Identification of multiple constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine formula Sheng-Mai San and rat plasma after oral administration by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS

Sheng-Mai San (SMS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in Asia over long period of time. While its effectiveness has been confirmed by clinical use, its active chemical constituents remain unclear. In this paper, an HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method is described for the efficient and rapid identification of the chemical constituents in SMS extract. MS/MS fragmentation behavior of authentic compounds was proposed for aiding the structural identification of the components. A total of 53 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of authentic compounds or literature data. HPLC/UV and MS techniques were employed to screen for the potential bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of SMS. Twenty-five compounds including 14 prototype components and 11 metabolites were detected in dosed rat plasma compared with blank rat plasma. This identification and structural elucidation of the chemical constituents in the medicine formula and rat plasma may provide important experimental data for further pharmacological and clinical research.     

黄连解毒汤各成分的HPLC-UV/MS定性与定量测定方法研究

目的建立可整体定性、多指标定量的黄连解毒汤的分析方法。方法使用HPLC-UV/MS方法,梯度洗脱黄连解毒汤样品及组方各药单煎样品,归属色谱峰来源,并对主要色谱峰进行定性、定量分析。采用Zorbax Extend C₁₈(150 mm×4.6 mm ID,5 μm)色谱柱;流动相Ａ为乙腈,Ｂ为水(含0.5%冰醋酸),流速1 mL·min^-1。紫外检测波长254 nm,正、负离子扫描获得质谱数据。结果归属了21个色谱峰的来源,发现两个可区分黄连、黄柏的特征峰,通过HPLC-UV/MS对其中11个主要色谱峰进行了指认,并以HPLC-UV对8种有对照品的成分进行含量评价。结论黄连解毒汤与组方各药单煎样品有较好相关性,建立的方法所测得液相色谱图特征性和专属性强,该方法结合含量测定为黄连解毒汤内在质量控制提供了更全面的信息。     

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Cephalotaxus sinensis from various sources by high-performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detection-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Selective and efficient analytical methods are required not only for quality assurance but also for authentication of Chinese herbal medicine. A simple, rapid and valid fingerprint method has been first carried out for the quality control of Cephalotaxus sinensis by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The characteristic analytical fingerprints of this plant extract showed 18 common peaks, and out of these, 10 compounds involving 2 new compounds were identified by comparing the retention time, UV and ESI-MS/MS spectrum of each standard with those of each peak separated by on-line HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Moreover, the effects of collecting locations, harvesting time, storage time, drying methods, and medicinal portions on herbal chromatographic fingerprints were examined by similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) along with markers. Using the reference fingerprint along with markers, the best harvesting time, cultivation location and medicinal part were determined. The results obtained suggest that the chromatographic fingerprint combining similarity evaluation and PCA along with markers or pharmacologically active constituents can efficiently identify raw herb of Cephalotaxus sinensis from different sources, which provide helpful clues to the study of plant's secondary metabolites and benefit quality control.     

血塞通注射液指纹图谱研究

目的采用超高效液相色谱-紫外检测器-质谱(UPLC/UV/MS)法对血塞通注射液进行指纹图谱研究,并对其有效成分进行定性。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈-10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液进行二元线性梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min。离子化模式为ESI+。结果得到了分离度和重现性均较好的血塞通注射液超高效液相色谱-紫外检测器-质谱指纹图谱,标示了8个共有峰。结论超高效液相色谱-紫外检测器-质谱法可以用于血塞通注射液的快速鉴定及质量控制。     

HPLC-TOF/MS快速鉴别白狼毒药材中的化学成分

目的 采用高效液相色谱飞行时间质谱(HPLC-TOF/MS)对大戟科白狼毒2种药材狼毒大戟和月腺大戟中的化学成分进行快速鉴别.方法 色谱柱:安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18(3.0mm×50 mm,1.8 μm),流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min-1,柱温20℃,紫外检测波长210 nm,进样体积5μL;飞行时间质谱采用ESI源,正离子模式监测,质量数扫描范围50～2 000.结果 从狼毒大戟提取物中得到23个稳定的色谱峰,月腺大戟提取物中得到26个稳定的色谱峰,并对其所代表的化学成分进行定性分析,发现狼毒大戟和月腺大戟中的化学成分有明显差异.结论 采用HPLC-TOF/MS可以快速鉴别大戟科2种狼毒药材中的化学成分,为狼毒药材的质量控制研究及临床合理应用提供依据.     

中药复方四逆汤化学成分的RRLC-TOF/MS分析

目的：通过高分离度快速液相-飞行时间质谱（RRLC—TOF／MS）联用技术定性分析中药复方四逆汤中的主要化学成分。方法：色谱分离采用资生堂CAPCELLPAK C18反相柱（50mm×2．0mm,2μm）,流动相组成分别为0．1％甲酸水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为0．25mL／min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果：在优化的液质联用条件下,通过飞行时间质谱鉴定出四逆汤中34个成分,并对其药材来源进行了归属。结论：通过RRLC—TOF／MS联用技术,为鉴定四逆汤中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

The simultaneous determination of coumarins in Angelica gigas root by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry

An high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS) based method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nine coumarin compounds, nodakenin (1), peucedanone (2), marmesin (3), decursinol (4), 7-hydroxy-6-(2R-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)coumarin (5), demethylsuberosin (6), decursin (7), decursinol angelate (8) and isoimperatorin (9) in the Korean medicinal herb, Cham-Dang-Gui, the dried root of Angelica gigas (Umbelliferae). The methanol extracts were analyzed by HPLC using a reversed-phase C18 column (5 microm, 4.5 mm x 250 mm) using a gradient acetonitrile-water solvent system at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The analysis of six coumarins (1, 3, 4 and 6-8) with DAD was done at 330 nm and showed excellent linearity (r(2)=0.998-0.999) in a range of 0.2-250 microg/ml for all the compounds. The average recoveries (n=3) were between 96.5% and 110.8%. Identification of each peak was also discussed with the electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS(n)). The amount of these coumarin compounds was evaluated in A. gigas samples. Meanwhile, three coumarins (2, 5 and 9) could not been quantified by DAD because these peaks were overlapped with others. Determination of these compounds could be successfully accomplished with the HPLC-ESI/MS in selected ion monitoring/selected reaction monitoring mode.     

Metabolite fingerprinting of Camptotheca acuminata and the HPLC–ESI-MS/MS analysis of camptothecin and related alkaloids

The major phytochemical constituents, namely, alkaloids, flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives, of leaves of Camptotheca acuminata were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in extracts of plants cultivated in Italy and collected at different growth stages. Alkaloids related to camptothecin were identified and quantified by HPLC coupled with ESI-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) employing, respectively, an ion trap and a triple quadrupole mass analyser. The fragmentation patterns of alkaloids related to camptothecin were analysed and a specific Multiple Reaction Monitoring HPLC–MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative determination of these constituents. The described method provides high sensitivity and specificity for the characterisation and quantitative determination of the alkaloids in C. acuminata.     

加替沙星主要相关杂质的分离和鉴定

目的加替沙星原料药中相关杂质的分离及结构鉴定。方法用液相色谱/质谱联用技术分离并鉴定加替沙星原料中的主要相关杂质,并合成了两个化合物:1-环丙基-6-氟-8-甲氧基-7-(1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸(简称DMP)和1-环丙基-6-氟-8-羟基-7-(3-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸(简称DMO)。比较合成的化合物与原料中相关杂质的液相色谱、紫外吸收光谱及质谱。结果相关杂质的分子量比加替沙星少14,即一个亚甲基,合成的DMP的液相色谱、紫外吸收光谱及质谱分析结果与原料药中相关杂质一致。结论确证了该相关杂质的结构为1-环丙基-6-氟-8-甲氧基-7-(1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸。     

Rapid simultaneous quantification of five active constituents in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after oral administration of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction

A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of five active constituents (including magnolol, honokiol, rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin) from Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) in rat plasma. After the addition of gliquidone as the internal standard (IS), plasma samples were prepared by one-step protein precipitation using methanol and separated by HPLC on a short reversed phase C(18) column packed with smaller particles (100 mm x 3.0 mm, 3.5 microm) using a mobile phase of methanol-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (70:30, v/v). Analytes were determined in a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in the selected reaction-monitoring (SRM) mode using electrospray source with negative mode. The method was proved to be rapid, sensitive, specific, accurate and reproducible and has been successfully applied to the determination of the five compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of low dose DCQD for pharmacokinetic study.     

A new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone glycoside in Chinese agarwood “Qi-Nan” from Aquilaria sinensis

A new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone glycoside, 2-[2-(4-glucosyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (1), was isolated from the high-quality Chinese agarwood “Qi-Nan” originating from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Glig. The structure including the absolute configuration of the sugar moiety was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR), MS analysis, PMP-labeling HPLC analysis methods, as well as comparison with literature data. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that chromone glycoside was discovered in agarwood, or even in the whole Aquilaria plants.     

中药复方二神丸主要化学成分的高效液相-飞行时间质谱分析

目的通过高效液相-飞行时间质谱（HPLC—TOF／MS）联用技术,对中药复方二神丸中的主要化学成分进行有效的鉴定。方法色谱分离采用资生堂Capcell Pak C18反相柱（3．0mm×100nmm,3μm）,流动相组成分别为0．1％甲酸水溶液和乙睛,梯度洗脱,流速为0．6ml／min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果在优化的液质联用条件下,通过飞行时间质谱鉴定出二神丸中21个成分,其中15种成分来自补骨脂,6种成分来自肉豆蔻。结论通过RRLC—TOF／MS联用技术,为鉴定二神丸中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

Qualitative and quantitative determination of ten alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicine Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang by LC-MS/MS and LC-DAD

An analytical method incorporating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with MS and UV-detection was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo. Ten alkaloids, including seven tertiary alkaloids and three quaternary alkaloids, were identified by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of authentic compounds. Furthermore, the collision-induced dissociations of the [M+H](+) and [M](+) ions were studied to clarify the MS behavior of the different types of alkaloids. In positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) all the tertiary alkaloids yielded prominent [M+H](+) ions and quaternary alkaloids yielded prominent [M](+) ions in the first order mass spectra. Fragments involving losses of H, CH(3), CO, H(2)O and OCH(3) were observed in the MS/MS spectra. In addition, quantification of the 10 alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo from methanol and ethyl acetate extract of different origins were performed by this method, which provides a new tool for the assessment of quality of Corydalis yanhusuo preparations. The method provides the best sensitivity and specificity for characterization and quantitative determination of the alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo so far.     

Chemical fingerprint and metabolic fingerprint analysis of Danshen injection by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS methods

HPLC–UV and HPLC–MS techniques were used in fingerprint analysis of Danshen injection and its raw materials (roots and rhizoma of Salvia miltiorrhiza). HPLC profiles of Danshen injections from a Chinese pharmaceutical factory and their raw materials were established as their characteristic fingerprint and employed to assess their consistency and difference. To develop the representative fingerprint of Danshen injection, 10 batches of samples were analyzed under the same HPLC conditions. The results showed that 10 batches of Danshen injections had very similar HPLC fingerprints. To characterize the major constituents of Danshen injection for quality control, 11 major chromatographic peaks were characterized by their MS spectra and comparison with the reference standards. Through comparison of the HPLC profiles of Danshen injection with its raw material, it was found that they are greatly different, which indicated the changes of major constituents in the course of preparation procedure. In addition, the rat's plasma was analyzed by HPLC–MS technique after intravenous administration of Danshen injection at different time intervals to explore the in vivo metabolism of the major active constituents. Except for protocatechuic aldehyde, the major phenolic acids in Danshen injection appeared in rat's plasma after intravenous administration, but quantity of each phenolic acids was very different from that in Danshen injection. With the administration time prolonged danshensu and salvianolic acid B disappeared quickly, salvianolic D, lithospermic acid and salvianolic A slowly decreased and maintained relatively high concentration after 30 min of intravenous administration. This indicated that polyphenolic acids were significant for biological acitivity of Danshen injection. It might be concluded that chemical fingerprint combined with metabolic fingerprint is a useful means to control the quality and to clarify the possible mechanism of action of herbal products.     

当归化学成分的HPLC-MS/MS分析

目的分析当归中的主要化学成分。方法采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用的方法对当归中一些主要化学成分进行定性研究，并对当归中苯酞类化合物的质谱裂解规律进行了初步探讨。色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2(250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm)，流动相为水(含甲酸0.5%)-乙腈(含甲酸0.5%)，流速为1.0 mL·min^-1，进样量为2 μL。质谱的离子源为电喷雾离子源，采用正离子模式。结果初步推测出阿魏酸、9个已知的苯酞类化合物和一个未知的苯酞二聚物的衍生物。结论通过液相色谱-质谱联用分析可获得苯酞类化合物的丰富的结构信息，为这些化合物的定性提供了一种快速有效的方法，也为当归药材的质量控制提供更多科学依据。     

荷叶化学成分的HPLC-TOF/MS分析

目的通过高效液相-飞行时间质谱（HPLC-TOF／MS）联用技术定性分析荷叶中的主要化学成分。方法色谱分离采用AgilentZorbaxSB-Aq（250mmX4．6mm,5μm）,流动相组成分别为乙腈和1．0％醋酸,梯度洗脱,流速为1．0ml／min,质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果在优化的液质联用条件下,结合数据库匹配技术和碎片离子分析,鉴定出荷叶中主要的生物碱类和黄酮类成分。结论建立了一种简单、可靠的HPLC-TOF／MS方法对荷叶中主要化学成分进行了鉴定。     

山楂叶化学成分的HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS分析

目的：通过液相色谱-二极管阵列光谱检测／电喷雾离子化质谱（HPLC—DAD／ESI—MS）联用技术定性分析山楂叶中的主要化学成分。方法：以60％乙醇回流提取山楂叶原药材,再经D101大孔吸附树脂纯化。高效液相色谱条件：使用YMCODS—C18（250mm×4．6mmi．d．;5μm）色谱柱进行分析,以乙腈-0．1％甲酸溶液（15：85v／v）为流动相,流速为0．6mL／min,检测波长为254nm。ESI质谱条件：负离子扫描模式,喷针电压3500V,毛细管电压-20V,干燥气（N2）压力21psi,扫描范围300—800amu,雾化温度300℃。结果：通过液-质联用技术以及紫外扫描,鉴定出山楂叶中11个主要化学成分。结论：通过HPLC-DAD／ESI-MS联用技术,为鉴定山楂叶中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS对黄芪药材中24种化学成分的快速分离与鉴别

目的：采用HPLC-ESI-TOF /MS对黄芪药材中的化学成分进行快速分离与鉴别。方法：采用Agilent poroshell 120 SB-C18（100 mm ×3 mm,2.7μm）色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速：0.4 ml·min-1,检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃,进样量：10μl ;使用ESI离子源,在正离子模式下采集数据,N2流速10 L·min-1,载气温度350℃,毛细管电压4 kV,轰击电压165 V,扫描质子范围m/z 100~1100。结果：HPLC-ESI-TOF /MS方法对黄芪药材进行了在线化学成分分离与质谱表征,一次性在一张图谱上共鉴别出黄芪中24种主要化学成分。结论：建立了一种基于HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS联用技术对黄芪中的化学进行快速、高效的分析方法,可为黄芪的药效物质基础和质量控制研究奠定基础。     

随机共振应用于人血浆中非那吡啶弱色谱信号的定量分析

目的运用随机共振法对湮没在噪声中的弱色谱峰进行定量分析。方法基于随机共振理论，通过优化系统参数和Runge-Kutta方法来提高信噪比的方式建立了能提高色谱检测限的随机共振算法，并应用于HPLC/UV法定量检测人血浆中的非那吡啶浓度。同时将该方法与HPLC/MS法进行了比较。结果实验数据表明非那吡啶的浓度与响应值之间的线性关系良好。通过两种方法分别测得的受试者的血药浓度数据说明了这两种方法差异无显著性意义。结论该方法是可行的。     

Determination of steroidal glycosides in Yucca gloriosa flowers by LC/MS/MS

An high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method, was developed for the quantitative analysis of the steroidal glycosides occurring in Yucca gloriosa flowers. The HPLC experiments were performed by means of an octadecyl-modified reversed-phase C-18 column and a binary mobile phase system under gradient elution conditions. The fragmentation patterns of steroidal saponins were analyzed by ESI–MSⁿ in positive ion mode and a specific multiple reaction monitoring MS/MS detection was developed for their quantitative determination. The described method provides high sensitivity and specificity for quantitative determination of the steroidal glycosides in Y. gloriosa flowers. Quantification was performed against an external calibration line obtained using each pure steroidal glycoside. Short- and long-term repeatabilities of the methods were better than 3 and 6%, respectively. The method was validated according to EMEA guidelines and applied to real samples.