食管憩室胸部X线平片及CT表现1例报告

患者男,68岁。因咳嗽、乏力、胸闷就诊。 胸部正侧位片：后纵隔心后T11椎体水平处见一大小约2．0cm×2．2cm的片块状影,密度不均匀（见图1,2）,考虑占位病变,建议CT检查。     

48例胸部外伤的CT及X线平片检查对比

目的：探讨ＣＴ在胸部外伤中的诊断价值。材料和方法：对４８例胸部创伤性进行回顾性分析，并对常规Ｘ线胸片表现琢ＣＴ表现进行比较。结果：４８例胸部创伤中，胸壁损伤２３例，胸膜损伤３２例，肺损伤１９例，纵膈损伤１例。     

Ewing肉瘤的X线平片、CT与MRI影像学分析

本文对36例Ewing肉瘤的X线平片、CT与MRI影像学表现进行了回顾性分析，认为X线平片在Ewing肉瘤的病变部位、骨质破坏、瘤骨、骨膜反应及软组织肿块等方面有一定特殊性。CT对显示髓腔内及软组织肿块等方面较X线平片清晰，但X线平片与CT常常低估病变的范围，MRI对早期检出病变致确定病变范围有明显优势。     

股骨头无菌坏死MRI与X线平片、CT的对比研究

目的 探讨磁共振成像在早期股骨头缺血坏死诊断中的作用。方法 比较50例64个股骨头缺血坏死X线平片，CT及MRI的表现及诊断结果。结果 在50例64个股骨头缺血坏死中，X线平片确诊其中的45个（70%），CT确诊49个（76%）；MRI发现所有病例的股骨头缺血坏死（100%），在MRI像上各组病例的T1WI，T2WI及STIR的表现各不相同。结论 MRI诊断早期股骨头缺血坏死较平片和CT敏感。     

股骨头缺血性坏死的早期X线平片、CT、MRI诊断

股骨头缺血性坏死是临床常见病之一，由不同病因所致，有较高的致残率，近年来由于自然环境的变化、饮食的改变、酗酒的广泛、外伤增多及滥用激素药物，其发病率日益增高。其早期可通过介入、核心减压，减轻患肢负重、楔形切除、中药等方法得到治疗，85％的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期有症状的坏死股骨头如不适当治疗将在2年内发生塌陷，必要时需要将整个股骨头置换。因而其早期诊断、早期发现至关重要。本文通过对20个早期股骨头缺血性坏死的X线平片、CT、MRI征象研究，探讨股骨头缺血性坏死的早期诊断。     

脊柱损伤的X线平片、CT、三维CT对比分析

目的对100例脊柱外伤患者的X线平片、CT、三维CT三种检查进行对比分析,评估在影像诊断中的价值。方法100例患者均经X线平片,螺旋CT扫描,其中84例(应临床,患者或病情需要)经多平面MPR重建,三维CT成像。结果100例中,X线平片阳性94例,CT阳性98例,而经多平面MPR重建,三维CT成像的84例全部为阳性。结论在脊柱外伤检查中,X线平片是首选检查方法,但CT优于平片,而三维CT是X平片和CT的重要补充。     

中老年人右上纵隔增宽的X线平片与CT对照分析

中老年人右上纵隔增宽较为常见，它可由多种病变引起，如何做出正确的判断，减少和避免更多不必要的检查及治疗，是值得注意的问题。笔者就工作中遇到的右上纵隔增宽病例分析如下。     

食管裂孔疝的螺旋CT诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT扫描对食管裂孔疝（EHH）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经上消化道钡餐造影或胃镜检查证实的25例食管裂孔疝的CT表现。结果：25例EHH螺旋CT扫描均清楚显示膈上疝囊,表现为食管裂孔上方层面后纵隔内大小不等的软组织密度结节或肿块影,通过食管裂孔与膈下胃腔相连续。其中结节型（〈3．0cm）13例,假肿块型（≥3．0cm）12例,增强扫描结节影或疝囊壁与膈下胃壁呈均匀一致强化。4例同时伴有网膜食管裂孔疝,18例（72％）EHH的膈肌脚间距增大。结论：螺旋CT对EHH检出率高,可以显示食管裂孔有无增大、疝囊的全貌以及合并症等,对发现NEHH以外的原因作胸部或上腹部CT检查的EHH病例有重要的价值,可作为上消化道钡餐造影和胃镜检查较好的补充检查方法。     

脑颜面血管瘤病的MRI和CT诊断

目的:探讨脑颜面血管瘤病的CT和MRI表现,并评价其临床价值。方法:回顾分析经临床和CT、MRI证实的8例脑颜面血管瘤病临床及CT、MRI资料。结果:CT显示患侧皮质钙化8例,脑萎缩6例,患侧脑室脉络丛增大1例,颅骨增厚2例。MRI扫描显示沿皮层弧形低信号3例,5例增强检查软脑膜呈线样强化。结论:CT对脑颜面血管瘤病的诊断有重要价值,MRI可以帮助诊断。     

Detection of recurrent rectal cancer with CT, MRI and PET/CT

Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) all have the potential to directly visualize local and distant relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the role of diagnostic imaging for routine follow-up of CRC patients remains controversial. Although MRI and PET have advantages over CT in the detection of local recurrence, until now only a few surveillance programs recommend the use of annual CT for routine follow-up. The objective of this review is to elucidate the current status of diagnostic imaging for the detection of recurrent rectal cancer based on the recent literature and our own experience. Furthermore, an insight into contemporary surveillance programs and an outlook concerning a novel technical approach to moving-table MRI at 1.5 Tesla for staging purposes are given.     

臂丛区神经源性肿瘤的X线平片、CT及MRI表现（附5例报告）

报道５例臂丛神经源性肿瘤，主要描述其影像学表现。５例中，男性４例，女性１例，年龄３２岁～６６岁，临床症状无特殊。影像学检查方法包括胸部正、侧位片（ｎ＝４），颈椎平片（ｎ＝３），ＣＴ扫描（ｎ＝４）及ＭＲＩ检查（ｎ＝４）。病变位于右侧者４例，左侧１例，均经手术及病理证实，其中神经鞘瘤３例，神经纤维瘤２例。普通Ｘ线表现包括肺尖区肿块（ｎ＝３），椎间孔扩大（ｎ＝１）。ＣＴ所见：肿块呈梭形（ｎ＝２）或哑铃状（ｎ＝２），平扫密度与肌肉ＣＴ值相近，注射造影剂后肿块增强幅度高于肌肉。ＭＲＩ表现：Ｔ１加权像上肿瘤信号与肌肉相近３例，略低于肌肉信号１例；Ｔ２加权像显示病变均为高信号。初步结论：根据病变的分布及上述影像学表现，臂丛神经源性肿瘤可于手术前做出诊断。     

Contrast-enhanced FDG-PET/CT vs. SPIO-enhanced MRI vs. FDG-PET vs. CT in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a prospective study with intraoperative confirmation

BACKGROUND: The choice of imaging before liver surgery is debated regarding the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET). No studies have compared contrast-enhanced PET/CT with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging. PURPOSE: To compare PET/CT with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging, PET, and CT in the detection of liver metastases (LM) and extrahepatic tumor from colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with suspected LM underwent PET/CT with a contrast-enhanced CT protocol and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. Readers independently analyzed images from MR imaging, PET/CT, and the CT part and PET part of the PET/CT study. Imaging findings were compared with surgical and histological findings. RESULTS: Lesion-by-lesion sensitivity and accuracy for liver lesions was 54% and 77% for PET alone, 66% and 83% for PET/CT, 82% and 82% for SPIO-enhanced MR imaging, and 89% and 77% for CT alone, respectively. CT and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging were less specific but significantly more sensitive than PET (P<0.0001). For extrahepatic tumor, sensitivity and specificity was 83% and 96% for PET/CT and 58% and 87% for CT, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging are more sensitive but less specific than PET in the detection of LM. PET/CT can detect more patients with extrahepatic tumor than CT alone.     

气管原发良性肿瘤：CT／MRI评价

气管原发良性肿瘤极为罕见。本文报道５例经手术及病理证实的气管原发良性肿瘤（平滑肌瘤２例，乳头瘤、息肉和软骨瘤各１例），其中３例行ＣＴ扫描，２例行ＭＲＩ检查。ＣＴ／ＭＲＩ均显示肿瘤起自气管壁，向腔内突出的肿块边界清楚。４例肿瘤阻塞气管腔超过７５％以上。２例肿瘤与气管壁有广基底相连，３例基底较窄，其中１例肿瘤穿过气管壁向腔外生长。本文描述了气管原发良性肿瘤的ＣＴ／ＭＲＩ特点，讨论了气管原发良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断要点。我们认为，ＣＴ／ＭＲＩ在气管肿瘤的评价中具有重要作用。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病:前10天的MRI和CT表现对比分析

目的：比较新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病前10d的MRI和CT征象，探讨更适合的检查方法。方法：回顾性分析和记录32例新生儿HIE的MRI和CT异常征象。结果：32例HIE患儿MRI均有不同程度的异常征象，主要表现为脑水肿28例，皮层下及深部脑白质斑点状和弯曲条状高信号（T1WI)15例，基底节及丘脑斑点状高信号（T1WI）9例，蛛网膜下腔出血或硬膜下血肿15例；CT仅27例有异常表现，以脑水肿为主要表现，仅见9例伴有蛛网膜下腔出血或硬膜下血肿。结论：新生儿HIE前10d MRI比CT能发现更多有价值的诊断征象，有助于早期准确诊断。     

CT及18F-FDGPET/CT诊断食管癌术前淋巴结转移及N分期对比研究

目的 研究CT及18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT术前诊断食管癌淋巴结转移及确定N分期的价值.资料与方法 连续随机选择经食管镜或胃镜证实、拟行手术治疗、能够耐受手术的47例食管癌患者,术前1周内行CT及18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以术后病理为“金标准”,比较CT及18F-FDG PET/CT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移及N分期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.结果 31例存在淋巴结转移,共切除并分离淋巴结387枚(209组),其中65枚(46组)发现转移.CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为53.8％、92.8％、86.3％、60.3％和90.9％;18F-FDG PET/CT分别为89.2％、93.8％、93.0％、74.4％和97.7％.PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性、准确性及阴性预测值均显著高于CT,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),特异性及阳性预测值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CT及18F-FDG PET/CT确定淋巴结分期的准确率分别为74.5％和91.5％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).伴淋巴结转移的食管癌原发灶最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)为( 14.899±3.770),而无淋巴结转移者为(9.427±2.854).结论 18F-FDGPET/CT术前诊断食管癌淋巴结转移及确定N分期优于CT;食管癌原发灶SUVmax在一定程度上可以反映淋巴结转移情况.     

Detection of recurrent ovarian cancer at MRI: comparison with integrated PET/CT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of recurrent ovarian tumor. METHODS: Thirty-six patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian carcinoma received both MRI and PET/CT for the evaluation of ovarian tumor recurrence. Recurrent ovarian tumors in abdomen and pelvis were classified based on site as follows: (1) local pelvic recurrence, (2) peritoneal lesion, (3) lymph nodal metastasis, and (4) distant metastasis. Patient-based and lesion-based analyses were retrospectively performed with the aim of detecting tumor recurrence. For the detection of recurrent ovarian tumors, we compared patient-based and lesion-based diagnostic accuracies of these 2 modalities using the McNemar test. RESULTS: Histopathologic, clinical, and radiological follow-up findings revealed recurrent ovarian tumors in 35 sites of 22 patients. These 35 sites consisted of local pelvic recurrence (n = 15), peritoneal lesions (n = 14), lymph nodal metastasis (n = 4), and abdominal wall metastasis (n = 2). In detecting recurrent ovarian tumor, patient-based sensitivity and the accuracy of PET/CT and MRI were 73% and 91% (P < 0.05), and 81% and 89% (P > 0.05), respectively. In addition, overall lesion-based sensitivity of PET/CT and MRI were 66% and 86%, respectively (P < 0.05). In detecting peritoneal lesions, overall lesion-based sensitivity and accuracy of PET/CT and MRI for peritoneal lesions were 43% and 86%, and 75% and 94%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than PET/CT for detecting local pelvic recurrence and peritoneal lesions of recurrent ovarian tumors.