Relationship between elastase and total antioxidant status in young subjects with recent myocardial infarction

In a group of young subjects with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (68 men and 7 women; mean age 39.6+/-5.7 years) we examined the plasma concentration of elastase, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and the total antioxidant status (TAS) at the initial stage of AMI. In this group we found an increase of elastase (p<0.001) and TBARS (p<0.001) and a decrease of TAS (p<0.001). A statistical correlation was observed in the whole group of AMI patients between plasma elastase and TAS (p<0.01) and this correlation was more statistically significant in patients with more risk factors and not in those with more involved vessels.     

Increased plasma level of soluble E-selectin in acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: E-selectin, also known as endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, is a member of the selectin family of adhesion molecules and is expressed on vascular endothelial cells in inflammatory reactions. The induction of surface E-selectin expression by endothelial cells is considered a marker of activation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the plasma soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) level in 41 patients within 6 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 37 patients with stable exertional angina and 27 control patients. Blood samples were obtained on admission, after reperfusion therapy, and at 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after admission in the AMI group. In this group, 21 patients had a history of prodromal unstable angina before infarction and 20 had sudden onset of infarction. The plasma sE-selectin level (ng/mL) on admission was higher in the AMI group than in the stable exertional angina group and control group (38.5 +/- 3.1 vs 28.5 +/- 1.5, P <.01, 26.0 +/- 1.8, P <.01, respectively). In addition, plasma sE-selectin levels were higher in the patients with AMI with prodromal unstable angina than in those with a sudden onset of infarction on admission (44.7 +/- 5.4 vs 32.0 +/- 2.1, P <.05). The plasma sE-selectin level decreased slowly during the chronic phase both in patients with AMI with prodromal unstable angina (from 44.7 +/- 5.4 to 33.8 +/- 3.4, P <.01) and those with a sudden onset of infarction (from 32.0 +/- 2.1 to 24.9 +/- 2.4, P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an increase of sE-selectin may reflect enhanced endothelial cell activation in patients with AMI. The higher sE-selectin level in patients with AMI with prodromal unstable angina may have been associated with repeated episodes of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.     

Predictive value of plasma apolipoprotein B in myocardial infarction in young subjects. Correlations with coronarographic data

In recent epidemiological studies, apolipoprotein-B (apo B), the main low density lipoprotein (LDL), was found to be significantly elevated in patients with early atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare plasma apo B in a population of men who had suffered myocardial infarction before 45 years of age (N = 31) with a control population (N = 22). In the coronary group, there were 27 angiographies between the end of the first and third month. The plasma lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation, cholesterol and triglycerides measured by enzymatic methods and apo B by Laurell's technique of immunoelectrophoresis. Our results showed significantly higher apo B in the coronary group (p less than 0.05). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL cholesterol were also significantly higher whilst high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower. In addition, apo B levels correlated with the severity of the coronary lesions on angiography. Therefore, the plasma apo B level is a good predictive indicator of the presence of early coronary atherosclerosis and its severity.     

Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in subjects with acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. METHODS: Serological evidence of H pylori infection was determined in 342 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted into the coronary care unit and in 236 population-based controls recruited from visitors to patients on medical and surgical wards. RESULTS: 206/342 (60.2%) of cases were H pylori positive compared with 132/236 (55.9%) of controls (P = 0.30). Age and sex stratified odds ratio for myocardial infarction associated with H pylori seropositivity was 1.05 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.53, P = 0.87) and this remained non-significant (P = 0.46) when other risk factors for ischaemic heart disease were taken into account using logistic regression analysis. H pylori seropositivity was not associated with several coronary risk factors in either cases or controls. CONCLUSION: No increase was found in H pylori seropositivity in subjects with acute myocardial infarction. This suggests that previous H pylori infection is not a major risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.     

性心肌梗死患者血浆脑钠肽含量的变化

目的：研究急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者与不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者血浆脑钠肽（BNP）含量的变化和临床意义。方法i选择我院60例AMI患者（AMI组）和58例UAP患者（UAP组）,检测两组入院时及入院2周后BNP水平,并进行比较分析。结果：入院时,AMI患者BNP水平明显高于UAP组[（1084．7±385．3）pg／m1比（72．57±3．35）pg／ml,P〈0．01];入院2周后,AMI患者BNP水平显著下降[（256．4±134．5）pg／m1],P〈0．01,但仍显著高于UAP组[（65．29±3．62）pg／ml],P〈0．01。结论：血浆脑钠肽水平可反映急性心肌梗死患者心功能恢复的程度,对改善心功能治疗有指导意义。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与心肌梗死的相关性

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与心肌梗死的关系。方法我院2012年1月至2013年12月间收治的40例心肌梗死患者作为心肌梗死组,选取同期行健康体检的正常人40例作为非心肌梗死组,比较两组血浆Hcy水平及治疗后心肌梗死组患者Hcy水平,分析心肌梗死危险因素。结果心肌梗死组患者血浆Hcy水平明显高于非心肌梗死组,治疗后,心肌梗死组Hcy水平较治疗前有明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);血浆Hcy高表达为心肌梗死独立危险因素。结论血浆Hcy水平与心肌梗死有一定的相关性,高Hcy为心肌梗死的独立危险因素。     

Haemorheological parameters in young patients with acute myocardial infarction

The role played by hemorheological alterations on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young patients remains a question of debate. We have carried out a case-control study of 84 AMI patients aged <45 years and 135 sex and age matched controls, in which blood viscosity (BV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte aggregation (EA) performed with the Myrenne (EA0, EA1) and the Sefam aggregometer (Ta, AI10, gammaD), erythrocyte deformability (ED) along with fibrinogen (Fbg), C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasmatic lipids i.e. total cholesterol (T-Chol) and triglycerides (TG) were determined. AMI patients showed higher, Fbg, TG, EA0, EA1, IA10, gammaD and lower Ta than controls (p=0.029, p<0.001, p=0.013, p=0.003, p=0.010, p=0.025) respectively. No differences in the other rheological parameters were observed. No differences in any rheological parameter were observed regarding the AMI type, number and score of stenosed vessels and the time elapsed since the thrombotic event. After multivariate adjustment, Fbg>380 ml/dl and TG>185 ml/dl were independently associated with a higher risk of erythrocyte hyperaggregability (OR: 5.5 CI 95% 1.04-29.27 and OR: 7.3 CI 95% 2.66-20.03) respectively. EA>8.85 was associated with a increased AMI risk (OR: 5.3 CI 95% 1.98-14.5). These results reinforces the view that in young AMI patients increased Fbg and TG may promote the development of ischaemic events not only through its known mechanism but also by altering rheological blood behaviour, mainly increasing EA.     

Fibrinolytic therapy in young women with acute myocardial infarction

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Previous studies found that women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive less aggressive therapy compared with men. We sought to determine the percentage of young women (12 hours after symptom onset) were the most common reasons for ineligibility.     

Haemorheological pattern in young adults with acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young people has recently received great attention. Its main characteristics include a typical risk factor profile and a good prognosis. We studied the haemorheological pattern (whole blood viscosity at high and low shear rates, plasma and serum viscosity, whole-blood filtration and erythrocyte aggregation) in 64 subjects, aged <46 years, with recent AMI. We observed marked alterations in blood, plasma and serum viscosity and whole-blood filtration. Subdividing the AMI subjects in accordance with the number of cardiovascular risk factors or the extent of coronary lesions, we did not observe any significative influence of these aspects on the haemorheological determinants, with the exception of low shear rate blood viscosity. The latter was in fact higher than in control subjects only in AMI subgroups with respectively more risk factors and more stenosed coronary vessels. Thirty-three AMI subjects were re-examined after three months and showed, on this occasion, a haemorheological pattern not significantly different from that of the first evaluation. These results demonstrate that in young subjects with AMI there is a hyperviscosity syndrome that persists during subsequent months, despite a good clinical course. Haemorheological impairment may unfavourably influence the long-term prognosis of AMI in young subjects and therefore, in our opinion, management should take into account the monitoring of the haemorheological pattern.     

急性心肌梗死患者血浆肾上腺髓质素与内皮素的测定及其临床意义

应用放射免疫法测定40例急性心肌梗死（AMI）和30例正常对照者的血浆肾上腺髓质素（ADM）和内皮素（ET－1）水平；同时，用彩色超声心动图测定40例AMI患者的左室射血分数。结果：AMI组血浆ADM水平显著高于正常对照（P＜0．05）；AMI患者按心功能分组，各组间血浆ADM差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。AMI组血浆ADM水平与ET－1呈显著正相关（γ=0.5743,P＜0．01），左室射血分数呈显著负相关（γ＝－0．6152，P＜0．01）。认为ADM参与了AMI及心力衰竭的病理生理过程，血浆ADM升高可能与ET－1升高有关。     

Increased plasma thioredoxin in patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Thioredoxin is an important biomarker for oxidative stress. We investigated whether thioredoxin levels were elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and were associated with the results of coronary reperfusion. METHODS: The present study determined plasma thioredoxin levels in 51 patients with AMI, 30 patients with stable exertional angina (SEA), and 30 patients with chest pain syndrome (CPS). Plasma sampling was performed on admission, at 12 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks in patients with AMI, and after admission in patients with SEA and CPS. RESULTS: Plasma thioredoxin levels on admission were higher in patients with AMI than in those with SEA and CPS. Plasma thioredoxin levels in patients with AMI were decreased in 12 h without further change thereafter. However, thioredoxin levels in patients with AMI remained higher than in those with SEA. In multivariate analysis, higher levels of thioredoxin on admission were a risk factor for failure in emergent reperfusion therapy in patients with AMI independent of other factors. CONCLUSION: Plasma thioredoxin levels are elevated in patients with AMI, and higher thioredoxin levels may predict subsequent failed coronary reperfusion therapy in patients with AMI.     

极年轻成人急性心肌梗死患者临床特点分析

目的比较40岁及60岁急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年5月因AMI在大理大学附属医院心内科住院患者277例,将其分为40岁和60岁两个年龄组,比较两组患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)危险因素、临床化验指标、左心室收缩功能、冠状动脉病变的严重程度(改良Gensini评分)等。结果 40岁组中男性比例、吸烟患者比例、高脂血症患者以及阳性家族史患者比例比60岁组更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。临床检验发现40岁组肾小球滤过率(eG:FR)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)均显著高于60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。40岁组和60岁组AMI患者冠状动脉造影结果比较发现,40岁组单支病变比例更高(P0.01),而60岁组三支病变比例更高(P0.01)。40岁组改良的Gensini评分显著低于60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 40岁组和60岁组AMI患者的传统冠心病危险因素、临床检查指标以及冠状动脉病变特点均有显著不同。     

Targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma fatty acids in acute myocardial infarction in young adults

Background and aimsAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young adults has distinct clinical features and risk profile as compared with that in elder adults. The pathophysiologic mechanism of AMI in young adults remains unclear. In this study, we used targeted metabolomics to measure metabolic profile and analyzed plasma fatty acids levels in young adults with AMI, seeking to determine whether circulating fatty acid metabolism was correlated with the occurrence of AMI in young adults.Methods and resultsConsecutive young and elder patients admitted to hospital for AMI were enrolled. Plasma samples of all participants were obtained after overnight fast and then measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based targeted metabolomic platform. A total of 201 plasma metabolites were measured using UPLC–MS/MS. Several plasma fatty acids were significantly altered in young AMI patients compared with control or elder AMI patients, which also showed significant prediction value for AMI in young adults. Percentage of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was decreased and long chain increased in AMI as compared with control. Moreover, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism (ALALAM) pathway metabolites were gradually increased in control, young, and elder AMI patients. Altered fatty acid correlation network further identified fatty acid metabolism disorder in AMI in young adults.ConclusionBy utilizing targeted metabolomic technique, we have found several altered fatty acids and respective pathways that show diagnostic value for AMI in young adults. SCFA and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) were differentially altered in AMI patients.     

急性心肌梗死患者血浆脑钠肽水平变化与急性室壁瘤形成的关系

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)后,急性左心室室壁瘤(LVA)形成患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)的动态变化及其与LVA形成和心功能状态的关系。方法首次前壁AMI患者64例,经左室造影(LVG)后分为LVA组(31例)和无LVA组(33例)。采血检测BNP,并于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完成后6个月时检测有创容积和压力各参数。结果LVA组AMI后6 h、第5天和第24周血浆BNP浓度均明显高于无LVA组(P<0.05)。PCI后即刻和术后6个月时,无LVA组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、室壁运动积分(WMS)和左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)各参数均高于无LVA组。LVA组BNP峰值水平与PCI后即刻LVESVI、LVEDVI、WMS和LVEDP呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与LVEF呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。LVA组MACE发生率明显高于无LVA组患者(P<0.05),且BNP峰值水平与主要不良心脏事件发生率显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论AMI后BNP的过度分泌参与了AMI后左室重构和LVA的形成,并影响着其后的心室功能。     

血浆凝溶胶蛋白在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中的水平及意义

目的分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血浆凝溶胶蛋白(p GSN)的水平,以及急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)对其影响,探讨其能否作为心肌梗死和心肌缺血再灌注损伤的血清标志物,及其对短期预后的影响。方法连续收集126例首次发生STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者和60例稳定性心绞痛并行择期PCI的冠心病患者术前即刻及术后90 min血清标本,另抽取30名无心肌缺血证据的健康者血清标本作为对照,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测p GSN浓度。p GSN在术前和术后的变化量记录为ΔG。STEMI组患者根据术后90 min心电图ST段回落程度分为ST段完全回落组(STR≥70%)和ST段不完全回落组(STR70%)。记录患者手术情况、实验室检查结果及3个月内所有心脏不良事件(MACE)。比较不同组间p GSN的水平差异,及其对预后的影响。结果 (1)p GSN基线水平在STEMI组明显低于稳定性心绞痛组和健康组[(104.51±35.91)ng/ml比(129.47±41.61)ng/ml和(138.17±43.43)ng/ml,F=9.641,P0.01],在稳定性心绞痛组和健康组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)p GSN在STEMI组术后90 min较术前明显下降[(95.42±36.50)ng/ml比(104.51±35.91)ng/ml,t=4.959,P0.01],而在稳定性心绞痛组PCI术前后水平无明显变化(P0.05);(3)STEMI患者中ΔG在ST段完全回落组低于ST段不完全回落组[(1.92±4.46)ng/ml比(5.37±5.14)ng/ml,F=0.938,P=0.007];(4)基线p GSN诊断STEMI的ROC曲线下面积为0.742(95%CI:0.638~0.826,P0.01),选p GSN=96.13 ng/ml为诊断界点时,对诊断STEMI的敏感度为54.8%,特异度为80.6%;(5)STEMI组有22例患者出现MACE,基线p GSN在MACE组明显低于非MACE组[(82.28±23.56)ng/ml比(108.35±30.13)ng/ml,F=0.281,P=0.021],ΔG在MACE组明显高于非MACE组[(6.87±6.22)ng/ml比(3.25±4.14)ng/ml,F=3.276,P=0.008]。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,基线p GSN是独立预测3个月内MACE的主要因素之一。结论 p GSN术后的水平变化能较好反映急诊PCI术后的心肌灌注水平,对短期预后具有一定的预测价值。     

Endothelial dysfunction in young patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Endothelial dysfunction may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), because they have different clinical characteristics compared with older patients. We investigated endothelial function in relation to AMI in this young age group. From January 2005 to March 2008, 29 of 31 consecutive patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who were <40 years old and received direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in the study. We compared the coronary risk factors and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery between the acute STEMI patients and 29 age- and gender-matched controls that did not have AMI. Baseline brachial artery diameter and responses to glyceryl trinitrate were similar between the two groups. In contrast, FMD was significantly lower in the young acute STEMI group than in the control (3.47 ± 4.08 vs. 7.45 ± 4.67%, p = 0.001) and correlated with the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score. The impaired FMD in the acute STEMI group was independent of smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nitrate use, or body mass index. In multiple logistic regression analysis, only FMD and age, not traditional cardiovascular risk factors, were found to be significantly associated with acute STEMI (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.90, p < 0.01). In conclusion, independent of conventional risk factors, severe endothelial dysfunction occurs in young acute STEMI patients and correlates with TIMI score. In addition to age, impaired FMD is the only significant factor associated with acute STEMI in this young population.