循肝中静脉精准半肝切除疗效的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨循肝中静脉精准半肝切除术的疗效及术前肝静脉评估的应用价值.方法 前瞻性非随机对照分析2007年10月至2009年9月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的68例行半肝切除术患者的临床资料.其中循肝中静脉的精准半肝切除术30例(精准组),传统解剖性半肝切除术38例(传统组).术前对精准组患者肝静脉进行评估分型.比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、肝功能、并发症发生率、住院时间等指标.计量资料采用t检验或秩和检验,计数资料采用x2和Fisher确切概率法进行分析.结果 精准组术前肝静脉评估Nakamura分型:Ⅰ型57%(17/30)、Ⅱ型27%(8/30)、Ⅲ型16%(5/30);Kawasaki分型:Ⅰ型37%(11/30)、Ⅱ型63%(19/30);保留肝中静脉右半肝切除13例、左半肝切除15例;不保留肝中静脉左半肝及右半肝切除各1例.精准组术中出血量、输血量、术后第3天ALT、TBil、胆碱酯酶、总住院时间、术后住院时间与传统组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.07,0.92,0.07,0.21,0.63,0.63,0.75,P＞0.05).精准组和传统组患者手术时间、术后第3天Alb、并发症发生率分别为(342±113)min、(35±3)g/L、40%(12/30)和(270±73)min、(33±3)g/L、66%(25/38),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.79,2.19,x2=4.49,P＜0.05).精准组和传统组肿瘤标本切缘阳性率分别为5%(1/19)和35%(8/23),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 术前通过肝静脉评估和分型,术中循肝中静脉的精准半肝切除可最大限度保留有完整静脉回流的功能性肝脏组织,保证合适的切缘,降低术后并发症发生率.     

Chirurgische Technik der laparoskopischen Hemihepatektomie rechts

Introduction

This study compared the technical aspects and results for two different techniques of total laparoscopic anatomical right hemihepatectomy.

Patients and methods

From September 2010 to February 2013 a total of 16 patients underwent total laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy at the University Hospital of Freiburg. Of the patients 8 received an intraglissonian approach (IGA) and the other 8 patients an extraglissonian approach (EGA). In the patients of the IGA group, vascular inflow control of the right liver was accomplished by dissection and dividing the right hepatic artery, the right portal vein and the right bile duct separately before parenchymal dissection. In contrast, vascular control for patients in the EGA group was performed by enclosure and transsection of the whole right pedicle using a vascular linear stapler.

Results

Indications for right hemihepatectomy were benign tumors in 2 and malignancies in 14 cases. The average maximum tumor diameter was 5.5 cm (range 1.5–10.0 cm). Adequate tumor-free surgical margins (R0) were confirmed in all patients with malignancies. The perioperative mortality rate was 0?%, surgical complications according to Clavien’s classification were grade I (n?=?1 trocar site superficial wound infection), grade II (n?=?2 cholangitis) and grade IIIb (n?=?1 wound dehiscence after conversion to open procedure). The median operating time was 366 min (range 265–422 min) and 313 min (range 247–417 min) in the IGA and EGA groups, respectively. Conversion from laparoscopic to open minimal access procedure was necessary in three patients in the IGA group and two patients in the EGA group. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 644 ml (200–1000 ml) and 518 ml (200–1500 ml) in the IGA and EGA groups, respectively. Transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells was necessary for one patient in group EGA. No patient in either group needed a Pringle maneuver. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 11 days (range 7–23 days) and 13 days (range 7–31 days) in the IGA and EGA groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Total laparoscopic anatomical right hemihepatectomy is a feasible procedure. The extraglissonian technique can provide shorter operating times by correctly facilitating vascular control of the right liver.     

Stellenwert einer präoperativen Klassifikation erwarteter intraoperativer Schwierigkeiten

Background

This study examined the validity of the classification of intraoperative difficulties and its usefulness in surgical practice.

Material and methods

Data on general surgical patients were collected in four German hospitals within a multicentre validation study. Before and immediately after surgery, the operating surgeon rated the relative difficulty of the operation using a score of 1 (easy), 2 (not easy), 3 (difficult) and 4 (very difficult). Data on the duration of surgery and on the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications were collected. Multivariate regression models were constructed to examine whether different clinical variables and the surgeon’s preoperative assessment of surgical difficulty increased the power of the prognostic model. The R² statistics, which describe explained variance (EV) as a percentage was used to compare regression models.

Results

From July 2010 to August 2011 overall 500 patients were analyzed. Most patients were classified as being ideal (30?%) or relatively ideal (49?%) candidates for surgery. Preoperative and postoperative classification results were identical in 64?% of patients and were partly determined by classical risk factors (ASA score, number of previous surgeries, type of surgery, body mass index and gender). The addition of the surgeon’s risk estimation to the multivariate models improved the prediction of duration of surgery (from 41.4% to 45.5?% EV), complications (from 22.5% to 24.5?% EV) and length of stay (from 32.6% to 34.5?% EV).

Conclusions

The classification of intraoperative difficulty can be applicable in surgical daily practice in terms of surgical decision-making in difficult intraoperative situations as well as in operating room management. It could also be useful for other surgical disciplines.     

Laparoscopic liver resection and the learning curve: a 14-year,single-center experience

Background

Laparoscopic liver resection has not been widely used because of intraoperative bleeding. This problem should be solved with instruments and techniques that require a short learning curve.

Materials and methods

The aim of this work was to present the technique used in our center to perform laparoscopic liver resection using the ‘curettage and aspiration’ technique with laparoscopic Peng’s multifunctional operational dissectors and regional occlusion of inflow and outflow. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent a laparoscopic liver resection from August 1998 to August 2012, and collected the conversion rate, operating time, blood loss, hospitalization, bile leakage rate, bleeding rate, and other complications on a yearly basis and in total. We used SPSS software to analyze whether there was a significant difference, and summarized the learning curve of laparoscopic liver resection with various procedures.

Results

We performed 365 cases of laparoscopic liver resection, including left hemihepatectomy, left lateral lobectomy, segmental hepatectomy, non-anatomic liver resection, right hemihepatectomy, and caudate lobectomy. The diseases included liver cancer, hepatolithiasis, liver hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, liver abscess, and metastatic hepatic carcinoma. In total, 63 cases (17.20 %) were converted to open surgery because of severe adhesions, bleeding, or anatomical limitation. Mean blood loss was 370.6 ± 404.0 ml; mean operating time was 150.8 ± 73.0 min; and mean postoperation hospitalization was 9.2 ± 5.3 days. There were four cases (1.32 %) with the complication of bile leakage and two cases of hemorrhage (0.66 %). No intraoperative or postoperative deaths occurred. After finishing 15–30, 43, 35, and 28 cases of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy, left lateral hepatectomy, non-anatomic liver resection, and segmentectomy, respectively, the average operating time, blood loss, and hospitalization were almost the same as the overall mean results.

Conclusion

The technique used in our center is a safe, fast, and effective approach to laparoscopic liver resection. Our 14 years of experience demonstrates that this technique can prevent postoperative bleeding and bile leakage. A surgeon can master the skill of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy, left lateral hepatectomy, non-anatomic liver resection, and segmentectomy after ～15–30, 43, 35, and 28 case procedures, respectively.     

Upper Transversal Hepatectomy

Background

For tumors involving hepatic veins (HV) at hepato-caval confluence (HC), major hepatectomy or vascular reconstruction, are recommended. Detection of communicating veins (CV) between adjacent HVs allows conservative hepatectomies.

Methods

A 61 year-old man was operated for multiple colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The 2 main CLM (14 and 3.5?cm in size) were adjacent, separated by the middle HV (MHV) at HC, and involved segments 1(paracaval portion), 7, and 8, and segments 4-superior(S4sup) and 1(paracaval portion), respectively. At HC the larger CLM invaded the right HV (RHV), and the smaller was in contact with the left HV (LHV). A thick inferior RHV (IRHV), and 2 CVs connecting IRHV-MHV and MHV-LHV, were evident.

Results

After J-shaped thoracophrenolaparotomy, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) confirmed the CVs. Liver was detached from the inferior vena cava preserving the IRHV: RHV was divided, and common trunk of MHV-LHV was taped, and, once clamped, hepato-petal flow in S4inf, S5, and S6 portal branches was confirmed at IOUS. Upper-transverse IOUS-guided resection, comprehensive of S7, S8, S4sup, and S1 (paracaval portion) with preservation of the CVs was performed. MHV at HC was divided once detachment of the LHV from the tumor was ultimate. No congestive areas remained. No postoperative mortality and major morbidity occurred: patient was discharge on 17th postoperative day, and is disease-free at 7 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Detection of CVs between adjacent HVs enables new conservative hepatectomies for tumors at HC. The herein described upper transversal hepatectomy despite two HVs are resected, allows adequate liver outflow and remaining functional liver parenchyma.     

Conservative Hepatectomy for Tumors Involving the Middle Hepatic Vein and Segment 1: The Liver Tunnel

Background

For lesions invading the middle hepatic vein (MHV) at caval confluence (CC) the mini-mesohepatectomy(MMH) was proposed.1 If the lesion is extended to the paracaval portion of segment 1(S1) in contact or invading the MHV a new procedure is proposed.

Methods

Case-1: mass forming cholangiocarcinoma (MFCCC) 4cm in size invading the MHV and in contact with right (RHV) and left hepatic vein (LHV) at the CC. In Case-2, two colorectal liver metastases (CLM) both 2cm in size occupied S1 (T1) and S8 (T2): T1 was located between RHV and the inferior vena cava (IVC), T2 was in contact with MHV at CC. According to tumor-vessel intraoperative-ultrasound classification2 and color-flow analysis3 parenchyma-sparing procedure was performed.

Results

In Case-1 a communicating vein (CV) between RHV and MHV was detected at color-flow-IOUS. Contacts between MFCCC with RHV and LHV were confirmed at IOUS as detachable. In Case-2 contact between T1 with MHV was confirmed at IOUS as detachable. Liver-tunnel with IVC and main portal vein bifurcation exposure was performed resecting the MHV in Case-1 and preserving it in Case-2. Both patients had ad an uneventful postoperative course and were discharged on the 8th postoperative day.

Conclusion

For tumors involving S1, S4s and/or S8 and infiltrating or in contact with the MHV at the CC, can be removed in a conservative manner by means of the herein described ‘‘Liver Tunnel’’ approach. The latter introduces a further step in favour of parenchyma-sparing policy for centrally located lesions with complex tumor-vessel relationship.     

全程显露肝中静脉的精准半肝切除治疗区域性肝胆管结石临床疗效与经验

目的:探讨严格以肝中静脉为引导的精准性半肝切除治疗区域性肝胆管结石的临床疗效与经验。方法:回顾性分析香港大学深圳医院肝胆胰外科2015年7月至2019年7月采用半肝切除术治疗区域性肝胆管结石47例患者资料,其中男性15例,女性32例,年龄(42±15)岁。全程显露并保留肝中静脉纳入精准手术组( n＝26),...     

Venous Thromboembolism After Hepatic Resection: Analysis of 5,706 Patients

Objective

The routine use of venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis after hepatic surgery remains controversial due to the relatively low incidence of this complication and the significant risk of perioperative bleeding. The objective of our analysis was to identify perioperative predictors of postoperative VTE in patients undergoing resection.

Methods

All patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant User File from 2005 to 2009 who underwent hepatic resection were included for analysis. Forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine perioperative variables that are significantly associated with VTE after hepatic surgery.

Results

The overall incidence of VTE after hepatic resection was 2.9?%. Significant predictors of VTE after hepatic resection included preoperative mechanical ventilation, male gender, operative time?>?3?h, age????70?years, intraoperative transfusion, and extended hepatectomy. Several non-VTE postoperative complications were also associated with subsequent VTE, including prolonged mechanical ventilation, need for early reoperation, and postoperative bleeding.

Conclusions

Many perioperative factors, including extended hepatectomy as well as several postoperative non-VTE complications, are associated with an increased risk of VTE after hepatic resection. Knowledge of these factors may assist surgeons in deciding which patients merit more aggressive prophylaxis against this complication.     

Arantius’ Ligament Approach to Middle Hepatic Vein in Laparoscopic Extended Medial Segmentectomy (with Video)

Background

Under laparoscopy-specific caudal and lateral view, Aranitius’ ligament could be the landmark for the root of the venous trunks in the left hepatic lobe.1,2,3 We performed laparoscopic hepatic extended medial segmentectomy including the middle hepatic vein (MHV) using the Arantius’ approach.

Methods

An 86-year-old man was referred to our hospital for hepatocellular carcinoma, 4.5 cm in size, located in the medial hepatic segment (Video 1). After pneumoperitoneum and placement of four working ports, the Arantius’ ligament was exposed, isolated, and divided. The liver parenchyma underneath the Arantius’ ligament was opened to widely expose the root of the MHV, umbilical fissure vein (UFV), and left hepatic vein (LHV). After dividing the Glissonean branches for segment 4 (G4), the parenchymal tissue between MHV and LHV was divided. The trunk of the MHV was fully exposed and was divided using the endo-stapling device. Parenchymal resection was further proceeded along the dorsal side of the MHV, and the planned hepatectomy was completed.

Results

The operation time was 337 min, and the estimated blood loss was 400 g. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on postoperative day 10.

Conclusions

The significance of Arantius’ ligament approach is short-cut exposure of the MHV as the anatomical landmark during the initial process of the surgery under laparoscopy-specific caudal and lateral view, and is a reasonable technique in extended medial segmentectomy including the MHV.

     

Safety and efficacy of early postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy with restriction of transfusions in patients with HCC who have undergone partial hepatectomy

Background

Recent studies have shown that intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusions promote postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a specific method of oxygen administration, which is independent of fluid therapy or blood transfusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of acute HBOT after liver resection for patients with HCC in order to minimize the requirement for perioperative blood transfusions.

Patients and methods

Forty-one consecutive patients who showed Hb level < 9.0?mg/dl at the end of hepatic resection were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 21) or an HBOT group (n = 20). HBOT at 2.0?atm. with inhalation of 100% oxygen for a duration of 60?min was performed at 3, 24, and/or 48?h after the end of the hepatectomy. Regarding postoperative hepatic hemodynamics, liver function tests, and outcome data, prospective comparisons were completed in both groups. The two groups of patients were similar with respect to results from preoperative assessments.

Results

In six patients from the HBOT group, who experienced intraoperative major bleeding or showed fatal hepatic hypoxia (ShvO₂ < 50%), the levels of ShvO₂ and serum lactate were significantly improved after HBOT. When compared to the control group, the HBOT group showed better changes of ShvO₂, serum lactate, and bilirubin levels for the first 3 postoperative days following surgery. Additionally, the HBOT group did not experience any fatal complications and had a lower incidence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia than the control group. We also observed that postoperative NK cell activity and cancer-free survival in the HBOT group tended to be better than in the control group, although the differences did not reach significance.

Conclusion

These results suggest that acute HBOT after hepatectomy, aimed at reducing perioperative erythrocyte transfusions, may be employed for overcoming deficiencies in systemic and hepatic oxygen supply and thus diminishing postoperative complications. As an added benefit, such therapy may affect postoperative immunological responses and long-term survival after liver resection in HCC patients. Further analyses of the use of HBOT is warranted to confirm surgical outcome data and to assess the economic impact on healthcare costs.     

Reliability and consequences of intraoperative 3D imaging to control positions of thoracic pedicle screws

Introduction

The insertion of thoracic pedicle screws (T1–T10) is subject to a relevant rate of malplacement. The optimum implantation procedure is still a topic of controversial debate. Currently, a postoperative computed tomography is required to evaluate the screw positions. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether intraoperative 3D imaging is a reliable method of determining the position of thoracic pedicle screws.

Methods

This prospective study involved 40 consecutive patients with thoracic spinal injuries, with intraoperative 3D scans being performed to determine the positions of 240 pedicle screws in T1–T10. The results of the 3D scans were compared with the findings of postoperative CT scans, using a clinical classification system.

Results

The positions of 204 pedicle screws could be viewed by means of both 3D and CT scans and the results compared. The 3D scans achieved a sensitivity of 90.9?% and a specificity of 98.8?%. The rate of misclassification by the 3D scans was 2.5?%. Nine pedicle screws were classified as misplaced and their position corrected intraoperatively (3.8?%). No screws required postoperative revision.

Conclusions

Performing an intraoperative 3D scan enables the position of thoracic pedicle screws to be determined with sufficient accuracy. The rate of revision surgery was reduced to 0?%.     

循肝中静脉的解剖性半肝切除：附58例报告

目的：探讨偱肝中静脉行解剖性半肝切除的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2010年3月—2011年12月58例行半肝切除患者的临床资料。患者术中均暴露肝中静脉全程,然后按其走行确定切肝平面,行解剖性左或右半肝切除。结果：全组平均手术时间5.78（4.5~13）h,平均失血量238.3（100~2 000）mL,术后无膈下脓肿、胆瘘、出血等并发症,患者平均住院时间12.5（9~25）d。结论：循肝中静脉的切肝平面是解剖性半肝切除合理、正确的选择。     

Total laparoscopic limited anatomical resection for centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver

Background

Limited anatomical liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is complicated in cirrhotic patients with centrally located HCC and limited liver reserve. We present a case of total laparoscopic left medial and right ventroanterior sectionectomy performed using the intrahepatic Glissonian approach in a cirrhotic liver for curative resection of HCC.

Methods

The patient was a 69-year-old man with a 6.5-cm-diameter HCC located at segments 4, 5, and 8 and which was compressing the middle hepatic vein (MHV). Child–Pugh class A liver cirrhosis was noted, and the 15-min retention rate for indocyanine green was 14 %. Preoperative surgical planning suggested the feasibility of limited anatomical subsegmental resection. The patient was placed in the supine position and 5 trocars were used for the procedure. The operation began with cholecystectomy, division of liver ligaments, and exposure of the right hepatic vein root and the umbilical Glissonian pedicles to the left medial segment. Parenchymal transection was performed using a laparoscopic harmonic scalpel and Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator until the MHV was reached. After exposing the ventral branches of the right anterior Glissonian pedicle and dividing them, resection was continued along the demarcation line. Fissure veins draining to the MHV root were identified and divided. The MHV root was closed using an automatic stapler.

Results

The operation time was 565 min and estimated blood loss was 665 ml; blood transfusion was not required. Pathological examination confirmed a moderately differentiated HCC with all resected margins free of malignancy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the postoperative day 7. There was no tumor recurrence 18 months after the operation.

Conclusions

Total laparoscopic left medial and right ventroanterior sectionectomy via the intrahepatic Glissonian approach is feasible for HCC in a cirrhotic liver with limited liver reserve. Preoperative planning is essential in order to compute successful hepatic function. Standardization of surgical techniques may aid in safely performing this procedure.     

Laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) surgery for left-lateral hepatic sectionectomy as an alternative to traditional laparoscopy: case-matched analysis from a single center

Background

Laparoscopy is considered the “gold standard” to perform left-lateral sectionectomy with results identical to those of open surgery, yielding decreased postoperative pain and disability, reduced hospital stay, and shortened patient recovery time. As the emphasis on minimizing the invasiveness of surgical techniques continues, laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) surgery is quickly evolving. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic left-lateral sectionectomy performed using the traditional approach or LESS approach with a case-matched analysis for tumor size, type of resection, and surgical indications.

Methods

Thirteen patients who underwent LESS left-lateral sectionectomy are considered the study group (LESS group) and compared with 13 patients who underwent left-lateral sectionectomy with traditional laparoscopic approach (conventional group).

Results

There were no significant differences between groups for length of surgery (165?min in conventional group vs. 195?min in LESS group), blood loss (150?mL in conventional group vs. 175?mL in LESS group), conversion to open surgery, histological tumor exposure, and requirements of postoperative analgesics. One patient in the LESS group died of cardiac failure due to an unknown severe aortic valve stenosis. No differences were recorded for postoperative complications (23.1% in both groups) and median length of postoperative stay (4?days in both groups).

Conclusions

For left-lateral hepatic sectionectomy, LESS surgery is technically feasible and as safe as traditional laparoscopic surgery in terms of intraoperative and postoperative results, even though requiring both hepatobiliary and laparoscopic technique experience.     

Minimesohepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastasis Invading the Middle Hepatic Vein at the Hepatocaval Confluence

Background

In case of liver tumors invading the middle hepatic vein (MHV) at the hepatocaval confluence (HC) major resection is recommended. We describe a new ultrasound-guided conservative operation for patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) invading the MHV at the HC.

Methods

The case of a 65-year-old woman with two CLMs is described. One CLM was in segments 4-superior (S4-superior) and 8-ventral (S8-ventral) with invasion of the MHV 2 cm from the HC, while the other was in segment 8-dorsal (cranial portion). J-shaped laparotomy and intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) were carried out. Anterior surface of the HC was exposed, and compression using the surgeon’s fingertips was applied at the MHV. Once reversal flow in the peripheral portion of the MHV, and/or shunting collaterals with right or left hepatic vein, and/or hepatopetal flow in portal branches to right paramedian section (P5-8) and/or to segment 4-inferior (P4-inferior) were detected by color Doppler IOUS (CD-IOUS), partial resection of S4-superior and S8-ventral with vascular resection of MHV was performed.

Results

The disclosure of those three criteria by CD-IOUS enables the performance of minimesohepatectomy. No congestion of the remnant liver was found. Ninety-day mortality and morbidity were nil. The patient was discharged 8 days after surgery. At 11 months of follow-up the patient underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for a new 15-mm CLM in segment-8-dorsal (caudal portion). Currently, the patient is alive and free of disease at 17 months after surgery.

Conclusions

The use of CD-IOUS may allow conservative resection of liver tumors invading the MHV at the HC. This might limit the need for larger resections, and broadens the role of IOUS in optimizing surgical strategy.     

Multidetector computed tomography angiography in the evaluation of potential living donors for liver transplantation: single-center experience in China

Objective

To evaluate relevant arterial, hepatic, and portal venous anatomy using multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography in potential living liver donors at a single liver transplantation center in China.

Methods

One hundred two consecutive potential liver donors underwent CT angiography in the arterial, portal, and hepatic venous phases with a 16-row CT scanner. All source and reconstructed images were evaluated for hepatic vasculature anatomy by an experienced radiologist and a surgeon in consensus. The anatomic variants of arterial system, portal venous system, and hepatic veins were characterized according to the classification system of Michels, Akgul, and Nakamura respectively. In 42 donors of right hepatic lobectomy, CT findings were compared with the results of surgery.

Results

Of 102 candidates, 63 had type I, 8 type II, 12 type III, 3 type IV, 11 type V, 2 type VI, 2 type VIII, and 1 type IX hepatic arterial anatomy. According to the classification of the portal venous system created by Akgul, type A was seen in 81 subjects. Type B, type C, and type E were revealed in 15, 4, and 2 subjects, respectively. According to the classification of the right hepatic drainage pattern by Nakamura, type 1 drainage was seen in 71 subjects (69.6%), type 2 in 22 candidates (21.6%), and type 3 in 9 subjects (8.8%). Forty five right inferior hepatic veins were identified in 41 potential donors, and 68.9% of these veins were larger than 5 mm in diameter. CT angiography findings were confirmed in all donors who underwent operations.

Conclusions

Multidetector CT angiography can successfully show the relevant hepatic vascular anatomy in potential liver donors.     

Disruption of the Middle Hepatic Vein is not Crucial for Liver Regeneration of the Remnant Liver After Right Hemihepatectomy for Hepatic Tumors

Background To clarify the role of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) in liver regeneration of the remnant liver after right hemihepatectomy for hepatic tumors, we reviewed 29 patients to evaluate liver regeneration for up to 12 postoperative months.Methods Volume regeneration of the remnant liver was investigated by computed tomography at 3, 6, and 12 postoperative months. The remnant liver was divided into the following three areas: the medial section (segment IV), the lateral section (segments II and III), and segment I. The patients were divided into two groups: group A (n = 17), in which the MHV was preserved in the remnant liver, and group B (n = 12), in which the MHV was removed.Results Volume regeneration of each area continued until 6 postoperative months but did not increase thereafter. On univariate analysis, differences in the volume regeneration of each area between the groups were not significant at any measured time point. Furthermore, disruption of the MHV was determined to not be crucial to the volume regeneration of any liver area on multivariate analysis. Only the resection volume (percentage) significantly affected liver regeneration of the remnant liver.Conclusions Disruption of the MHV does not decisively affect liver regeneration of remnant liver after right hemihepatectomy for hepatic tumors.     

Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of variations in the middle hepatic vein tributaries: proposed new classification

Purpose

To evaluate the anatomical variations in the middle hepatic vein tributaries (V5/V8) for determining the reconstruction strategy in right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods

The V5/V8 variations were examined in 268 patients and were classified into three and two types, respectively. The reconstruction rate (RR), patency rate (PR) and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated in 46 right lobe LDLT cases.

Results

In terms of V5 variations, the RR and PR were significantly higher for type 2 than type 3 (82.6 vs. 44.4 % and 73.7 vs. 25.0 %, respectively). The alanine aminotransferase level on postoperative day (POD) 5 in the V5 patent group was significantly lower than in the occluded group (123 vs. 191 IU/dL). Regarding V8 variations, the RR and PR were significantly higher for type 1 than type 2 (44.4 vs. 17.6 % and 75.0 vs. 33.3 %, respectively). The aspartate aminotransferase level on POD 3 was significantly lower in the V8 patent group than in the occluded group (50 vs. 121 IU/dL).

Conclusion

For right lobe grafts with single large V5 (type 2) or V8 (type 1) variations, reconstruction is necessary. Our new classification of the MHV tributaries is useful for determining the reconstruction strategy to use in right lobe LDLT.     

Laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy without renal ischaemia for tumours larger than 4?cm: perioperative and functional outcomes

Purpose

To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and functional outcomes of zero ischaemia laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy with controlled hypotension for renal tumours larger than 4?cm.

Methods

We evaluated 121 consecutive patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scores 1–2 who underwent laparoscopic (n?=?70) or robotic (n?=?51) partial nephrectomy with controlled hypotension with either tumour size ≤4?cm (group 1, n?=?78) or tumour size >4 cm (group 2, n?=?43) performed by a single surgeon from December 2010 to December 2011. Operative data, complications, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rates and effective renal plasma flow calculated from 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scintigraphy were compared. Differences between groups were evaluated by the Chi-square test and the Student’s t test.

Results

A significant difference in mean intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications was found between the two groups: 168?ml (range: 10–600?ml in group 1) and 205?ml (range: 90–700?ml in group 2); p?=?0.005, and 6.4?% versus 18.6?%; p?=?0.004, respectively. The mean percentage decrease of ERPF of the operated kidney was 1.8?% in group 1 and 4.1?% in group 2.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy with controlled hypotension for tumours >4?cm in ASA 1–2 patients was feasible with significant higher intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications compared to smaller renal masses. The benefits of avoiding hilar clamping to preserve kidney function seem excellent.     

右肝蒂Glisson鞘外阻断在腹腔镜右半肝切除术中的应用初探

目的 探讨右肝蒂Glisson鞘外血流阻断在腹腔镜右半肝切除术中应用的安全性和近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月1日至2019年6月30日湖南省人民医院行腹腔镜右半肝切除术患者的临床资料。本组共71例,按血流阻断方式分为两组,A组采用右肝蒂Glisson鞘外血流阻断（n=30）,B组采用Pringle血流阻断（n=41）,比较两组病例手术时间、术中失血量、术后住院时间、近期并发症及围术期白细胞计数、肝功能等。结果 两组均无围手术期死亡病例。两组手术时间、术中失血量、术后白蛋白和近期并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A组术后住院时间较B组短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;A组术后第1、3天白细胞低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但术后第7天两组白细胞无统计学差异（P>0.05）;A组术后第1、3、7天ALT、AST、TBIL均低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 右肝蒂Glisson鞘外血流阻断在腹腔镜右半肝切除中的应用是安全、有效的,并且对患者术后肝功能影响更小、患者术后恢复更快。