occurred in the 2 groups were recorded and compared.Results: Therapeutic effective rate in the observation group was 88.57%, higher than 68.57% in the control group(P < 0.05).After the treatment, cardiac functional indexes like CI, LVEF and FS were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).After the treatment, the serum expression levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 were lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05), while the serum expression level of IFN-γ was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reaction rates between the 2 groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion: The treatment of patients with viral myocarditis by Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection is more effective, reducing inflammation and restoring cardiac function.     

Blood perfusion effect of acupuncture on acute facial paralysis observed by laser speckle technique

Objective： To observe effect of acupuncture for acute facial paralysis patients with ocular skin blood perfusion, and to explore the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute facial paralysis. Methods： Thirty patients with acute facial paralysis were enrolled and acupunctured in facial points and bilateral Hegu （LI 14）, and the PeriCam laser speckle flow video monitoring system was used not only for recording ocular skin blood perfusion condition in both normal and affected sides before acupuncture, at 15 min after acupuncture and after removing needles immediately, but also for calculating reduction ratio of ocular skin average perfusion in the affected side face compared with the healthy side. Results： Compared with the healthy side of face, the ocular skin blood perfusion of the affected side after acupuncture was significantly different from that before intervention. The blood perfusion levels after 1S-minute acupuncture and at the time of remaining needles were significantly different from the basic line （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Acupuncture can significantly improve eve blood perfusion of the acute facial paralysis, enhance metabolic activity of the affected facial tissues, and promote the recovery of facial nerve function.     

Use of laser speckle contrast imaging to reveal changes in temperature and blood perfusion in the skin of healthy subjects after administration of heated moxa sticks and Daiwenjiu ointment

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influence of heated moxa sticks（ ＂moxibustion＂） and Daiwenjiu ointment（DO） on changes in temperature and blood perfusion volume on the skin of the backs of healthy subjects.METHODS： DO was spread on the left side of the body, and the right side of the body was treated with a heated moxa stick. Images denoting blood perfusion and body temperature were collected 7-8 cm lateral to the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra using laser speckle contrast imaging（LSCI）. Data obtained from eight-frame images were analyzed and used to calculate the mean blood perfusion volume. Simultaneously,blood-perfusion images were collected from the body surface and used to compare the change in blood flow on the body surface and the actual position of imaging.RESULTS： After moxibustion, a rapid increase in blood perfusion volume and body temperature was noted in the local skin surface. The maximum blood perfusion volume and body temperature was noted at 20 min（P〈0.05）. At 80-110 min after the spreading of DO, a gradual increase was noted in blood perfusion volume（P〈0.05） and body temperature（P〈0.05） compared with the baseline level. The maximum blood perfusion volume was at 110 min.CONCLUSION： Using LSCI, these data revealed a rapid and sharp increase in blood perfusion volume and body temperature after treatment with moxibustion, but the respective changes seen in the DO group were gradual and moderate.     

Protective Effect of Wenxin Granula on Heart from Myocardial Infarction through Regulating Intracellular Ca2+

Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula,a traditional Chinese formula(consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and Succinum),on heart in ischemic-induced myocardial infarction(MI) rats and compare with those of Amiodarone which have been demonstrated in clinic.Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated(control),MI + Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg.d)](MI),and MI + Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg.d)] groups and left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each group.After left anterior descending for 12 h,standard lead II of administration electrocardiogram was recorded in order to analyze the occurrence of arrhythmia.After one month,the size of the infarct area of heart was evaluated by TTC staining method and haemodynamic function was assessed to detect the heart function.Laser scanning confocal microscope and the technique of patch clamp were used to detect the intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) and L-type calcium current(ICa-L),respectively.Results Both Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg.d)] and Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg.d)] could markedly decrease the incidence of arrhythmia in heart of rats which were subjected to ischemic injury.After one month,Wenxin Granula could significantly decrease mortality to 22.22% and reduce the infarct area(P < 0.05),but Amiodarone did not.The mechanism may involve that Wenxin Granula attenuated [Ca2+]i decreasing in MI rats.Additionally,Wenxin Granula could obviously ameliorate the impaired heart function of MI rats by decreasing the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increasing the attenuated maximum change velocity of left ventricular pressure in the isovolumic contraction or relaxation period.On the other hand,electrophysiological experiment results revealed that Wenxin Granula administration one month later also increased the reduced ICa-L density in rat ventricular myocytes in MI rats.The results of LSCM showed that Wenxin Granula could recover the amplitude of [Ca2+]i decreased by heart failure during long term.Conclusion Wenxin Granula could not only inhibit the incidence of arrhythmia but also decrease the mortality,which was accompanied by recovering the amplitude of [Ca2+]i.This protective effect of Wenxin Granula may partially be mediated through changing ICa-L as well as increasing [Ca2+]i.     

Shen-Zhi-Ling oral solution improves learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease mouse model

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effector mechanisms and effector targets of Shen-Zhi-Ling(SZL)oral solution in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD).METHODS: In this study, we carried out gavage with SZL oral solution in an APP/PS-1 heterozygous double transgenic AD mouse model for 12 continuous weeks.Haematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining and Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining were used to detect the brain histopathology in AD mouse model.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy's proteins.Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability in AD mouse model.RESULTS: Pathological results showed that neuronal loss in the hippocampus of mice in the SZL intervention group was significantly alleviated and the number of apoptotic neurons was significantly decreased compared with the control group(physiological saline and non-intervention groups).Immunofluorescence staining results showed that the expression of autophagy activators, Beclin-1 and LC3 B, was significantly increased in the hippocampal neurons of mice of the SZL intervention group,while the expression of the apoptotic factor, caspase-3, was significantly decreased.At the same time, hippocampal accumulation of Aβ42 protein was significantly decreased.In addition, results of the water maze experiment showed that the latency period in mice from the SZL intervention group was significantly reduced.CONCLUSION: In summary, we believe that the SZL oral solution significantly activates autophagy in hippocampal neurons, effectively reducing the accumulation of Aβ42 peptides, alleviating neuronal injury and apoptosis, and ultimately improving the cognitive function in a mouse model of AD.     

Effect of Medical Qigong Therapy on Distress, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Intensity‑Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Single Arm Clinical Trial

Background: Cancer of Head and Neck (HNC) is the 2nd common cancer in India leading to around 8% of the global cancer mortality. Intensity?modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is advanced method minimizing exposure of radiation to adjacent normal structures but is associated with higher fatigue indirectly elevating distresslevels. Medical Qigong (MQ), a meditative mind therapy has numerous health benefits. The purpose of the current study was to investigate effect of MQ therapy on distress, fatigue, and quality of life in HNC patients undergoing IMRT. Materials and Methods: This experimentalstudy was conducted on 16 Hospitalized HNC subjects undergoing IMRT aged 18–65 years. All the subjects performed Qigong Walk Cycle for 5 weekdays for 4 weeks from initiation of IMRT. Scores of Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), 6 min walk distance (6MWD), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-HN) were documented at the baseline and at end of 4th week and compared. Results: IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0; Indian version of Windows was used for statistical analysis. The 16 HNC subjects majorly rural residents (62.5%) of mean age group 47.68 ± 10.25 years with tobacco chewing as prevalent habit (94%) with maximum cases recorded in stage III of the disease. The pre and post test score comparison of serum cortisol, BFI and 6MWD found high statistical significance with P = 0.001 while that of the total and all components of FACT HN was found to be significant with P ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: MQ therapy was effective in managing the levels of distress and fatigue thereby improving quality of life of all HNC subjects.     

Protection of Effective Component Group from Xiaoshuan Tongluo on Brain Injury after Chronic Hypoperfusion in Rats

Objective To investigate the protective effects of purified effective component group in extract from Xiaoshuan Tongluo(CGXT) formula on chronic brain ischemia in rats.Methods CGXT 75,150,and 300 mg/kg or vehicle were ig administered daily for four weeks to rats with bilateral common carotid arteries ligation(BCCAL) .From the day 24 to 28 after BCCAL,Morris water maze was performed to assess the learning and memory impairment of rats.Four weeks after BCCAL,brain gray and white matter damage were assessed.Results In Morris test,the mean escape latency of rats in the CGXT(150 and 300 mg/kg) groups was significantly shorter than that in the vehicle group.CGXT also attenuated the neuronal damage in hippocampus and cortex and reduced the pathological damage in the optic tract and corpus callosum.Conclusion CGXT could improve learning and memory impairment resulted from BCCAL in rats.These results provide the experimental basis for the clinical use of CGXT in stroke treatment and may help in investigation of multimodal therapy strategies in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases including stroke.     

SEGMENTAL DISTRIBUTION OF AFFERENT ELECTROACUPUNCTURE SIGNALS FROM ACUPOINTS OF THE PERICARDIUM MERIDIAN IN THE RAT

Objective: To observe the segmental distribution of afferent electroacupuncture (EA) signals from acupoints of the Pericardium (PC) Meridian and try to analyze the relative specificity of running route of PC Meridian. Methods, A total of 85 Wistar rats anesthetized with mixed solution of Chloralose (5 mg/100 g) and Urethane (42mg/100g) were used in this study. Under microscopic observation, the micro-filaments of the distal end of the dorsal root were carefully separated after tearing the spinal pia mater to attach to a recording electrode. The reference electrode was placed beneath the skin of the incision. Two caudal and two rostral dorsal roots near the recorded one were cut off separately. Electrical activity of the isolated micro-filaments was observed before and after EA of “Daling“(PC 7)-“Jianshi“ (PC 5), “Quze“ (PC 3) of PC Meridian, “Yangchr“(TE 4)-“Zhigou“ (TE 6), “Tianjing“ (TE 10)-“Qinglengyuan“ (TE 11) of the Triple Energizer (TE) Meridian with electric current 1 mA and 2 mA and double pulses. Resuits: ① After EA (1 mA) of “Daling“ (PC 7)-“Jianshi“ (PC 5), the firing rates of 3 out of 10 (33.3%) micro-fila-ments in 05 segment, 5 out of 10 (50.0%) in C6, 7 out of 10 (70.0%) in C7, 3 out of 10 (30.0%) in C8 and 3 out of 13 (23.1% ) in T1 increased considerably; and after EA of “Quze“ (PC 3), those of 3/10 of C5, 4/10 of C6, 6/10 of C7, 3/10 of C8 and 3/10 of T1 increased significantly. ② After EA (1 mA) of “Yangchr“(TE 4) -“Zhigou“ (TE 6) and “Tianjing“ (TE 10)-“Qinglengyuan“ (TE 11), the firing rates of 2/10, 2/10 of micro-filaments In Cs, 7/10, 3/10 of C6, 5/10 and 4/10 of C7, 1/10 and 1/10 of C8, and 2/13 and 1/10 of T1 increased significantly. It indicates that C7 dorsal root may play the first important role in conveying EA signals from PC Meridian acupoints to the spinal cord, while C6 and C7 may be mainly responsible for conveying EA signals from TE Meridian acupoints to the spinal cord. Conclusion: The peripheral afferent pathway for transmitting EA signals from PC Meridian acupoints probably has a relative specificity.     

THE APPLICATION OF ELECTROGASTROGRAM TO TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

In this paper Electrogastrogram (EOG) was recorded in 40 normal subjects and100 patients suffered from gastroduodenal diseases. In 40 normal subjects, the average of amplitudeand frequency of EGG were 150-180 μV and 3 cycles/min respectively before eating, but after eatingthe amplitude was about 236.2 μV and the frequency was about 3.21 cycles/rain. EGG diagnosis of100 patients with gastralgia was conformed to the gastroscopic diagnosis, with the rate 84%. The re-lations between effects of acupuncture and Qigong, the PSC and the differentiation of syndromes ofTCM and EGG were explored.