内皮活化相关新基因EOLA1的亚细胞定位及组织表达

目的研究内皮细胞高表达脂多糖相关因子1(EOLA1)基因的亚细胞定位和组织表达特性,为对其进行进一步的功能研究打下基础。方法构建EOLA1-EGFP(绿色荧光蛋白)融合蛋白表达质粒,转染内皮细胞后瞬时表达,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察EOLA1蛋白的亚细胞定位;通过人多组织Northern杂交研究EOLA1基因的组织表达。结果EOLA1蛋白在正常人各组织中呈选择性表达,在人的心脏、骨骼肌、肾脏、肝脏和胎盘组织中有较强的表达,在结肠、脾脏和小肠中有较弱的表达,而在脑、胸腺、肺和外周白细胞中无表达;EOLA1蛋白主要定位于细胞浆,少量表达于细胞核。结论EOLA1属胞内蛋白,可能在细胞内信号转导中起着作用。     

增强型RACE技术克隆辐射诱导小鼠肠上皮新基因RS1

目的 在获得了辐射诱导小鼠肠上皮新基因RS1 EST序列的基础上获得全长cDNA。方法RT-PCR方法对RS1基因进行表达谱分析，找到表达丰度较高的组织提取总RNA作为模板，应用增强RACE技术即结合生物素探针富集靶cDNA的方法克隆RS1的cDNA末端。结果克隆到RS1片段3′端约2kb的序列。该序列5′端包含已知的RS1片段，3′端具有明显的polyA加尾信号，有编码区的终止密码子。明确了RS1的正、负链及其蛋白编码方向，为RS1 5′端的克隆提供了必要信息。结论 结果与本实验的设计完全一致，说明这一方法对从表达丰度低，难以设计最佳基因特异性引物的EST序列克隆其对应的全长cDNA是可行的，同时为下一步研究RS1在小鼠肠上皮辐射应激反应中的作用和被辐射诱导表达的调控模式奠定了基础。     

EOLA1基因小干扰RNA载体构建及其干扰效应检测

目的 构建人类新基因内皮高表达脂多糖相关因子1(EOLA1)特异性的小干扰RNA表达载体,并初步验证其对靶基因的抑制作用。方法 构建绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)-EOLA1融合蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N2／EOLA1,并转染人ECV304细胞株,G418压力筛选获得稳定表达株;针对靶基因EOLA1,设计靶点特异性的寡核苷酸,插入pSlincer3．1／H1质粒。转染重组质粒到稳定表达GFP-EOLA1融合蛋白的ECV304细胞,通过观察转染细胞绿色荧光的强弱和Westem blot实验检测靶基因的抑制情况。结果 获得了稳定表达GFP-EOLA1融合蛋白的细胞株,构建的小RNA干扰质粒siEOLA1能够抑制靶基因EOLA1的表达。结论 成功构建了针对EOLA1基因的siRNA质粒,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

IRM-2小鼠全长cDNA编码蛋白质分析

目的 分离和鉴定IRM-2小鼠辐射抗性相关基因.方法 以IRM-2小鼠的21条表达序列标签为模板进行PCR扩增,从IRM-2小鼠全长cDNA文库中测定cDNA克隆的序列,通过与GenBank进行同源序列信息比对,对全长cDNA编码的蛋白质进行分析.结果 从IRM-2小鼠全长cDNA文库中获得5条全长cDNA序列,与小鼠已知基因不同源,得到了可能编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列和蛋白质的理化性质等信息.结论 通过对全长cDNA编码的蛋白质进行分析,提示IRM-2小鼠体内可能存在目前尚未发现的辐射抗性相关基因.     

小鼠脑损伤相关基因的克隆及表达与生物学功能初步分析

目的 克隆1个与小鼠脑损伤早期反应相关的新基因(GBI),并对其功能进行初步分析.方法 SMART-RACE技术克隆该新基因全长cDNA;采用生物信息学软件分析其可能的功能结构域和进行序列相似性分析;Northern Blotting分析该基因在小鼠主要组织器官的生理水平的表达.结果 该新基因全长cDNA序列为1798bp,含1个编码249个氨基酸残基蛋白质的开放性阅读框.推导蛋白质分子与1个即刻早期蛋白IE175和1个应激相关蛋白RAB21具有部分序列相似性.Northern杂交显示其仅仅在小鼠脑组织有基础水平的表达.结论 该基因可能与创伤早期反应的应激信号转导相关,并命名为脑损伤相关基因GBI(gene related to brain injury,gi|19338981|gb|AF481964.1).     

噬菌体表面展示技术筛选乙型肝炎病毒前S1蛋白结合蛋白基因

目的 以乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前s1蛋白为靶蛋白,寻找其相应的结合蛋白。方法 应用T7 cDNA文库噬菌体展示技术克隆与前s1蛋白具有结合作用的蛋白序列,命名为前s1结合蛋白(PreS1BP)。将推断的氨基酸序列在蛋白质库中进行搜索,自GenBank中获得结合蛋白的cDNA和基因组的全长序列。结果 初步确定PreS1BP即为神经胶质瘤抑制基因区候选基因2(GLTSCR2),cDNA长为1436核苷酸,基因位于第19号染色体长臂13.3区(19q13.3),长度11445碱基对(bp),位于19号染色体10403483～10414989,PreS1BP基因含有13个外显子,具有12个内含子。结论 应用T7 cDNA文库噬菌体展示技术和生物信息学方法获得了HBV PreS1BP基因。     

慢性髓细胞白血病相关蛋白CMLAP的基因克隆化研究

目的了解慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)基因表达谱的规律,并对在CML中特异性高表达的一个新基因进行克隆、分析与鉴定。方法应用基因表达谱芯片技术,比较CML患者和正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)基因的表达差异。检索核苷酸序列数据库(GenBank)和蛋白质一级结构序列数据库(SwissProt),对差异表达的基因进行生物信息学分析,与已知功能基因序列进行同源性比较。根据基因起始密码子的Kozak规则和终止密码子下游保守的多聚腺苷酸信号序列,确定新基因序列,据此设计并合成该基因序列的特异性引物,提取CMLPBMC的总RNA,以RT-PCR技术扩增获得该新基因的全长序列,并对克隆的基因及其编码产物的序列进行分析。结果在CML患者PBMC中克隆一个新的基因,经测序证实,其编码序列全长为1872个核苷酸(nt),编码产物由624个氨基酸残基(aa)组成,命名为CMLAP。在GenBank中注册,注册号为AY762229。结论基因表达谱芯片技术与生物信息学技术相结合,发现并鉴定、克隆了在CML中高表达的新基因CMLAP,为进一步研究CML发生发展的分子生物学机制奠定基础。     

应用抑制消减杂交克隆内皮细胞内毒素刺激后相关基因

提取人脐静脉内皮细胞经内毒素刺激6h后的mRNA并合成cDNA，与对照组进行抑制消减杂交，经菌落斑点杂交筛选出阳性克隆，进行测序和同源性分析，并采用Northern杂交验证新的cDNA序列，共获得25条差异表达基因，涉及与编码炎症介质、胞内信号传导、细胞骨架、细胞凋亡和能量代谢相关的基因，其中3条为新基因序列。结果表明，抑制消减杂交技术有效地克隆了内皮细胞内毒素刺激后相关基因，有助于阐明内毒素激活血管内皮细胞的机制，并为临床防治内毒素损害寻找新的作用靶点提供了根据。     

三氧化二砷反式激活基因AsTP2的克隆化及生物信息学分析

目的三氧化二砷反式激活靶基因(AsTP2)的克隆化研究。方法对构建的三氧化二砷差异表达的肝HepG2细胞cDNA消减文库进行筛选，利用RT-PCR技术获得新基因AstTP2的编码序列，结合生物信息学对其氨基酸序列、染色体定位和基因功能进行分析比较。结果AsTP2基因编码区为1119nt，编码产物为372aa。经核苷酸序列数据库(GenBank)和蛋白质一级结构序列数据库(SwissProt)同源序列的搜寻，发现未知功能的同源蛋白，说明克隆的AsTP2基因属于未知功能新基因，GenBank注册号为AY744366。该基因在三氧化二砷诱导的HepG2细胞中表达上调。结论克隆了一条新的三氧化二砷反式激活靶基因AsTP2，为进一步研究三氧化二砷的反式激活作用和揭示砷致癌的生物学机制提供新线索。     

人分化相关基因Ndr3的克隆、组织表达谱及亚细胞定位研究

目的 :研究人源分化相关新基因Ndr3的克隆、组织表达谱及亚细胞定位。方法 :采用电子拼接和PCR扩增技术 ,从人 2 2周孕龄胎肝cDNA文库中获得与人Ndr1基因同源的一段表达性序列标签 ,继而从成人脑cDNA文库分离出Ndr3的全长cDNA ;采用点杂交分析和多组织Northern杂交分析方法 ,确定其组织表达谱 ;将其亚克隆入绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP_N1,用脂质体介导法转染COS_7细胞 ,确定其亚细胞定位。结果与结论 :Ndr3的全长cDNA为 2 879bp ,其开放阅读框 (ORF)编码 375个氨基酸 ,染色体定位为 2 0q12_11.2 3。Northern杂交和点杂交分析显示 ,NDR3在脑组织和睾丸中高表达 ,在肾、心肌和前列腺中有一定量的表达 ,在胚胎组织的表达较低 ,在 8种人肿瘤细胞中的表达极低。与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的实验结果显示 ,该蛋白定位于核外胞浆内     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）