广州市区青少年哮喘和过敏性疾病流行变化趋势调查

目的了解广州市区青少年哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹的患病率变化趋势.方法按照儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病的国际间对比研究（ISAAC）阶段Ⅲ方案,对广州市4个中心城区10所中学的3516名13～14岁青少年进行横断面问卷调查,并将结果与1994～1995年ISAAC阶段Ⅰ作对比.结果书面问卷中,近12个月喘息和运动后喘息症状的患病率,分别由阶段I的3.4%和17.4%上升为阶段Ⅲ的4.8%和23.4%（P〈0.01）,而医生诊断哮喘的患病率（阶段Ⅰ为3.9%,阶段Ⅲ为4.6%）在两阶段间比较差异无统计学意义.录像问卷中,阶段Ⅲ的近12个月休息时喘息和运动后喘息患病率分别为3.8%和11.3%,也高于阶段Ⅰ的2.0%和6.9%（均P〈0.01）.无感冒时有鼻炎和鼻结膜炎症状的近12个月患病率,分别由阶段Ⅰ的39.5%和8.7%上升为阶段Ⅲ的45.5%和11.1%（均P〈0.01）;同时,医生诊断为季节性花粉过敏和过敏性鼻炎的患病率,分别由阶段Ⅰ的2.9%和17.4%上升为阶段Ⅲ的4.1%和22.7%（均P〈0.05）.近12个月湿疹症状的患病率,由阶段Ⅰ的1.3%上升为阶段Ⅲ的2.2%（P〈0.01）,而医生诊断湿疹的患病率,两阶段间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.男性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹的近12个月症状及医生诊断患病率上升的幅度均较女性明显.结论广州市13～14岁青少年哮喘及过敏性鼻炎、湿疹患病率均较7年前高,且以男性上升明显.     

The prevalence of allergic diseases among Croatian school children according to the ISAAC Phase One questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in children has been increasing worldwide over the past decades. The ISAAC Phase I results supplies valuable information on the worldwide variations in the prevalence of these diseases. Although ISAAC Phase I was completed in 56 countries, not all regions of Croatia were covered. Because of Croatia's high regional diversity, the aim was to explore the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjuctivitis, and atopic eczema symptoms in the Medimurje region in northern Croatia and compare the results with data from other regions in Croatia and other countries. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study was undertaken between January and April 2005 among 12- to 14-year-old children in 27 elementary schools. Data were collected using the standardized ISAAC written and asthma video questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 3111 children participated in the study, with a participation rate of 94.33%. 27.6% of the children had symptoms of allergic diseases at some time in their life. Estimated lifetime (ever) prevalence of symptoms were: wheezing 11.86%, allergic rhinitis symptoms 12.21%, and atopic dermatitis symptoms 7.01%. Estimated 12-month prevalence rates were: wheezing 5.11%, allergic rhinitis symptoms 10.87%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 7.14%, and atopic dermatitis symptoms 5.34%. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous studies conducted in other Croatian regions (the city of Zagreb and a northern Adriatic region) using similar methods, the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was lower than in the northern Adriatic region but comparable with that in the city of Zagreb, and of atopic dermatitis symptoms in the same range.     

Prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and atopic eczema in secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study was part of the effort of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee to evaluate the epidemiology of asthma and allergic diseases around the world. Three thousand and fifty eight randomly selected children aged 13-14 years were studied, using a standard questionnaire developed and field tested by the ISAAC Steering Committee, to establish the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema. Of the 3,058 children, there were 1,659 (54.3%) females and 1,399 (45.7%) males (F:M ratio 1.2:1). The cumulative prevalence rates of wheezing, rhinitis other than common cold, and symptoms of eczema were 16.4%, 54.1% and 26.1%, respectively while within the immediate 12-month period, the rates were 10.7%, 45.2% and 22.4%, respectively. However, rhinitis associated with itchy eyes (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) was reported by 39.2% of the school children. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 18.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a higher prevalence of wheezing and rhinitis was associated with itchy eyes. The prevalence of severe symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were higher when compared with a similar study in Kenya. However, the prevalence of symptoms of asthma was lower and that of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis higher in our series. There is a need for further studies to investigate the risk factors which might be responsible for the apparently different patterns in these two African countries.     

Asthma prevalence in Melbourne schoolchildren: have we reached the peak?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the change in prevalence of asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis in Australian schoolchildren between 1993 and 2002. DESIGN: Questionnaire based survey, using the protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood. SETTING: Metropolitan Melbourne primary schools within a 20 km radius of the GPO in 1993 and 2002. SUBJECTS: All children in school years 1 and 2 (ages 6 and 7) attending a random sample of 84 schools in 1993 and 63 schools in 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parent-reported symptoms of atopic disease; treatment for asthma; country of birth. RESULTS: There was a 26% reduction in the 12-month period prevalence of reported wheeze, from 27.2% in 1993 to 20.0% in 2002. The magnitude of reduction was similar for boys (27%) and girls (25%). The 12-month period prevalence of reported eczema increased from 11.1% in 1993 to 17.2% in 2002, and rhinitis increased from 9.7% to 12.7%. There were reductions in the proportion of children attending an emergency department for asthma in the previous year (3.6% to 2.3%), the proportion admitted to hospital (1.7% to 1.1%) and the proportion taking asthma medication (18.5% to 13.4%). Of those who reported frequent wheeze, there was an increase in the proportion taking regular inhaled steroids (34.5% to 40.9%). CONCLUSION: There has been a significant reduction in the prevalence of reported asthma in Melbourne schoolchildren, whereas the prevalence of eczema and allergic rhinitis has continued to increase.     

从化农村地区哮喘和过敏性疾病患病率的差异调查

目的 了解从化农村地区哮喘及过敏性疾病的患病情况。方法 采用国际间哮喘儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病的对比研究(ISAAC),问卷调查方案,调查从化5841名13-14岁儿童患病情况。结果 从化地区哮喘病史和近期喘息患病率为3.4％和1.6％,工业区为4.4％和2.1％,显著高于非工业区的2.3％和1.1％(P＜0.01)。...     

Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema among children in 2 Canadian cities: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood

BACKGROUND: Wide variations in the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema have been reported between regions within Canada and between different countries. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was developed to provide a standardized tool and methodology to ascertain the prevalence of asthma and allergies in different regions. Comparisons of prevalence rates across geographic regions and at different times may help to identify factors that contribute to the development of these conditions in individuals. METHODS: Two Canadian centres, Hamilton and Saskatoon, participated in the ISAAC. A standard questionnaire was distributed through schools and completed by 13- and 14-year-old children and by the parents of 6- and 7-year-old children. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for asthma, wheezing, rhinitis and eczema. RESULTS: The overall response rates were 75.1% among the children 6 and 7 years old and 68.6% among those 13 and 14 years old. Among the younger children, the lifetime prevalence of asthma was 17.2% in Hamilton and 11.2% in Saskatoon; the corresponding rates among the older children were 19.2% and 12.2% respectively. The prevalence of wheezing in the 12 months before the survey in the younger group was 20.1% in Hamilton and 14.1% in Saskatoon; in the older group it was 30.6% and 24.0% respectively. The prevalence of rhinitis in the 12 months before the survey was 28.6% in Hamilton and 22.6% in Saskatoon in the younger group and 45.8% and 33.8% respectively in the older group. The prevalence of eczema was slightly higher in Saskatoon in both age groups. INTERPRETATION: High prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis and eczema exist among school children in Hamilton and Saskatoon, similar to rates in other Western countries. Further studies are required to determine the factors associated with the high rates in the 2 regions and possible reasons for the higher rates in Hamilton.     

Asthma among school children in the Barwon region of Victoria

OBJECTIVES: To determine (i) the relationship between asthma management and socioeconomic status; (ii) whether recent estimates from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) conducted in Melbourne apply to a broader cross-section of Victorian children; and (iii) age-related trends in asthma prevalence. DESIGN: A questionnaire survey, based on the ISAAC protocol. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Subjects were children aged 4-13 years from a random sample of primary schools in the Barwon region of Victoria. The survey was conducted between March and September 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parent-reported wheeze and wheeze-related use of health resources during the preceding 12 months. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned by 7813/9258 students (84%). Lower socioeconomic status was associated with increased frequency of regular asthma reviews (P < 0.01 for trend), but not of emergency department visits (P = 0.19). The prevalence of wheeze among 6- and 7-year-old children in the Barwon region was similar to that in Melbourne children (20.2% v 20.0%, respectively).There was an age-related increase in the proportion of children with > or = 12 episodes of wheeze (P = 0.01); but an age-related decrease in emergency department visits (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Disadvantaged children have good access to regular asthma reviews and are no more likely to attend an emergency department with an episode of acute wheeze. Asthma prevalence in 6- and 7-year-old children in the Barwon region is similar to that in Melbourne. The prevalence of children with very frequent wheeze increases with age, but their use of health resources decreases.     

杭州市萧山区0.5~12岁儿童特应性皮炎流行病学调查

目的：了解杭州市萧山区0.5~12岁儿童特应性皮炎（AD）最新的患病情况。 方法：2022年4月至2022年8月选择杭州市萧山区北干街道作为调查点,以0.5~12岁儿童为调查对象,通过整群抽样的方法确定具体对象,以预防接种门诊、儿保门诊以及幼儿园、小学为调查现场。采用问卷与体检相结合的方式,进行特应性皮炎及相关因素的流行病学调查。 结果：共回收有效调查问卷14313份,年龄0.5~12岁。符合AD诊断标准者共1259例,其中男676例,女583例。总的患病率为8.80%,男性患病率为9.18%,女性患病率为8.39%。患病率经过标化后,总标化患病率为8.794%,男性标化患病率为9.039%,女性标化患病率为8.392%,两者间标化患病率差异没有显著性（P>0.05）。随年龄增长,AD的总体患病率逐步降低,同时患儿数量随发病年龄的增长而显著减少。年龄与合并过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、曲侧皮肤受累史、花粉过敏、尘螨过敏、一级亲属有特应性疾病史等因素有显著相关性（P<0.05）。发病年龄与合并过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、食物或药物过敏史、一级亲属有特应性疾病史的比例有显著相关性（P<0.05）。 结论：2022年4-8月所调查的杭州市萧山区0.5~12岁儿童AD的标化患病率为8.794%,相较以往的AD流行病学调查数据呈现上升趋势,且AD患病率与年龄呈显著的负相关。     

上海市普陀区长征镇学生过敏性疾病流行病学调查

目的了解上海市普陀区长征镇中小学生过敏性疾病患病率及治疗状况。方法采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergiesin Childhood,ISAAC）第一阶段调查问卷为基础问卷;哮喘控制测试（Asthma ControlTest,ACT）进行疾病严重度评估。2007年4-5月对上海市普陀区长征镇5807名中小学生进行哮喘、变应性鼻炎、湿疹的问卷调查。结果患过敏性疾病者599例,患病率为10.31%,其中哮喘患病率为4.84%,男女比例为1.68∶1;变应性鼻炎和湿疹的患病率分别为7.44%和0.83%。哮喘患者中有家族史的占17.57%,哮喘合并变应性鼻炎者147例,占52.31%。多数哮喘患者不用药,ACT评分在20～24分的患者中不用药者占87.30%,使用吸入糖皮质激素（inhaled corticosteroid,ICS）治疗者为3.17%;ACT评分≤19分的患者中有55.60%不用药,吸入糖皮质激素占22.20%。变应性鼻炎患者中有34.97%不用药,单鼻用皮质类固醇者占23.78%,单口服抗组胺药者占16.78%,联合鼻用皮质类固醇＋口服抗组胺药治疗者为4.20%。结论上海普陀区长征镇中小学生哮喘患病率与2002年上海地区调查的哮喘患病率比较无明显上升。变应性鼻炎的患病率较低。多数哮喘、变应性鼻炎患者治疗是不规范的。     

中国0～18岁人群特应性皮炎患病率及影响因素的meta分析

目的:系统评价我国0～18岁人群特应性皮炎患病情况。方法:计算机检索数据库(中国知网、万方、维普、SinoMed、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library),搜集我国0～18岁人群特应性皮炎患病率及影响因素相关的文献至2022年3月8日。由两位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料及质量评价,对符合标准的文献采用Stata 16.0及Revman 5.4.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入29篇研究,包括182 656例研究对象,男66 502人,女63 437人。Meta分析结果显示,中国0～18岁人群特应性皮炎总患病率11%[95%CI(9%,12%)]。各影响因素合并值为：家族过敏史[OR=2.6, 95%CI(2.41,2.8)]、年龄[OR=0.89,95%CI(0.85,0.94)]、性别[OR=1.63,95%CI(1.12,2.3)]、父母文化程度高[OR=1.62,95%CI(1.39,1.90)]、孕期母亲吸烟[OR=1.72,95%CI(1.49,2.00)]、怀孕前或孕期装修房屋[OR=0.92,95%CI(0....     

社区儿童哮喘发病相关因素调查及综合干预评价

目的探讨社区儿童哮喘发病的相关因素,评价社区综合干预在儿童哮喘防治中的作用。方法对社区中2837名0～14岁儿童进行哮喘筛查,共筛查出65例哮喘患儿,采用自编问卷调查表进行回顾性调查,并将65例哮喘儿童随机分为干预组35例,对照组30例,对照组给予常规治疗,干预组在常规治疗的基础上给予社区综合干预措施,即健康教育、规范化管理及跟踪随访,随访期限为1年,比较两组哮喘发作频率及程度。结果该社区中儿童哮喘的发病率为2.3%,以春季最多见,占47.7%(31例);哮喘患儿首次出现喘息的年龄<3岁者占72.3%(47例);诱发因素以呼吸道感染最多见,占65.2%(38例);家族中有哮喘及其他过敏史者分别为23.0%(15例)和16.9%(11例),患儿有湿疹和/或过敏性鼻炎等过敏史者占29.2%(19例)。经社区综合干预后,哮喘的发作次数、发作程度均明显改善。结论哮喘发病与发病年龄、季节、家族史及个人过敏史等多种因素密切相关;应改善儿童的居住环境,积极防治儿童早期呼吸道感染,早期诊断和社区综合干预是儿童哮喘防治的有效措施。     

Paediatric food allergy trends in a community-based specialist allergy practice, 1995-2006

OBJECTIVE: To examine changing demand for specialist food allergy services for children aged 0-5 years over the 12 years from 1995 to 2006 as an index of changing prevalence. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of the records of 1489 children aged 0-5 years referred to a community-based specialist allergy practice in the Australian Capital Territory (population, about 0.33 million). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trends in demand for assessment for food allergy, dietary triggers and severity over 12 years, compared with Australian hospital morbidity data. RESULTS: 47% (697/1489) of 0-5 year-old children seen in private practice had food allergy (175 with food-associated anaphylaxis), most commonly to peanut, egg, cows milk and cashew. Over 12 years, the number of children in this age group evaluated each year increased more than fourfold, from 55 cases in 1995 to 240 in 2006. There was no change in the proportion diagnosed with allergic rhinitis in 1995 and 2006 (14.5% and 13.3%, respectively), urticaria (14.5% and 12.9%) or atopic eczema (54.5% and 57.0%). By contrast, the proportion with asthma dropped from 33.7% in 1995 to 12.5% in 2006 and the number with food allergy increased 12-fold, from 11 to 138 patients (and from 20.0% to 57.5% of children seen) The number with food anaphylaxis increased from five to 37 children (9.0% to 15.4%) over the same period. There were similar trends in age-adjusted Australian hospital admission rates for anaphylaxis in children aged 0-4 years, which increased from 39.3 to 193.8 per million population between the financial years 1993-94 and 2004-05, a substantially greater increase than for older age groups, or for the population as a whole (36.2 to 80.3 per million population). CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need for coordinated systematic studies of the epidemiology of food allergy in Australia, to ascertain risk factors and guide public health policy. An increased prevalence of food allergy has implications for public health and medical workforce planning and availability of allergy services in Australia.     

Pediatric allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis

Objective: To assess the relationship between allergic conjunctivitis(AC) and allergic rhinitis(AR) in pediatric ophthalmology and E.N.T outpatient clinic. Methods:Eight hundred and ninety two patients were enrolled in survey during Mar. 2005～ Jan. 2007, 407 allergic conjunctivitis cases were placed in the ophthalmology clinic group and 485 allergic rhinitis cases were from the E.N.T clinic. The comorbid disorders, histories, symptoms, signs of patients were recorded. Type 1 allergy was tested in 479 cases by a specific IgE antibody blood test. Eosinophils were detected in superficial conjunctival scrapings of the superior tarsal conjunctiva and mucosa surface scrapings of middle nasal meatus in 88 cases with both diseases. Results:302(74%), 374(92%), 116(29%) in 407 cases with allergic conjunctivitis had concomitant eczema, rhinitis and asthma, respectively; 334(69%), 430(89%), 145(30%) in 485 cases with allergic rhinitis had concomitant eczema, allergic conjunctivitis and asthma, respectively. The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis concomitant allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis concomitant allergic conjunctivitis had no significant difference(x2=2.6, P > 0.05). The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis concomitant eczema and asthma also had no significant difference (x2=3.08; x2=0.21, P > 0.05). The degree of severity of two kinds of disease symptoms is not parallel, in the patients with seasonal allergic conjuctivitis(SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis(PAC), the clinical signs of AR were always severer(x2=258.2, P < 0.05) than those of AC. However, the results coincided with the cases with vernal keratoconjuctivitis(VKC)(x2=66.5, P < 0.05); Eosinophils were revealed in 50(57%) conjunctival scrapings and nasal mucosa scrapings(x2=1.5, P > 0.05), 47(53%) cases had positive results in both scrapings. The main aeroallergens were house dust mites, house dust and fungi, and the main food-allergens were fish, crab and shrimp. Conclusion:The two disorders were shown to share more similarities than differences, as suggested that allergic conjunctivitis should be considered in future guidelines on preventing the development of rhinitis and asthma in children.     

铜陵地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的变应原谱研究

目的分析铜陵地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的变应原谱特征,为本地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法选择患有儿童哮喘和(或)变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎等患儿50例,男性31例,女性19例,平均年龄(6.32±3.13)岁。所有对象均选用20种变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,以组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果铜陵地区吸入性变应原以粉尘螨的阳性率最高为84%,其次是户尘螨阳性率82%、猫毛和狗上皮阳性率54%。食入性过敏原以海虾的阳性率最高62%,其次为牛肉和鸡蛋黄阳性率58%、花生阳性率56%。儿童哮喘、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎患儿均以尘螨类过敏最为常见。结论过敏性因素是儿童过敏性疾病的重要诱发因素,铜陵地区最常见的变应原是尘螨类、狗猫皮毛类和海虾、牛肉,可通过皮肤点刺试验明确过敏原,有助于对儿童常见呼吸道过敏性疾病进行早期诊断及早期干预。     

过敏性疾病的自然进程及干预

诸多研究表明,儿童时期变应性疾病的发生和发展遵循一定规律,通常称作过敏性疾病疾病的自然进程,即在特定的年龄阶段,先后出现特征性的变态反应临床表现,并且持续多年,随着年龄的增长,某些临床表现可能占据主导地位,而其他的则可能减轻或完全消失。一般而言,特异性皮炎首先出现,随之发展为变应性鼻炎和哮喘。全球过敏性疾病疾病发病率的日益增高已经成为一个威胁社会公共卫生健康的严重问题,因此,对该类疾病的深入研究显得愈发重要,了解其自然规律、发病机制对采取有效干预措施以阻断其自然发展进程、判断疾病预后和对高危患儿提供建议具有重要意义。     

Asthma and hayfever in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in non-remote rural towns

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and risk factors for wheeze, asthma diagnosis and hayfever in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in rural towns in Australia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in two towns in rural NSW, Australia, 1997. PARTICIPANTS: Primary school children (aged 7-12 years) classified by their parents as being of Aboriginal (n = 158) or of non-Aboriginal (n = 1,282) origin. Main outcome measures: Atopy measured by skinprick tests and respiratory symptoms measured by parent-completed questionnaire. RESULTS: Aboriginal children were less likely to be atopic (36.2% v 45.6%; 95% CI for the difference, -17.6 to -1.3) and to have hayfever (23.3% v 35.2%; 95% CI for the difference, -19.1 to -4.6) than non-Aboriginal children, but were equally likely to have had wheeze (31.0% v 27.3%) and asthma (39.4% v 39.3%). Among Aboriginal children, having had bronchitis before age two was a strong risk factor for wheeze (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 9.3; 95% CI, 2.8-30.2) and asthma (aOR, 19.3; 95% CI, 4.7-79.3) and having a parent with hayfever was a strong risk factor for hayfever (aOR, 17.9; 95% CI, 3.5-90.8), but these risk factors were weaker among non-Aboriginal children. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma and wheeze are equally prevalent in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in the same towns, but appear to have a different aetiology.     

腺样体肥大儿童伴变应性鼻炎与分泌性中耳炎的相关性分析

目的分析腺样体肥大儿童伴分泌性中耳炎（OME）与变应性鼻炎（AR）发病的相关性。方法回顾性分析12岁以下870例腺样体肥大患儿的病史,分析AR、咽鼓管功能不良及OME的相关性。结果本组腺样体肥大患儿中AR发病率为30．11％,AR在不同年龄组中的发病率差异有统计学意义,随着年龄增加,发病率逐渐升高（P〈0．01）。6岁以内发生咽鼓管功能障碍及OME的概率高,其中1～3岁组发生分泌性中耳炎的概率最大（P〈0．01）。春季OME发病率高（P〈0．001）。与不伴AR患者相比,伴有AR患儿患咽鼓管功能不良的概率增加了0．4倍（P=0．042）;但患有OME的检出率减少了32％（P=0．0472）。结论在腺样体肥大患儿中,多种因素使咽鼓管功能不良乃至OME高发。其中咽鼓管及其周围结构生理、病理、发育特点是最主要的因素,变态反应是次要影响因素。随着年龄增长,前者因逐渐发育完善,致病性降低,后者致病性增高,但总的发病率是逐渐降低的。     

温州城区儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的：了解温州市城区儿童支气管哮喘的患病率、发病危险因素、诱发因素及诊疗情况,为儿童哮喘的防治提供依据。方法：采用统一方案、调查步骤和问卷,进行随机、整群抽样调查。结果：2010年温州市区儿童哮喘患病率为3.3%,男女比例1.3：1,现患率2.7%。哮喘的首发年龄27（13~43）月,首次诊断年龄30（18~48）月,3~6岁年龄组患病率最高为5.5%。儿童哮喘在秋冬季好发（占28%）,好发时间以清晨为主（占48%）。哮喘发作的常见诱因为呼吸道感染（占87.5%）,常见前兆是流涕（占64.8%）、喷嚏（占59.6%）、鼻塞（占43.9%）,常见症状为咳嗽（占95.6%）、喘鸣（占69.2%）。抗生素在哮喘治疗中的使用率为49.8%,吸入激素为53.6%,白三烯受体拮抗剂为45.2%。一级亲属、二级亲属的哮喘史、患者的过敏性鼻炎及湿疹史是哮喘发病的独立风险因素。结论：温州城区儿童患病率较前有明显升高,大部分在3岁之前发病。上呼吸道感染是哮喘发作的常见诱因,过敏性鼻炎、湿疹及哮喘家族史是哮喘发病的最主要风险因素。     

淄博市10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎的相关调查

目的 通过对淄博市10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎的流行病学调查,了解其发病特征,并对其相关危险因素进行分析.方法 2005年8-12月,随机选择淄博市12所城市小学、5所乡村小学4～5年级学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查筛选可疑对象,再随疾病预防控制中心对学生的年度健康查体,同时进行专科检查予以确诊.变应性鼻炎诊断依据2004兰州修订的变应性鼻炎诊断标准,对其结果进行统计学处理.结果 发放问卷6 548份,有效问卷6 148份,淄博市10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎患病率为3.7%,男4.6%,女2.7%,男女发病率无明显差异(χ2=0.585, P＞0.05),其中城市发病率4.1%,男5.2%,女3.1%;乡村发病率为2.5%,男3.2%,女1.7%,城市与乡村发病率有明显差异(χ2=7.922,P＜0.01).常年性变应性鼻炎33.8%,季节性变应性鼻炎66.2%;轻度78.1%,中-重度21.9%;35.1%有变应性鼻炎家族史,15.9%伴有哮喘,29.4%发病前1年内有家庭装潢或家具更新史,16.7%经过正规治疗.结论 淄博市10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎患病率3.7%,其中城市患病率4.1%,乡村患病率2.5%,发病与多种因素相关,其中室内室外环境与遗传因素最显重要.本市患儿正规治疗率较低.     

学龄前儿童反复喘息相关危险因素 Logistic 回归分析

目的：研究安徽地区学龄前儿童反复喘息相关危险因素。方法用调查表搜集816例儿童的临床资料,采用Logistic 回归分析研究学龄前儿童反复喘息相关危险因素。结果早产、剖宫产、0~3个月体重增长速度快、食物过敏、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹、父母过敏性鼻炎或哮喘、被动吸烟、病毒感染及支原体感染这10个因素与学龄前儿童反复喘息有关(P <0．05)。通过 Logistic 回归分析得出早产、0~3个月体重增长速度快、湿疹、父母过敏性鼻炎或哮喘、被动吸烟、病毒感染及支原体感染是学龄前儿童反复喘息的危险因素(P<0．05)。结论早产、0~3个月体重增长速度快、湿疹、父母过敏性鼻炎或哮喘、被动吸烟、病毒感染及支原体感染是学龄前儿童反复喘息的危险因素。