小儿巨型大网膜囊肿一例

患儿，男，5岁，因间歇性腹痛1个月余，加重3d入院。体查：腹软，膨隆，稍有压痛、无反跳痛，叩诊呈浊音，无移动性浊音，肠鸣音未闻及。腹部B超：腹腔巨大囊性包块，腹部CT示：腹腔及盆腔巨大囊性包块，上至肝下极水平，下达膀胱后壁，密度较均匀，其内可见条索状分隔，形态不规则，呈多房状。周围肠管及脏器受挤压、移位。择期在全麻下行手术。术中见囊肿位于大网膜，呈多房，分叶状，大小约30cm×20cm×10cm，囊壁透明菲薄，表面血管丰富，内含褐色液体，与大网膜广泛粘连，囊肿根部来源于胃结肠韧带前大网膜，与肠管及盆腔脏器无粘连。     

S-100预防大鼠术后腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的：观察不同浓度S-100防粘连冲洗液预防腹腔粘连的效果及其对血清TGF-β1水平的影响。方法：60只Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只。包括模型组（A组）、透明质酸钠组（B组）、0.5%S-100组（C组）、3%S-100组（D组）、5%S-100（E组）和泰陵组（F组）。通过粘连分级、HE染色、免疫组织化学染色、羟脯氨酸测定观察S-100预防腹腔粘连效果的同时,测定血清TGF-β1水平。结果：B、C、D、E及F组在粘连分级、HE染色及羟脯氨酸测定方面均优于A组（P〈0.05）;B、C组之间,D、E、F组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;D、E、F3组与B、C2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。免疫组织化学染色结果显示B、C、D、E、F组粘连组织内CollagenⅠ含量比A组低（χ2=11.098,P=0.049）。各组大鼠血清TGF-β1水平差异无统计学意义（F=0.161,P=0.976）。结论：S-100防粘连冲洗液具有明显预防腹腔粘连形成的作用,其作用优于透明质酸钠,最佳作用浓度区间为3%～5%。     

三种复合补片在污染环境下修补大鼠腹壁缺损的比较研究

目的观察聚丙交己内酯(polylactide-co-caprolactone,PLC)、透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、胶原蛋白与聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)网片复合,在污染环境下修补大鼠腹壁缺损后粘连情况和修补效果,比较3种复合补片特点及一期修补可行性。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠93只,体重150～250 g,随机分为3组(n=31):PP/PLC复合补片组(A组),PP/HA/PLC复合补片组(B组),PP/胶原蛋白/PLC复合补片组(C组)。各组取1只大鼠小肠制备污染源匀浆。其余大鼠制备直径约1 cm的腹壁疝模型后,根据分组将直径1.5 cm的复合补片缝合于腹壁缺损处。术后观察大鼠一般情况;于术后30、60、90 d处死大鼠,大体观察腹腔脏器粘连情况;切取补片及其周围组织进行组织学观察。结果术后10～70 d共6只大鼠死亡,其中A组2只,B组3只,C组1只;死亡原因均与补片修补无关。术后各时间点各组均见腹腔脏器与补片粘连,主要为肠管、网膜、肝。按照修正的Katada粘连评分方法,术后30、60 d各组间粘连评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);90 d时C组粘连评分显著低于A、B组(P<0.05)。组织学观察,术后30 d各组补片周围可见炎性细胞浸润,成纤维细胞出现且胶原分泌增加,可吸收材料残留;60 d时补片周围炎性细胞较前减少,成纤维细胞数量及胶原分泌较前增加,各组仅见PLC残留;90 d时成纤维细胞日趋成熟,可见胶原充填,腹腔面可见间皮层逐渐形成,各组残留PLC较前减少。结论 在污染环境下,PP/胶原蛋白/PLC复合补片在腹腔粘连及局部组织反应方面均优于PP/PLC及PP/HA/PLC复合补片,更适于一期修补大鼠腹壁缺损,但其远期效果及安全性仍待进一步确定。     

丝裂霉素C预防大鼠椎板切除后硬膜外粘连的量效关系及安全性

目的:探讨丝裂霉素C(MMC)预防大鼠椎板切除后硬膜外粘连的量效关系及其使用安全性。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分成5组,每组12只。分别切除L1椎板,术中各组分别以棉片浸透生理盐水(A组)或0.1mg/ml(B组)、0.3mg/ml(C组)、0.5mg/ml(D组)、0.7mg/ml(E组)的MMC,置于裸露的硬脊膜后方5min。A组应用生理盐水前后及B、C、D、E组应用MMC前后分别测定其体感诱发电位(SEP)潜伏期。术后4周处死大鼠,切取手术段脊柱,肉眼观察硬膜外粘连程度,行硬膜外瘢痕组织羟脯氨酸(HOP)含量测定、胶原组织面积测定及成纤维细胞计数。结果:A组应用生理盐水前后及B、C、D、E组应用MMC前后SEP潜伏期无明显改变。D、E组与A、B、C组比较硬脊膜与后方瘢痕组织粘连变轻,HOP含量降低,胶原面积减少,成纤维细胞计数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B、C组与A组比较硬脊膜与后方瘢痕组织粘连变轻,HOP含量降低,成纤维细胞计数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),胶原面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D、E两组间及B、C两组间各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:0.5mg/ml浓度的MMC对预防大鼠椎板切除后硬膜外粘连具有较好的量效关系,且使用安全。     

自体气管移植软骨再生的研究

目的　应用重组人骨形态发生蛋白 2 (rhBMP 2 )植入犬的自体气管移植体诱导软骨再生。方法　将 2 4条犬等分为 3组 :A组原位再植 ,外覆带蒂大网膜 ;B组移植体植入rhBMP 2后埋入腹腔大网膜中 ;C组移植体植入rhBMP 2后原位再植 ,外覆带蒂大网膜。术后 1、2、4、8周处死动物 ,标本行大体及组织学观察。结果　 3组移植体软骨环均有不同程度的吸收。B和C组移植体的rhBMP 2植入区有软骨再生 ,且两者新生软骨面积差异有显著性 (u =841,P <0 .0 5 )。结论rhBMP 2可刺激气管移植体软骨再生 ;胶原可充当rhBMP 2的缓释载体 ,用于气管移植有较好的诱导软骨再生作用     

大鼠再生移植脾片量的观察

目的研究移植脾片的再生量以及与移植量大小、移植部位的关系.方法将相同移植脾片量移植在肝表面(A组,n=20)和大网膜(B组,n=20),A,B组脾片重量(188.77±19.09)mg,将不同量脾片移植在大网膜(C组,n=20),C组脾片重量为(91.46±17.66)mg.移植前及移植后(6,8周)测量脾片重量.结果相同重量的大块脾片移植在肝表面(A组)及大网膜(B组),其6,8周再生量明显低于移植前重量,(P<0.01);小块脾片大网膜移植组(C组)脾片重量在移植后8周时明显重于6周时,但仍低于B组8周时的重量(P<0.05).结论不同部位移植脾片再生过程是一样的,相同重量脾片移植在肝表面及大网膜的再生量无差异;不同重量脾片移植在大网膜上再生量明显不同.     

扶肾颗粒对腹膜透析相关性腹膜纤维化的影响及其作用机制的实验研究

目的:通过对腹膜透析大鼠进行干预,观察扶肾颗粒对腹膜纤维化相关细胞因子的影响及其作用机制探讨。方法:SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠75只,体重180～200g,适应性饲养1周后,依大鼠体重分层,随机分为:正常对照组(A组,n=15),无任何处理,腹腔注射生理盐水,100ml.kg-1.d-1,连续4周;肾衰5/6切除+1.5%PD组(B组,n=15);肾衰5/6切除+1.5%PD+扶肾颗粒组(C组,n=15);肾衰5/6切除+4.25%PD组(D组,n=15);肾衰5/6切除+4.25%PD+扶肾颗粒组(E组,n=15),除A组外,各组均制成肾衰模型,其中B、C组予腹腔注射1.5%LPDS,100ml.kg-1.d-1,连续4周;D、E组予腹腔注射4.25%LPDS,100ml.kg-1.d-1,连续4周,自透析开始,对C组和E组予灌服扶肾颗粒,以200gSD大鼠计算,灌胃剂量1.8ml/d。其余各组予灌服2ml生理盐水,共灌服4周。观察各组实验动物的大体状态、体重变化、腹膜滤过功能及血清纤维化调控因子表达变化。结果:在治疗4周后,除正常对照组(A组)外,其余各组均体现为负超滤,但是,同浓度透析治疗组中,应用扶肾颗粒干预组其超滤情况明显优于未应用扶肾颗粒组(P<0.05),其作用显著,同时,葡萄糖转运量方面亦体现为相似结果。与正常对照组比较(A组),其余各模型组相关促纤维化因子表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。TGF-β1方面,D组的表达水平明显较其他各组升高(P<0.05)。CTGF及IL-6方面,结果与TGF-β1相似。VEGF方面,E组较D组明显降低(P<0.05)。随着透析治疗的进行,HGF与BMP-7表达水平均反应性升高,各模型组二者水平均较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01)。HGF方面,C组较B组明显升高(P<0.01)。BMP-7方面,E组较D组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:扶肾颗粒可减轻腹透大鼠的肾功能损伤,保护残余肾功能,改善腹透大鼠的超滤量及葡萄糖转运量,抑制促纤维化因子TGF-β1、CTGF、IL-6、CTGF等表达,调高抗纤维化因子HGF、BMP-7的表达,进而起到抑制腹膜透析相关腹膜纤维化的发生,改善腹膜透析效能。     

羟丁基壳聚糖预防大鼠腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的 探讨羟丁基壳聚糖对大鼠术后腹腔粘连的预防作用.方法 清洁级SD大鼠90只,雌雄各半,体重250～280 g,随机分为3组(n=30).采用纱布摩擦盲肠浆膜面制作腹腔粘连动物模型后,A、B组分别于盲肠表面喷涂2 mL浓度为2%的羟丁基壳聚糖溶液及透明质酸钠凝胶,C组旷置30 s后关腹.术后观察大鼠一般情况,术后2、4剧每组各取15只大鼠,行大体观察及组织学观察,双盲法行粘连程度分级.术后4周A、C组透射电镜观察创伤处盲肠壁的超微结构.结果 术后人鼠均存活至实验完成.术后2周,A、B组腹腔粘连程度较轻,纤维结缔组织及胶原增生较少,C组腹腔粘连较重,纤维结缔组织大量增生;根据Nair五级分级标准及组织学观察分级A、B组与C组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A、B组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后4周,A组粘连程度轻,纤维结缔组织及胶原增生少,C组腹腔粘连严重,纤维结缔组织及胶原大量增生,B组介于两者之间,3组分级差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).透射电镜观察结果显示:A组成纤维细胞不活跃,胶原纤维较纤细,排列稀疏;C组成纤维细胞活跃,胶原纤维致密、紊乱.结论 羟丁基壳聚糖可显著减少大鼠腹腔术后纤维结缔组织增生,明显抑制成纤维细胞的活性,具有长时间预防腹腔粘连的作用.     

在癌肿手术和肠瘘危机的病人中应用网片修补肌腱膜缺损

偶在癌肿手术时,需要切除被癌肿侵犯的全层腹膜和肌肉,直接复盖网片以修补缺损,网片直接接触肠曲,易导致肠瘘的发生.在1977～1986年,曾直接用网片复盖缺损32例,其中6例的缺损区位于后胁或上腹部,该处网片不直接接触肠曲,在余下的26例(网片直接接触肠曲)中,发生肠瘘6例,分别在术后3周、3月、5月、12月、15岁和13年.需取出网片,切除肠段.在1987～1992年,用网片修复腹壁缺损30例,但在网片和肠壁之间衬以大网膜、对侧的游离腹直肌或腹膜,未发生肠瘘,4例用腹膜移植者因肿瘤复发,2例曾再行探查,发现网片下层无致密粘连,深层的腹膜完整良好,所用网片均由聚丙稀制成,缝合时用尼龙线固定.为了阐明防止肠瘘的机制,作动物实验观察,取28只兔随机分为两组,在腹壁中部制成5×7cm肌腱膜缺损,13只兔用聚丙烯网片修补;另15只兔在网片下层加用一片游离腹膜,使网片下层无腹膜缺损,在1～3月后再次探查以观察网片下层的粘连情况.在28只兔中,1只伴腹膜移植和2只未用腹膜移的兔死亡.在14只用腹膜移植的兔中,未见致密粘膜,网片深层组织发亮,有小动脉长入,移植的腹膜与邻近的完整腹膜相似.而在11只未用腹膜移植兔中,10只兔的网片下层有致密粘连,并涉及深层的小肠(P=0.0001).可见在网膜下层衬以腹膜组织可以防止粘连和肠瘘的发     

咪唑安定对冠心病患者外周静脉血血小板膜表面黏附分子表达的影响

目的探讨咪唑安定对冠心病患者外周静脉血血小板膜表面黏附分子表达的影响。方法 40例冠心病患者随机分为4组(A组、B组、C组、D组,n=10),抽取外周静脉血,抗凝离心后富含血小板血浆(PRP)中分别加入100、200、400ng·ml-1咪唑安定(B、C、D组),抽取10名健康志愿者外周静脉血,枸橼酸钠抗凝,离心后取得PRP作为对照组(E组,n=10);E组和A组不加入药物。应用流式细胞仪测定血小板膜表面黏附分子CD154、CD41/61、CD62p的表达量。结果与E组比较,A组血小板膜表面黏附分子CD154、CD41/61、CD62p表达增高(P<0．01);与A组比较,C、D组血小板膜表面黏附分子CD154、CD41/61、CD62p表达降低(P<0．05或0．01),B组血小板膜表面黏附分子表达无明显变化(P>0．05)。结论冠心病患者外周静脉血血小板膜表面黏附分子CD154、CD41/61、CD62p表达高于正常人,在体外咪唑安定200、400 ng·ml-1可以抑制其表达。     

The effect of immunosuppression on peritoneal adhesions formation after small bowel transplantation in rats

BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of adhesion related small bowel obstruction after abdominal organ transplantation is considerably lower than other abdominal procedures. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of immunosuppression on peritoneal adhesion formation after intestinal transplantation in rats. METHODS: Four groups of rats (n = 6) underwent small bowel intestinal transplantation in syngeneic (Groups A, B) and allogeneic (Groups C, D) combinations. Groups B and D received tacrolimus immunosuppression 1 mg/kg/d. Animals were euthanized on postoperative day 7, and the total adhesion score (TAS), tissue hydroxyproline content (HPC), TGF-beta mRNA expression levels and histology were examined. RESULTS: All of the animals in Group C showed severe histological (Grade III) acute cellular rejection. There were no histological signs of rejection in Group D. A significant reduction in TAS was observed in tacrolimus treated animals in both syngeneic and allogeneic combinations (Groups B and D), compared with controls (Groups A and C) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). TAS results correlated with the differences in TGF-beta levels that showed significant reduction when each immunosuppressed group was compared with its nontreated counterpart, i.e., (Groups B versus A, P < 0.05, and Groups D versus C, P < 0.01). TGF-beta levels were significantly high in the rejection group (C) and correlated with the intense adhesion formation that was demonstrated in that group. Group C was also the only group in which a significant elevation in HPC was demonstrated (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Intense adhesion formation occurs during early posttransplant acute rejection. Postsurgical adhesion formation is significantly reduced in immunosuppressed rats after intestinal transplantation.     

5-FU concentration in the tissue of gastric cancer, and evaluation of cancer chemotherapy with angiotensin-II

A preferable route for administration of anti-cancer drugs together with angiotensin-II (AT-II) was examined by measuring the tissue concentration of drugs in resected specimens. Twenty five patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into five groups, and 5-FU (250 mg) was given with or without AT-II intraoperatively. Group A; i.v. 5-FU alone (n = 5), Group B; i.v. 5-FU with AT-II (n = 5), Group C; i.a. 5-FU alone (n = 5), Group D; i.a. 5-FU with i.v. AT-II (n = 5) and Group E; i.a. 5-FU with AT-II (n = 5). 5-FU level in regional lymph nodes was statistically higher in Group D compared to other groups, while in tumor tissues it was markedly higher in Group E. The ratio of 5-FU level in tumor tissues to normal tissues (T/N) was higher in Groups D and E. In patients with advanced malignancies, response rates were 17% in i.v. anti-cancer drugs with AT-II group, 41% in i.a. anti-cancer drugs with i.v. AT-II group and 24% in i.a. anti-cancer drugs with AT-II group. Median survival time for each group were 6.3 months, 9.6 months and 14.2 months, respectively. It is concluded that intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy together with AT-II can be an effective treatment for advanced malignancies.     

Reduction of ischemic spinal cord injury by dextrorphan: comparison of several methods of administration.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of dextrorphan, an N -methyl-D -aspartate receptor antagonist, on the reduction of ischemic spinal cord injury and the safe clamping time after various methods of administration. METHODS: Spinal cord ischemia was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by infrarenal aortic clamping and animals were divided into 5 groups. Group A (n = 15) received simple clamping. Groups B (n = 20) and C (n = 35) received dextrorphan pretreatment (10 mg/kg), followed by continuous intravenous or intra-aortic infusion (1 mg/min), respectively. Group D (n = 25) received the same dextrorphan pretreatment and bolus intra-aortic injection at clamping (1 mg per minute of clamping time). Group E (n = 15) received bolus intrathecal injection of dextrorphan (0.2 mg/kg). Each dextrorphan-treated group had a small group of control animals (n = 5). The neurologic status was assessed by the Johnson score (5 = normal, 0 = paraplegic) 48 hours after unclamping, and animals were put to death for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: All dextrorphan-treated groups showed better neurologic function than the respective control animals (P <.001 vs groups B, C, and D; P =.014 vs group E). The order of efficacy of dextrorphan (as revealed by the average of neurologic status) was as follows: group C > group D (P =.017, after 50 minutes of clamping), group D > group B (P =.014, after 45 minutes of clamping), and group B > group E (P <.001, after 40 minutes of clamping). Histopathologic findings did not necessarily correspond with hind-limb neurologic function. CONCLUSIONS: Dextrorphan reduced the physical findings associated with ischemic spinal cord injury, and continuous intra-aortic infusion prolonged the safe clamping time significantly more than delivery by other routes.     

多聚酶链反应检测细菌DNA对大鼠空、回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨PCR检测大鼠外周血及腹水中细菌DNA对空肠-空肠、回肠-回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断价值。方法:健康Wistar雌性大鼠50只，随机分成5组，每组10只：A组为假手术组;B组为空肠-空肠吻合组;C组为空肠吻合口瘘组;D组为回肠-回肠吻合组;E组为回肠吻合口瘘组。采集手术前后外周血及术后腹水，抽提DNA, 比较lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因的PCR阳性率，并观察各组的病理学情况。结果:（1）C，E组术后外周血lacZ基因PCR阳性率与B，D组无显著性差异（P>0.05）;C，E组术后外周血16SrRNA基因PCR阳性率显著高于B，D组（P<0.05）。（2）C，E组腹水lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因PCR阳性率均显著高于B，D组（P<0.05）。（3）C，E组腹水lacZ基因阳性率显著高于外周血（P<0.05）;C，E组腹水16SrRNA基因阳性率与外周血无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论:（1）PCR检测术后外周血16SrRNA基因对空、回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断有一定意义;（2）检测术后腹水lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因对空肠-空肠、回肠-回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断也有一定意义。     

构建猕猴组织工程化周围神经的实验研究

目的评价组织工程化周围神经修复猕猴4cm尺神经缺损的实验效果,为临床研究提供资料。方法分别用6种移植物桥接4cm尺神经缺损。A组:自体BMSCs 去细胞同种异体神经支架;B组:自体SCs 去细胞同种异体神经支架;C组:自体BMSCs PLGA支架导管;D组:去细胞同种异体神经支架;E组:PLGA支架导管;F组:自体神经。通过功能学、神经电生理学及组织学研究评价各自的实验效果。结果A、B、C三种组织工程化神经实验组,术后6个月神经电生理和组织学检查,能引起小鱼际肌群产生复合动作电位的潜伏期、复合动作电位的最大振幅、神经传导速度和再生的神经纤维数目与自体神经移植组(F组)相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但分别大于未加细胞的支架组(D、E组),差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论用自体源SCs或BMSCs作种子细胞与去细胞同种异体神经支架,或自体源BMSCs与PLGA支架导管构建不同的组织工程化周围神经,修复猕猴4cm尺神经缺损均取得较好的效果。     

血管内皮生长因子基因治疗联合外科延迟法改善大鼠腹壁超范围轴型皮瓣成活的研究

目的探讨皮下注射血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）基因、外科延迟两种方法及其联合应用对大鼠腹壁超范围轴型皮瓣成活的影响。方法取雄性Wistar大鼠48只,体重400～450g,制作大鼠以腹壁浅动脉为血管蒂的8cm×8cm超范围轴型皮瓣模型。随机分为六组,每组8只,分别为空白对照组（A组）、术时基因治疗组（B组）、术前基因治疗组（C组）、单纯延迟组（D组）、延迟同时基因治疗组（E组）和延迟后基因治疗组（F组）。术后7d,计算各组的皮瓣成活率;取皮瓣组织标本行HE染色,检测平均微血管密度及内径;取皮瓣组织标本行VEGF免疫组织化学染色检测VEGF165的表达。结果各实验组皮瓣成活率均显著高于A组（P〈0.05）;实验组中,E组皮瓣成活率显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）,余各实验组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。微血管密度：B、C、E、F组显著高于A、D组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B、C、E、F组间以及A、D组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。微血管内径：D组显著大于E、F组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而D组和E、F组均显著大于A、B、C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。免疫组织化学染色示A组及D组有少量VEGF165沉积,染色深度明显浅于其他各组。B、C组和E、F组可见毛细血管内皮细胞胞浆内有棕褐色VEGF165抗原抗体复合物的沉积,染色较深,部分沉积物呈带状围绕血管腔。各组实验动物角膜层均未见新生血管。结论皮下注射pcDNA4-VEGF165和外科延迟均能有效改善大鼠皮瓣的成活,但二者作用机制不同,而延迟的同时皮下注射VEGF基因能进一步提高大鼠皮瓣成活率。     

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in peritoneal adhesion formation induced by ileal ischaemia/reperfusion

The effectiveness of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and allopurinol in prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation induced by complete vascular obstruction and reperfusion of an ileal segment was investigated in rats. The ischaemic period was 30 min. Group A (n = 20) were controls, group B (n = 15) received SOD 15,000 U/kg i.v. and group C (n = 17) the same dose of CAT immediately before induction of ischaemia. In group D (n = 20) DMSO 20 mg/kg was given i.v. 5 min before ischaemia, and group E (n = 20) received allopurinol orally 50 mg/kg daily for 2 days and also 2 hours before ischaemia. Ten days later adhesions had developed in 80% of group A, 40% of group B, 47% of group C and 45% of groups D and E (p less than 0.05). The severity of the adhesions was significantly less in the pretreated groups than in the controls. Oxygen-derived free radicals may be pathogenetically important for such adhesion formation. Xanthine oxidase is the principal source of oxygen radicals after a 30-min period of complete regional intestinal ischaemia.     

绞股蓝对紫外线照射无毛小鼠皮肤组织的影响

目的初步探讨紫外线(UV)照射对无毛小鼠皮肤组织线粒体DNA的影响,以及绞股蓝对UV照射是否具有保护和修复的作用。方法将昆明种无毛小鼠随机分成5组:正常对照组、照射组及照射加绞股蓝低、中、高剂量组。模拟日光中UV长期照射,同时给药组绞股蓝提取液灌胃。测定皮肤组织中线粒体DNA缺失情况。结果所有照射组小鼠皮肤组织中均存在线粒体DNAC(mtDNA,3867bp)大片段缺失,而正常对照组以及给药组中,中、高剂量组小鼠皮肤组织中mtDNA(3867bp)大片段缺失的发生率和缺失占总mtDNA的百分比均显著低于照射组(P<0.01)。结论绞股蓝可防止由UV照射引起的mtDNA损伤,对紫外线照射下的无毛小鼠皮肤具有保护作用。     

Postoperative change of serum protease inhibitor and C-reactive protein level--with special reference to surgical resection of liver cirrhosis]

Changes in the activities of blood protease inhibitors and acute-phase reactive substances during surgical resection of liver cirrhosis were investigated by measuring the pre- and postoperative blood concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2MG), pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent hepatectomy (Group A, n = 19), those without liver cirrhosis who underwent hepatectomy (Group B, n = 6) and those without liver cirrhosis who underwent surgeries other than hepatectomy (Group C, n = 5). On examining the preoperative blood levels of protease inhibitors, Group A had an increased level of alpha 2MG and a decreased level of UTI compared to Groups B and C. alpha 1AT and CRP began to increase on the first day following hepatectomy and formed peaks on the third postoperative day. The increases were significantly higher in Group B than Group A (p less than 0.01). To investigate factors causative of these differences, alpha 1AT and CRP on the third postoperative day were compared in relation to the time of operation, amount of intraoperative bleeding, weight of the resected liver and preoperative ICGR15. alpha 1AT and CRP were significantly correlated to only preoperative ICGR15. PSTI was increased postoperatively but showed no difference between Groups A and B.     

The effects of propofol with and without ketamine on human cerebral blood flow velocity and CO(2) response

The combination of propofol and ketamine has been used for total IV anesthesia. This study was designed to clarify the effects of propofol-ketamine anesthesia on cerebral circulation by using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. In Study 1, we examined the time course of time-mean middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (Vmca) after ketamine (n = 10) or saline (n = 6) administration during propofol anesthesia. In Study 2, CO(2) responses were measured under the following conditions: awake (Group C, n = 7), propofol anesthesia (Group D, n = 7), and propofol-ketamine anesthesia (Group E, n = 8). Ketamine administration during propofol anesthesia administration did not affect Vmca, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate. Vmca under normocapnia in Groups D and E were 36 +/- 3 and 37 +/- 3 cm/s (mean +/- SE), respectively. The values were significantly lower than that of Group C (70 +/- 3 cm/s). The CO(2) response slopes of Groups D and E were significantly lower than that of Group C, although there was no significant difference between Groups D and E. These results suggest that ketamine does not influence Vmca or the cerebrovascular CO(2) response during propofol anesthesia administration, although the sample size in each group was small. IMPLICATIONS: Our study suggests that ketamine does not influence middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity or the cerebrovascular CO(2) response assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during propofol anesthesia administration in patients without neurological complications.