有限性椎板切除术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

采用有限性椎板切除术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症６８例，经术后平均２７个月的随访，优良率９４．１％。文中将退行性腰椎管狭窄症分为中央性腰椎管狭窄，侧隐窝狭窄，混合性狭窄。分别采用中央开窗、潜行扩大减压，一侧或双侧扩大开窗、侧隐窝扩大，蝶形扩大减压术。作者还对有限性椎板切除术的理论依据及减压范围进行了讨论。     

椎板节段开窗治疗腰椎管狭窄症的远期疗效

目的探讨分析椎板节段开窗减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的远期疗效及影响因素。方法1992~2000年连续收治的132例腰椎管狭窄症患者,男72例,女60例,年龄41~81岁,平均59岁。病程6个月~24 a,平均29个月。有不同程度的腰腿痛和间歇性跛行,伴有系统性疾病者为75.8%。影像学示退行性114例,发育性7例,混合性11例,其中11例伴有Ⅰ°退行性滑脱。结果随访48~142个月,平均78个月,优良率83.5%。3例Ⅰ°退行性滑脱患者进行了二次手术治疗。结论椎板节段开窗椎管潜行式扩大减压是治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的有效术式,远期疗效与腰椎不稳、年龄及手术技术相关。     

保留棘突的全椎板切除治疗腰椎管狭窄症28例体会

腰椎管狭窄是中老年腰腿痛的常见病因，经保守治疗无效后多需手术治疗。手术关键是彻底的椎管减压，同时尽量减少对脊柱稳定性的破坏。我们对传统的全椎板切除术进行了改进，即保留棘突等后柱结构，用以治疗多节段中央型腰椎管狭窄症，于1992—2001年共治疗此症28例，临床疗效满意。     

椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的长期随访观察

目的：分析椎板切除术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的远期效果及影响疗效的因素，方法：随访10年以上行椎板切除术的病人102例，应用JOA评分标准计算术后改善率，对术前下肢痛时间，年龄，是否合并间盘突出，椎板切除个数，术前JOA评分，患者职业等进行多元相关分析，结果：术后10年优良率73．52％，改善率与术前腰腿痛持续时间及是否合并椎间盘突出有显著性相关，年龄，椎板切除个数，术前JOA评分，患者职业等与率无明显的相关关系。结论：椎板切除治疗腰椎管狭窄症是一种可靠的手术方式，只要掌握好手术适应证，大部分病人可以得到较好的远期效果。     

有限椎板切除减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

退行性腰椎管狭窄症(LSS)的治疗一般采用传统的全椎板切除减压，切除范围较大，包括棘突、双侧椎板及部分关节突等，术后易引起脊柱不稳、硬膜外广泛瘢痕粘连继发医源性椎管狭窄等腰椎术后失败综合征。自1995年9月～2001年3月应用有限的椎板切除(保留棘突、棘上韧带、棘间韧带)椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症61例，其中9例同时行后路内固定植骨融合术，取得了满意效果。     

开窗减压术和椎板切除减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症临床疗效比较

目的比较选择性开窗减压术和保留棘突韧带复合结构的椎板切除减压术在治疗腰椎管狭窄的临床效果。方法回顾性分析43例腰椎管狭窄患者的临床资料,其中行选择性开窗减压术23例(A组),行保留棘突韧带复合结构的椎板切除减压术20例(B组),比较和评价两种手术方法在改善患者疼痛、跛行等临床症状方面的效果。结果手术情况:A组平均手术时间和平均住院时间较B组长,平均出血量少于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者均获随访,平均时间(23.6±2.4)个月。症状改善情况:A组下肢疼痛和麻木症状完全消失19例(82.6%),有不同程度的缓解3例(13.1%),基本上无改善1例(4.3%);B组完全消失17例(85.0%),缓解3例(15.0%)。A组跛行症状完全消失18例(78.3%),跛行症状基本消失仅偶尔出现者4例(17.4%),完全无缓解者1例(4.3%);B组跛行症状完全消失14例(70.0%),偶尔出现者6例(30.0%)。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后疗效评价:A组优14例(60.9%),良7例(30.4%),可2例(8.7%),优良率为91.3%(21/23);B组优13例(65.0%),良5例(25.0%),可1例(5.0%),差1例(5.0%),优良率为90.0%(18/20)。两组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=6.737,P=0.081)。结论选择性开窗减压术和保留棘突韧带复合结构的椎板切除减压术均为治疗腰椎管狭窄安全有效的手术方法,具体选择何种术式需要综合患者自身情况及病变程度、范围进行选择。     

椎板减压钛网椎管成形术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的中期疗效

目的　观察椎板减压钛网椎管成形术在治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的中期疗效。方法　选择2 8例退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者行椎板减压、钛网椎管成形术治疗 ,随访 3年～ 4年 6个月 (平均 4 1年 ) ,测量术前、术后 1年及术后最后一次随访时的腰椎管面积 ,记录患者主观对腰腿痛的Greenough和Fraser评分 ,进行统计学分析 ,比较术前、术后 1年及术后最后一次随访时上述数值的差异。结果　狭窄节段钛网椎管成形前横截面积为正常横截面积的 6 4 4 %± 9 8% ,术后 1年面积为 118 6 %±6 3% ,最后一次随访时为 12 1 9%± 10 1%。术前Greenough和Fraser评分为 2 6 3分± 6 9分 ,术后1年为 6 7 4分± 3 2分 ,最后一次随访时为 6 8 1分± 9 0分。椎管横截面积、Greenough和Fraser评分术后 1年与术后最后一次随访时比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但与术前比较差异均有显著性 (P<0 0 1)。结论　椎板切除钛网椎管成形术在治疗腰椎管狭窄症中 ,可以实现有效减压与脊柱稳定的重建 ,并可有效防止瘢痕组织对马尾与神经根的压迫 ,疗效满意 ,值得推广应用。     

开窗减压术和椎板切除减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的对比分析

[目的]比较双侧椎板间开窗减压术和保留棘突韧带复合结构目的全椎板切除减压术治疗以中央椎管狭窄为主目的腰椎管狭窄症目的疗效,并介绍保留棘突韧带复合结构目的全椎板切除减压术目的手术方法.[方法]10年间手术治疗有间歇性跛行症状目的以中央椎管狭窄为主目的腰椎管狭窄症患者93例;其中用舣侧椎板间开窗减压术治疗62例(开窗组),用保留棘突韧带复合结构目的全椎板除减压术治疗31例(保棘组).获随访82例(其中开窗组54例,保棘组28例),平均随访4年.以术后间歇性跛行足否消失做为减压是否充分目的标准,以术后遗留活动性腰痛做为术后腰椎不稳目的标准.[结果]开窗组术后间歇跛行消失40例(74.1%),残留活动性腰痛5例(9.3%).保棘组术后间歇性跛行消失23例(82.1%),残留活动性腰痛3例(10.7%).x2检验P值＞0.05.[结论]在对中央型腰椎管狭窄症[目的]减压果和对腰椎稳定性目的影响上开窗组和保棘组无统计学差异.两者目的减压效果均良好,对腰椎稳定性影响小.但保留棘突韧带复合结构目的全椎板切除减压术术野开阔、操作简单、不易损伤神经,是值得推荐目的手术方法.     

椎板部分切除和椎管扩大治疗腰椎管狭窄症

作者采用椎板部分切除、黄韧带切除和椎管扩大术治疗３８例腰椎椎管狭窄症。本法根据腰椎管狭窄症的病变特点，施行病变节段有限外科手术，直接切除导致狭窄的病理因素，既可获得减压作用又能保持腰椎的稳定。平均随访１４个月，优良率为８９．５％（３４／３８）。     

全椎板切除椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的　设计并临床应用全椎板切除减压椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄 ,观察其疗效。方法　全椎板切除去除狭窄因素 ,彻底减压 ,棘突椎板复合体旋转 90°横架于减压处 ,重塑椎管 ,术后随访 ,复查腰椎 CT。结果　随访 32例患者中 ,优良率 96 .9% ,未发生术后腰椎不稳及医源性椎管狭窄 ,取得较满意效果。结论　该术式弥补了椎板切除术的不足 ,操作简便易行     

Minimum 10-year outcome of decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted in patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. OBJECTIVES: To describe the long-term outcome of decompressive laminectomy performed for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, and to investigate preoperative factors that influenced outcomes, especially risk factors predisposing patients to poor results. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The success rate of surgical treatment of decompressive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis varies. Long-term follow-up investigations have indicated deterioration of outcome; however, the causes of deterioration have not been fully investigated, and there have been no reports with a minimum 10-year follow-up. METHODS: Of 151 patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy from 1980 through 1989, 37 were followed up for a minimum of 10 years. The mean age at surgery was 60.9 +/- 8. 2 years (range, 43-76), and the average follow-up period was 13.1 +/- 2.1 years (range, 10.1-17.4). The results were evaluated by the criteria of the Japanese Orthopedic Association Lumbar Score, and the outcome was classified as excellent at more than 75% improved score; good, 50-75%; fair, 25-49%; and poor, 0-24% or less. Information about impairment of activities of daily living was also obtained at follow-up. Associations between preoperative clinical and radiographic variables and clinical outcome were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: In all patients, the average score improvement of 55.2 +/- 31.6% was regarded as acceptable. The postoperative score and percentage of improvement of low back pain were lower than those of leg pain and walking ability. No impairment in activities of daily living was found in 62.2% of the patients. Rate of improvement was evaluated as excellent in 13 (35.1%), good in 8 (21.6%), fair in 8, and poor in 8 patients. Three patients required additional surgery because of disc herniation at the laminectomied segments. The patients with multiple laminectomy (P = 0.034) and more than 10 degrees preoperative sagittal rotation angle (P = 0.018) showed a significantly poorer outcome than the remainder of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up showed that even without spinal fusion, more than half the patients were evaluated as excellent or good. Patients with more than a 10 degrees sagittalrotation angle who need multiple laminectomy, should be given information about the possibility of earlier deterioration of the outcome, and alternative or additional treatment such as concomitant spinal fusion with decompression may be considered.     

The outcome of decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbar stenosis

The outcome of laminectomy for the relief of symptoms resulting from degenerative lumbar stenosis is not well established. Eighty-eight consecutive patients who had had a laminectomy for degenerative lumbar stenosis between 1983 and 1986 were studied. Eight of the patients had had a concomitant arthrodesis. The follow-up evaluation included a review of charts and standardized questionnaires that were completed by the patients. One year postoperatively, five patients (6 per cent) had had a second operation and five still had severe pain. By the time of the latest follow-up, in 1989, fifteen (17 per cent) of the original eighty-eight patients had had a repeat operation because of instability or stenosis; twenty-one (30 per cent) of the seventy patients who were evaluated by questionnaire in 1989 had severe pain. The factors found to be associated with a poor long-term outcome, defined as severe pain or the need for a repeat operation, or both, included co-existing illnesses (such as osteoarthrosis, cardiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or chronic pulmonary disease) (p = 0.004), the duration of follow-up (p = 0.01), and an initial laminectomy involving a single interspace (p = 0.04). We concluded that the long-term outcome of decompressive laminectomy is less favorable than has been previously reported, and that co-morbidity and a single-interspace laminectomy are risk factors for a poor outcome.     

保留棘突韧带复合结构椎管潜行减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨保留棘突韧带复合结构椎管潜行减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法回顾采用保留棘突韧带复合结构椎管潜行减压方法治疗的87例患者术后1年及3年的疗效,采用JOA评分,分析术前与术后1年和3年的疗效。结果术后1年和术后3年后的平均改善率为分别(84.0&#177;9.0)%和(85.4&#177;8.1)%,疗效对比无明显差异。结论保留棘突韧带复合结构椎管潜行减压既可对腰椎管狭窄进行减压,又可减少对腰椎稳定性的影响。     

Long-term evaluation of decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar stenosis.

One-hundred patients who had undergone decompressive surgery for lumbar stenosis between 1980 and 1985 were evaluated as to their long-term outcome. Four patients with postfusion stenosis were included. A 5-year follow-up period was achieved in 88 patients. The mean age was 67 years, and 80% were over 60 years of age. There was a high incidence of coexisting medical diseases, but the principal disability was lumbar stenosis with neurological involvement. Results were categorized as either a surgical success or a failure, depending upon the achievement of preset goals within the context of lifestyle and needs. There were no perioperative complications. Initially there was a high incidence of success, but recurrence of neurological involvement and persistence of low-back pain led to an increasing number of failures. By 5 years this number had reached 27% of the available population pool, suggesting that the failure rate could reach 50% within the projected life expectancies of most patients. Of the 26 failures, 16 were secondary to renewed neurological involvement, which occurred at new levels of stenosis in eight and recurrence of stenosis at operative levels in eight. Reoperation was successful in 12 of these 16 patients, but two required a third operation. The incidence of spondylolisthesis at 5 years was higher in the surgical failures (12 of 26 patients) than in the surgical successes (16 of 64). Spondylolisthetic stenosis tended to recur within a few years following decompression. To forestall recurrences, it is suggested that stabilization be carried out at levels of spondylolisthetic stenosis and the initial decompression include adjacent levels of threatening symptomatic stenosis. However, the heterogenicity of this patient population, with varying patterns and levels of symptomatic stenosis, precludes application of rigid surgical protocols.     

Clinical outcomes of microendoscopic decompressive laminotomy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

The goal of surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is to effectively relieve the neural structures by various decompressive techniques. Microendoscopic decompressive laminotomy (MEDL) is an attractive option because of its minimally invasive nature. The aim of prospective study was to investigate the effectiveness of MEDL by evaluating the clinical outcomes with patient-oriented scoring systems. Sixty consecutive patients receiving MEDL between December 2005 and April 2007 were enrolled. The indications of surgery were moderate to severe stenosis, persistent neurological symptoms, and failure of conservative treatment. The patients with mechanical back pain, more than grade I spondylolisthesis, or radiographic signs of instability were not included. A total of 53 patients (36 women and 17 men, mean age 62.0) were included. Forty-five patients (84.9%) were satisfied with the treatment result after a follow-up period of 15.7 months (12–24). The clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Of the 50 patients providing sufficient data for analysis, the ODI improved from 64.3 ± 20.0 to 16.7 ± 20.0. The JOA score improved from 9.4 ± 6.1 to 24.2 ± 6.0. The improvement rate was 73.9 ± 30.7% and 40 patients (80%) had good or excellent results. There were 11 surgical complications: dural tear in 5, wrong level operation in 2, and transient neuralgia in 4 patients. No wound-related complication was noted. Although the prevalence of pre-operative comorbidities was very high (69.8%), there was no serious medical complication. There was no post-operative instability at the operated segment as evaluated with dynamic radiographs at final follow-up. We concluded that MEDL is a safe and very effective minimally invasive technique for degenerative LSS. With an appropriate patient selection, the risk of post-operative instability is minimal.     

有限椎板减压内固定治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效分析

目的:探讨有限椎板切除减压内固定治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效.方法:2002年9月～2007年3月共收治45例退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者,男16例,女29例,年龄36～80岁,平均61.3岁,病程5个月～20年,平均16个月.依据Hansraj等的经典与复杂型腰椎管狭窄症分型标准及引起症状的"责任"部位,经典的腰椎管狭窄症患者采用有限椎板切除椎管减压术(A组,14例):复杂型腰椎管狭窄症患者行有限椎板切除椎管减压并脊柱融合内固定术(B组,10例)或行全椎板切除减压并脊柱融合内固定术(C组,21例).采用日本骨科学会(JOA)15分法及Eule法对术前和末次随访时的神经功能与自觉症状进行评估,计算改善率,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果:随访9个月～5年,平均3.4年,末次随访时JOA评分改善率A组58.2%±34.0%,B组61.7%±23.6%,C组56.4%±26.8%,优良率A组78%,B组80%,C组76%,三组间无统计学差异.Eule法评估除A组与C组分别有1例术后疼痛加重外,其余病例腰腿痛症状均改善.结论:有限椎板切除减压是治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的一种可靠术式,只要把握好手术适应证与减压范围,无论单纯有限减压还是减压并植骨融合内固定均可获得良好的疗效.     

Long-term outcome of decompressive surgery for Lumbar spinal stenosis in octogenarians

The purpose of our prospective study is to evaluate the surgical outcome among patients aged 80 years and above, who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. We assessed patients’ clinical and demographic data, procedures, perioperative complications, preoperative and postoperative pain intensity, basic activities of daily living (BADL), patients’ satisfaction, the need for repeated surgery, and overall mortality. Thirty-nine patients more than 80 years of age were operated in our institution in the last decade. Twenty-five of them were followed-up with a mean 36.8 months after the operation. The Barthel index was used to evaluate pre and postsurgery ADL, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain. The satisfaction rate of the patients before and after the operation and the complication rate were also evaluated. A significant reduction in VAS (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the Barthel index (P < 0.001) were recorded. Seventy-six percent of the patients were very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with the operative results. Fifty-two percent of the patients had complications (0.9 complications per patients), however, about half of them were minor. No operative or perioperative mortality was noticed and the overall hospital stay for these elderly patients was 3.6 days on average. Surgery in very old elderly patients is safe and effective in the treatment of spinal stenosis, who did not respond well to the conservative treatment. The surgery did not increase the associated morbidity and mortality and most of the patients benefited from the surgery in terms of reduction in pain, increase in ADL and walking ability and overall increase in the satisfaction rate. An erratum to this article can be found at     

椎板开窗减压Coflex动态固定治疗中度腰椎管狭窄症的疗效评价

【摘要】 目的：探讨椎板开窗减压Coflex棘突间撑开装置动态固定治疗中度腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法：2007年10月至2008年7月,采用椎板开窗减压后Coflex棘突间撑开装置动态固定治疗32例中度腰椎管狭窄症患者,均为L4/5节段。男14例,女18例,年龄38~60岁,平均47岁。对患者术前、术后及不同随访时间分别摄腰椎正侧位及动力位X线片,测量手术间隙椎间隙前、后缘高度,椎间孔高度及活动范围,同时对患者进行Os?鄄westry功能障碍指数（ODI）和疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评定。结果：术后随访19