心脏再同步治疗慢性心力衰竭的中远期疗效观察

目的观察双心室再同步起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效。方法28例慢性心力衰竭合并室内阻滞患者行双心室再同步起搏治疗,全部患者均经冠状静脉窦植入左心室导线1根至心脏静脉,术后平均随访20.6个月,观察心功能,QRS波宽度,左心室收缩、舒张末内径,左心室射血分数,二尖瓣反流面积。结果24例患者治疗后心功能改善,有效率85.7%,心功能从Ⅲ~Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)改善为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,QRS波从(160±58)ms缩短至(132±53)ms,P<0.05,左心室舒张末内径、收缩末内径分别从(73.54±9.96)mm、(64.25±11.32)mm缩小至(68.75±8.63)mm和(58.51±10.78)mm,P<0.01,左心室射血分数从0.23±0.09提高至0.32±0.10,P<0.01,二尖瓣反流面积从(8.03±4.27)cm2减少至(5.15±4.02)cm2,P<0.01。结论双心室再同步起搏是慢性心力衰竭治疗的有效方法。     

双心室同步起搏治疗顽固性心力衰竭的疗效

目的观察双心室同步起搏对扩张型或缺血性心肌病出现顽固性心力衰竭(心衰)时的治疗效果.方法 7例患者,男性6例,女性1例.NYHA 心功能分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级, QRS 间期>0.12 s, 左室射血分数(LVEF)< 35%, 左室舒张末直径≥60 mm,患者均为药物治疗效果不佳的顽固性心衰.分别植入右心房、右心室和冠状静脉左室分支电极导线,行房室顺序双心室同步起搏.起搏前后跟踪随访患者,观察LVEF,NYHA心功能分级和6 min步行的变化.结果右心房、右心室和左心室导线感知和起搏参数均符合起搏要求,随访中亦未发现导线移位和功能障碍.起搏后QRS时间明显缩短,起搏前(188±40)ms、左心室起搏(212±42)ms、右心室起搏(222±34)ms、双心室起搏(169±26)ms.随访(430±136)d.心功能分级(NYHA)术前(3.28±0.45)级,术后1周(1.86±0.64)级,随访中未见进一步改善;LVEF术前(28.30±3.94)%, 术后1周(37.80±3.98)%, 随访时(41.67±6.77)%;6 min步行起搏前(398±168)m,术后1周(478±126)m,随访时增加到(506±134)m.结论双心室同步起搏治疗顽固性心衰可以缓解患者的症状,改善心功能,增加LVEF,提高运动耐量,这些变化可能与心室间电活动以及机械活动的再同步化有关.     

双心室起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的评价双心室起搏对改善慢性心力衰竭(心衰)心功能及心室重塑的作用. 方法超声检查左心室射血分数(LVEF)＜35%,二尖瓣中、重度反留,A、E峰融合,QRS波群时限＞120ms的心衰患者11例(男7例,女4例),年龄(65±11)岁,NYHA心功能Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级5例,植入三腔双心室起搏器,左心室电极导线经冠状静脉窦插入抵达侧静脉或后侧静脉以达到左心室起搏夺获.     

三腔双心室起搏治疗20例充血性心力衰竭患者的近期临床效果

目的 观察三腔双心室同步起搏治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床效果。方法 充血性心力衰竭伴心室内阻滞患者20例,男性16例,女性4例,平均年龄54.7岁。心功能均在Ⅲ-Ⅳ（NYHA分级）,体表心电图平均QRS时限为142.6ms。患者均进行了三腔双心室同步起搏,起搏电极导线分别置于右心房、右心室以及经由冠状静脉窦置于一支心脏静脉起搏左心室。观察双心室起搏前后左心室射血分数变化以及体表心电图QRS波变化。结果 双心室同步起搏后,患者心功能得到明显改善,左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVETF)从24.4%提高至32.1%,左心室充盈时间延长,二尖瓣返流量减少,心功能从Ⅲ-Ⅳ级改善至Ⅱ-Ⅲ级,QRS时限由术前的142.6ms缩短至124.8ms。结论 初步临床观察提示,三腔双心室同步起搏可有效改善充血性心力衰竭伴心室内阻滞患者的心功能。     

房室结消融加上双心室起搏治疗心力衰竭伴心房颤动患者

目的 观察了8例充血性心力衰竭伴心房颤动(房颤)患者进行房室结消融后,植入双心室起搏器的治疗效果。方法 8例充血性心力衰竭伴持续性房颤患者,男性5例,女性3例,平均年龄58.4岁,平均左心室内径(68.5±6.3)mm,左心室射血分数(LVEF)0.30±0.03,所有患者均伴有室内阻滞,平均QRS宽度(157.1±22.3)ms。患者先进行射频导管消融阻断房室结(希氏束),然后进行双心室起搏器植入术。在冠状静脉窦造影术后,经冠状静脉窦植入左心室起搏电极导线至一根心脏静脉,通常是心脏后侧静脉或心脏后静脉内。右心室起搏导线置于右心室心尖部,然后与双心室起搏器连接。结果 8例患者均成功地消融房室结,植入双心室起搏器术后超声心动图显示,LVEF从术前的0.30提高至0.38(P<0.05),二尖瓣返流较术前明显减少,患者临床上心慌、气短症状明显改善,心功能(NYHA分级)平均改善Ⅰ级。结论 初步临床观察提示,对于充血性心力衰竭伴有房颤患者,双心室同步起搏同样可改善患者心功能。     

双心室起搏治疗充血性心力衰竭

探讨双心室起搏技术治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效。 11例充血性心力衰竭患者 ,男 9例、女 2例 ,年龄 5 4± 7岁。心功能 (NYHA)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级 ,均伴有心室内传导阻滞。全部患者置入三腔双心室起搏器 ,左心室电极置于冠状静脉侧支及后侧分支内。结果 :手术全部成功。所有患者于置入后症状改善 ,体表心电图QRS时限由 15 9.8± 4 .4 2ms缩至 130 .5± 3.6 9ms ,P <0 .0 1。随访 6～ 18个月 ,超声心动图显示左室射血分数由 0 .2 5± 0 .0 5增至 0 .38± 0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1、舒张期充盈改善、二尖瓣返流减少。结论 :双心室起搏可以改善药物控制困难的伴室内传导阻滞的心衰患者的临床症状 ,改善心功能 ,提高生活质量。     

多部位起搏的急性血流动力学对比研究

目的 :比较右心室双部位起搏、双心室同步起搏、右心室心尖部起搏、右心室流出道起搏、左心室基底部起搏等 5种不同起搏模式对血流动力学的影响。方法 :15例患者男 10例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 6 6± 6 4岁。其中病态窦房结综合征 8例 ;Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞 7例。分别行右心室心尖部、右心室流出道、右心室双部位起搏、左心室基底部及双心室同步起搏 (VVI ,6 0～ 90次 /分 ) ,测定心输出量(CO)、心脏指数 (CI)、肺毛细血管嵌顿压 (PCWP)、QRS波群宽度和电轴。结果 :①与右心室心尖部起搏相比 ,右心室流出道、右心室双部位、左心室基底部、双心室同步起搏的CO、CI显著增加 ,PCWP明显降低 (P均 <0 0 1) ;②右心室双部位、双心室同步起搏较右心室流出道、左心室基底部起搏的CO、CI增高而PCWP降低 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ;③右心室双部位与双心室同步起搏、右心室流出道与左心室基底部起搏之间CO、CI和PCWP无显著差异 ;④右心室双部位、双心室同步起搏的QRS波群宽度较右心室心尖部、右心室流出道、左心室基底部起搏显著缩短 (P均 <0 0 1) ,而左心室基底部起搏与右心室心尖部起搏间无显著差异。结论 :右心室双部位起搏和双心室同步起搏的急性血流动力学效果无明显差异 ,但双部位起搏的效果明显优于单部位起搏 ;双部位起搏的Q     

双腔起搏器术后患者室壁运动同步性分析

目的分析永久性起搏器植入术后右心室起搏患者的心室间及心室内非同步收缩的特点及影响因素。方法收集永久性起搏器植入术后的患者22例,分为右心室起搏组与对照组。应用定量组织多普勒技术获得患者左心室各节段心肌及右心室侧壁的组织多普勒速度曲线,分别测量各节段自QRS波起始至心肌收缩期峰值速度和舒张早期峰值速度的时限等收缩期同步性指标和舒张期同步性指标,以及运动速度峰值。结果右心室起搏组与对照组两组间可测得的组织多普勒参数左心室壁12个节段收缩期达峰时间[(188.3±46.0)ms比(142.6±33.3)ms]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明在心室起搏组存在左心室壁收缩的延迟。但有关左心室壁12个节段内运动同步性的参数,左心室壁12个节段收缩期达峰时间的标准差[(29.9±18.7)ms比(30.3±20.3)ms]及左心室壁12个节段收缩期达峰时间最大与最小值的差值[(95.6±60.4)ms比(90.0±58.3)ms]两组间差异无统计学意义。结论常规右心室心尖起搏致QRS波增宽,可造成心室间收缩不同步,但不一定会造成左心室内收缩不同步。     

三腔起搏器植入时可剥脱导引导管和左心室2187导线的应用

双心室同步起搏可治疗晚期顽固性充血性心力衰竭 ,左心室起搏部位直接影响双心室同步起搏的效果。因而寻找左心室导线的导入途径、起搏部位和操作技术具有重要的临床实用价值。采用可剥离 (ｐｅｅｌ ａｗａｙ)导引导管 ,将特殊的冠状静脉窦电极导线植入左心室静脉 ,成功地进行了双心室同步起搏。　　资料和方法　 7例男性患者 ,平均年龄 (5 8± 14)岁。均为窦性心率、心功能≥Ⅲ级、 (ＮＹＨＡ分级 )、左心室直径>6 0ｍｍ、心电图呈左束支阻滞 ,冠状静脉窦造影 6例采用逆行法 ,穿刺左锁骨下静脉 ,导引冠状静脉窦导引导管(ＡｔｔａｉｎＴＭ ,…     

右心室间隔部起搏的核素心室显像位相分析及心电图研究

目的 :观察右心室间隔部 (RVS)起搏时的心室激动顺序和双心室同步性 ;评估在接受心室起搏的患者中心电图的演变。　　方法 :慢性心房颤动伴长RR间歇或缓慢心室率需植入永久起搏器患者 10例 ,男性 7例 ,女性 3例 ,平均年龄(64 2 0± 12 61)岁 ,均采用抑制型按需心室起搏 (VVI)模式先后顺序进行右心室心尖部 (RVA)和RVS。记录术前心电图、术中RVA和RVS起搏心电图 ;术后进行核素心室显像位相分析 ,对比自身心律与RVA和RVS起搏时心室激动顺序和双心室同步性的差异。　　结果 :核素心室显像位相分析证实RVA起搏造成心室激动顺序异常和双心室失同步 ;RVS起搏时心室激动顺序、双心室同步性与正常基本一致。RVA起搏时QRS波群较术前自身增宽 [(173 0 0± 14 94)msvs (74 5 0± 7 62 )ms ,P <0 0 0 1] ,差异有非常显著性 ;RVS起搏的QRS波群宽度较RVA起搏缩窄 [(13 6 0 0± 13 5 0 )msvs (173 0 0± 14 94)ms ,P <0 0 0 1) ] ,差异有非常显著性。　　结论 :RVS起搏时心室激动顺序、双心室同步性与正常基本一致 ;与RVA起搏相比RVS起搏时心电轴、QRS波群与正常心电图相似或接近。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.