中国0～18岁儿童、青少年体块指数的生长曲线

目的 研究制定0～18岁中国儿童的体块指数(BMI)生长参照值及生长曲线.方法 根据"2005年中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"及"2005年中国学生体质与健康调研"所获得的资料,采用九省市93 702名0～19岁(差1天未满19岁)城区健康儿童青少年的身高(3岁以下测量身长)、体重测量数据,计算BMI值并应用LMS方法对数据进行拟合修匀,通过L、M、S三个参数计算产生所需要的百分位和标准差单位(Z分值)数值并绘制相应的曲线图.采用与中国成人BMI界值点接轨的方法探讨中国儿童超重肥胖的筛查界值点.结果 制定出0～18岁儿童的BMI百分位数及标准差单位生长参照值及曲线图,并计算出了筛查2～18岁儿童超重肥胖的参考界值点.本参照曲线与世界卫生组织(WHO)BMI曲线及美国疾病预防控制中心2000年(CDC2000)曲线进行比较,三者之间存在明显的差异,尤其是在青春期、第97百分位(P97)上.总体上中国男童BMI在p97处于三者之间,而女童最低.与日本比较,在P97也有明显差异.结论 使用BMI生长曲线图有利于儿童青少年的生长与营养监测,早期识别童的超重和肥胖,建议在临床工作及预防保健服务领域推广使用.     

中国不同出生胎龄新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的参照标准及生长曲线

目的:制定中国出生胎龄24~42周新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的参照标准及生长曲线,为新生儿出生时身体比例及营养状况评价提供参考依据。方法:横断面研究,于2015年6月至2018年11月在北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、广州、福州、昆明等13个城市调查出生胎龄24~42周单胎活产新生儿24375名,排除了影响参照标准建立的母亲和新生儿因素。采用基于位置、尺度、形状的广义可加模型构建出生胎龄24~42周男、女新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的百分位数(P 3、P 10、P 25、P 50、P 75、P 90、P 97)参照值及生长曲线。将研制的参照标准与我国1988年数值、INTERGROWTH项目及美国相关参照值进行比较。结果:24375名新生儿中早产儿12264名(男7042名、女5222名),足月儿12111名(男6155名、女5956名)。研制出出生胎龄24~42周男、女新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数百分位数生长参照值及生长曲线。男新生儿体重身长比在不同出生胎龄P 10、P 50、P 90上比女新生儿高0~0.2 kg/m,男新生儿体质指数在不同出生胎龄P 10、P 50、P 90上比女新生儿高0.1~0.3 kg/m²。体重身长比和体质指数曲线在高百分位数上、重量指数曲线在高、低百分位数上与我国1988年数值均有较大差异,如体重身长比、体质指数、重量指数与我国1988年数值在P 90上的差值范围分别为-1.09~0.40 kg/m、-1.19~0.92 kg/m²、-0.64~0.81 kg/m³。体重身长比曲线与INTERGROWTH项目参照值有较好的一致性,在P 50上的差值范围-0.17~0.20 kg/m,出生胎龄≤32周时在P 90上低0.02~0.40 kg/m、在P 10上高0.13~0.41 kg/m。体质指数曲线与美国参照值差异较为明显,在P 50上的差值范围-0.47~0.17 kg/m²,出生胎龄≥37周时在P 90上低0.53~1.10 kg/m²但≤28周时高0.17~0.45 kg/m²。结论:建立中国出生胎龄24~42周新生儿不同性别的体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的标准化参照值,可供临床及相关科研工作参照使用。     

Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of duration, timing and type of television (TV) viewing at age 5 years on body mass index (BMI) in adult life. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: 1970 British Birth Cohort, followed up at 5 (N=13,135), 10 (N=14,875), and 30 years (N=11,261). OUTCOME MEASURES: Weekday and weekend TV viewing at 5 years, type of programs, and maternal attitudes toward TV at age 5 years. BMI z-score at 10 and 30 years. RESULTS: Mean daily hours of TV viewed at weekends predicted higher BMI z-score at 30 years (coefficient=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, P=.01) when adjusted for TV viewing and activity level at 10 years, sex, socioeconomic status, parental BMIs, and birth weight. Each additional hour of TV watched on weekends at 5 years increased risk of adult obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m2) by 7% (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13, P=.02). Weekday viewing, type of program and maternal attitudes to TV at 5 years were not independently associated with adult BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS: Weekend TV viewing in early childhood continues to influence BMI in adulthood. Interventions to influence obesity by reducing sedentary behaviors must begin in early childhood. Interventions focusing on weekend TV viewing may be particularly effective.     

中国七岁以下儿童身长/身高的体重和体块指数的生长标准值及标准化生长曲线

目的 制定中国7岁以下儿童身长/身高的体重、体块指数(BMI)的生长标准值及标准化生长曲线.方法 选择"2005年九市儿童体格发育调查"中69 622名城区7岁以下儿童的身长/身高、体重测量值,采用LMS法分别建立身长的体重和BMI模型.将3岁后身高加上0.7 cm与身长对接,构建统一身长的体重LMS模型,数据拟合后可将身长减去0.7 cm转化为身高的体蕈.BMI采取"身长BMI"和"身高BMI"分别独立拟合的方法,将身高加上0.7 cm计算"身长BMI",在整个年龄段拟合"身长BMI"LMS模型,类似地可建立"身高BMI"模型.曲线的拟合效果评价采用拟合优度X2检验.结果 制定出中国儿童45～105 cm身长的体重、65～125 cm身高的体重、0～3岁年龄的BMI(由身长计算)、2～7岁年龄的BMI(由身高计算)的按百分位数及标准差单位的生长标准值及标准化生长曲线图.该参照标准总体上略高于世界卫生组织新标准,而略低于美国疾控中心2000年修订标准(CDC2000).结论 本研究制定的身长/身高的体重及BMI标准具有国家代表性,可在全国范围内用于儿童生长监测与营养评估.     

儿童体重指数与肠道菌群多样性的关联性研究

目的 对儿童体重指数(body mass index,BMI)与肠道菌群多样性的关联性进行初步探讨.方法 采用横断面调查方法,从2018年7月1日至7日在广东省茂名市共招募87名儿童,平均年龄(11±2)岁.以世界卫生组织2006年发布的儿童体格生长指标百分位数参考值为标准,将研究对象分成偏瘦、正常、超重以及肥胖4个组...     

Physical activity level and body mass index among schoolchildren in south-eastern Sweden

AIM: The aims of this study were to identify current levels of physical activity and to study the relationship between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) using international cut-off points. METHODS: 871 children, aged 7-14 y, were measured for height and weight and the activity levels were analysed using pedometers to measure mean step counts for 4 consecutive days. RESULTS: Step counts were significantly higher in boys than in girls, and showed stability over age and large in-group differences. BMI showed that 13.2% of the boys and 14.5% of the girls were overweight and 4.5% of both boys and girls were obese. Analysis of step counts and BMIs for boys and girls revealed no significant correlations in any age group. CONCLUSION: Pedometers differentiate among age groups and gender concerning physical activity and facilitate individual goal-setting. The result of this study provide baseline information, useful as reference data, on youth physical activity as daily step counts, as well as on youth BMI levels according to new international cut-off points.     

妇女孕前体重指数对晚期早产儿不良结局的影响

目的探讨妇女孕前体重指数(BMI)与晚期早产儿(LPI)不良结局的关系。方法选择2011年1月至2015年12月的367例住院LPI为研究对象。分析母亲孕前BMI水平的相关因素,以及与LPI不良结局(1 min Apgar评分≤7分、产房复苏、住院天数7 d以及呼吸机通气时间≥6 h)的关系。结果母亲孕前BMI降低、正常、增高的分别有64例(17.4%)、243例(66.2%)以及60例(16.4%)。母亲孕前BMI降低是LPI 1 min Apgar评分≤7分(OR=3.243,95%CI:1.102~9.546)和需要产房复苏(OR=3.492,95%CI:1.090~11.190)的危险因素,孕前高BMI是LPI住院时间7 d(OR=1.992,95%CI:1.024~3.874)的危险因素。结论妇女孕前BMI对LPI结局产生影响,建议妇女孕前控制BMI水平在正常范围内,减少LPI不良结局发生。     

不同体重指数的哮喘患儿规范化激素治疗后肺功能变化

目的：研究不同体重指数（BMI）的哮喘患儿经吸入糖皮质激素（ICS）治疗后肺功能的改善情况。方法：157例哮喘患儿根据BMI分为肥胖组（46例）、超重组（50例）和体重正常组（61例）,检测所有患儿治疗前及规范化ICS治疗1年后,大气道通气功能指标1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）及小气道通气功能指标用力呼气25%流量（MEF25）、用力呼气50%流量（MEF50）。结果：治疗前各组患儿行肺功能激发试验,雾化吸入乙酰甲胆碱后肥胖组FVC%、FEV1%、MEF25%及MEF50%下降率均明显高于体重正常组（均P<0.01）;雾化吸入沙丁胺醇后肥胖组FEV1%、MEF25%和MEF50%以及超重组MEF25%和MEF50%改善率均明显低于体重正常组（均P<0.05）。ICS治疗1年后,与治疗前相比,体重正常组FVC%、FEV1%均明显升高,而肥胖组和超重组仅FVC%升高。结论：肥胖能够增加哮喘患儿对乙酰甲胆碱敏感性,而抑制对沙丁胺醇反应性;规律ICS治疗能改善正常体重哮喘患儿大气道通气功能,对小气道通气功能影响较小;肥胖能够抑制ICS对哮喘患儿肺功能的改善作用。     

哮喘患儿体重指数与血清炎性因子水平对哮喘控制的影响

目的探讨哮喘患儿体重指数(BMI)及血清炎性因子水平对哮喘控制的影响。方法依据BMI结果将2013年1月至2014年5月收治的116例哮喘患儿分为正常组(n=59)、消瘦组(n=31)与肥胖组(n=26),ELISA法检测各组患儿白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,免疫比浊法检测各组高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。治疗4周后采用儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评价各组患儿哮喘控制情况。结果 IL-6、hs-CRP及TNF-α在正常组、消瘦组及肥胖组水平依次增加(P0.05),C-ACT评分在正常组、消瘦组及肥胖组逐渐降低(P0.05);正常组完全控制率、部分控制率与未控制率均显著优于消瘦组与肥胖组(P0.05),但消瘦组与肥胖组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);IL-6、hs-CRP及TNF-α与C-ACT评分均呈负相关(P0.05),C-ACT评分、IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α与BMI均无相关性(P0.05)。结论 BMI过高或过低时,血清炎性因子水平均升高,不利于哮喘控制,哮喘患儿维持正常体重有利于降低血清炎性因子水平,提高哮喘控制率。     

Development of growth and body mass index after pediatric renal transplantation

Suboptimal final height and marked weight gain after renal transplantation (RTx) are common and may result in obesity. Steroid free immunosuppression has been advocated to improve growth and limit weight gain. We evaluated retrospectively the evolution of growth and body mass index (BMI) after renal transplantation to study risk factors for weight gain under steroid based treatment. Sixty-four pediatric patients (age 9.9 +/- 5.0 yr) were included in the study. To allow comparison between different age groups, standard deviation scores (SDS) for height and BMI for height age were calculated at time of transplantation and 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months later. Induction immunosuppression consisted of basiliximab, cyclosporine and prednisone. Growth retardation at time of RTx was obvious with a SDS for height of -2.20 +/- 1.34. Height during the first year improved to an SDS of -2.0 +/- 1.27 (p < 0.01) but did further not increase in year 2 and 3. More than 40% of all patients remained 2 SDS below normal mean. SDS BMI for height age at transplantation was -0.19 +/- 0.98 and increased significantly during the first 3 months after transplantation to +0.64 +/- 1.07 (p < 0.01). Thereafter, BMI remained stable but did not decline to pretransplant values. A SDS BMI for height age of more than 2 SDS was observed in 2, 6, 9 and 11% of children at RTx and 1, 2 and 3 yr later respectively. BMI gain over 3 yr was significantly enhanced in children whose parents (especially the mother) were overweight. No influence of gender, BMI at RTx, dialysis modality prior to RTx or rejection episodes could be detected. We conclude that after RTx children exhibit some improvement in growth but height remains suboptimal. The BMI does increase significantly during the first months after RTx and does not return to baseline values under steroid-based immunosuppression. Obesity (>2 SDS above normal) does not occur more often than in the normal population. The most predictive parameter of inappropriate weight gain during 3 yr is the BMI of the mother. We would speculate that steroids may play a major role in weight gain in the early phase after RTx. However, genetic or environmental factors predict the long-term weight development.     

Annual increase in body mass index in children with asthma on higher doses of inhaled steroids

There is a greater annual increase in body mass index in children with asthma receiving inhaled steroids at a dose > or =400 microg/day (0.5 kg/m2/year; n=100) compared with those receiving < or =200 microg/day (0.1 kg/m2/year; n=98) (P=.0003). This is consistent with an annual increase in body fat in children with asthma receiving > or =400 microg/day of inhaled steroids.     

儿童直立倾斜试验血流动力学变化与身高、体重及体质量指数的关系

目的 探讨儿童直立倾斜试验（HUTT）血流动力学变化与身高、体重及体质量指数（BMI）的关系.方法 收集2000年1月至2012年8月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科 门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥、头痛、头晕、胸闷、叹气等儿童1 906例,男964例,女942例,年龄2.00 ～ 17.92岁,平均10.84±2.97）岁.测量身高、体重,计算BMI.在取得受试者或监护人书面知情同意后,进行HUTT.根据HUTT结果及反应类犁分HUTT阴性组、体位性心动过速综合征（POTS）组、血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）血管抑制型组、VVS心脏抑制型组、VVS混合型组.结果 与HUTT阴性组相比,年龄在POTS组、VVS血管抑制型组、VVS混合型组较大（P＜0.05）,身高、体重、体表面积在POTS组、VVS血管抑制型组、VVS混合型组增加（P＜0.01）.与POTS组相比,体重、体表面积在VVS血管抑制型组、VVS混合型组降低（P＜0.05）,VVS心脏抑制型组与其他各组比较差异未见统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 儿童HUTT血流动力学变化与身高、体重及BMI存在一定关系.     

Prevalence trends of obesity and overweight among 10-year-old children in western Sweden and relationship with parental body mass index

AIM: To determine the regional prevalence, secular and family-related trends of obesity and overweight among 10-y-old children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 10-y-old children, born in 1990, was performed during September 2000 to June 2001 at school health centres in three communities in the western part of Sweden. Evaluation was performed in 6311 children, or 81% of the target population. Data from a cohort of children, born in 1974, who form the national growth charts, were available for comparison. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 17.9 kg/m2 in 10-y-old children born in 1990 and 17.0 kg/m2 for 10-y-olds born in 1974 (p < 0.0001). Of the 10-y-old children in 2000-2001, born in 1990, 18% were overweight and 2.9 % obese, which corresponds to a twofold increase in presence of overweight and a fourfold increase in presence of obesity among 10-y-old children from 1984 to 2000. There was a significant correlation between parental and child body mass index. The prevalence of obesity and being overweight appeared to be higher in children whose parents did not participate in the study. CONCLUSION: During a 16-y period, from 1984 to 2000, a twofold increase in being overweight and a fourfold increase in obesity were seen among 10-y-old children in the western part of Sweden. Parental ponderosity or reluctance to participate in the study was related to a higher prevalence of being overweight or obese in the children. There is a need for the healthcare system to recognize the threats to the health of the population of this new "epidemic" and initiate preventive measures and treatment programmes.