兔组织中加替沙星的HPLC含量测定

目的建立测定兔血清、心、肝、肾、肺、脾、胆汁中加替沙星药物浓度的方法,研究其分布规律.方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Shimpack CLCODS柱(6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为0.02mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液-乙腈-二乙胺(800:200:2),流速1.0ml/min,检测波长为295nm,柱温为30℃.结果加替沙星浓度在0.5～100μg/ml范围内线性关系良好;回收率在90%～110%之间,日内、日间变异均小于10%.给药后2小时,加替沙星在家兔各组织中有较高的浓度,给药后4小时,加替沙星在胆汁、肾和肝中仍有较高浓度,在其他组织中则快速下降.结论本法测定兔组织样品中加替沙星药物浓度精确、灵敏、可靠,可用于加替沙星的药代动力学研究.     

高效液相法测定加替沙星尿药浓度

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法以测定大鼠尿液中加替沙星浓度。方法　尿液样品用二氯甲烷提取 ,以环丙沙星为内标 ,色谱柱 :LichrosorbC1 8,流动相 :甲醇 - 0 .0 1mol/L ,磷酸二氢钾缓冲液 - 0 .5mol/L ,四丁基氢氧化铵溶液 (1 5∶75∶1 .4) ,磷酸调 pH至 2 .6 ;流速为 1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 98nm。 结果　本法在 3 .1 0～ 1 55 .2 μg/ml范围内线性良好 ,r=0 .9995 ,日内RSD为 5 .1 %～ 9.7% ,日间RSD为 5 .7%～ 1 0 .2 % (n =5) ;尿液最低检测浓度为 50ng/ml。 结论　本法测试快速、准确、重现性好     

Determination of the concentration of berberine in rats plasma by HPLC

目的 建立测定大鼠血浆中小檗碱浓度的高效液相色谱法.方法 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-水(每100 ml含乙酸铵1.54 g,磷酸二氢钾0.14 g,三乙胺0.2 ml)(35∶65)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长346 nm.结果 小檗碱在0.005～1.0 μg/ml(r=0.999 7,n=7)的范围内线性关系良好,定量下限0.005 μg/ml,提取回收率80.03%～102.35%,相对回收率84.0%～100.3%,日内、日间精密度RSD均＜11.1%.结论 本方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于小檗碱在大鼠体内的药物动力学研究.     

高效液相色谱法测定加替沙星片的含量

目的 :建立一种加替沙星片的高效液相测定方法。方法 :采用 ODS(1 5 0 mm× 3.9mm,5μm )色谱柱 ,以甲醇 -0 .0 8mol/ L 磷酸盐缓冲溶液 (4 0∶ 6 0 ,p H3.5 )为流动相 ,流速为 1 .0 mol/ min,U V检测波长为 2 85 nm。结果 :加替沙星在 2～ 2 0 μg/ ml浓度范围内峰面积与其浓度的线性关系良好 (r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 1 0 0 .9% ,RSD为 0 .6 % (n=9)。结论 :本方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确、专属 ,可作为控制该制剂的含量测定方法     

脑脊液中右旋布洛芬含量及其药动学研究

目的　观察脑脊液中右旋布洛芬浓度随时间变化的情况。方法　新西兰家兔脑部直接注射右旋布洛芬 ,用高效液相色谱法测定其浓度。色谱条件 :KromasilC18(15 0mm× 4 .6mm ,7μm)色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇∶0 .0 2mmol/L磷酸二氢钾∶乙腈 (6 5∶30∶5 ) ,流速 1.0ml/min ,柱温为室温 ,检测波长 2 2 5nm ,以保泰松为内标。结果　脑脊液右旋布洛芬在 0 .5～ 80 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好 ,r =0 .9994。药物在脑脊液中Tmax为 1.1h ,Cmax为 9.9μg/ml,T1/ 2 为 3.5h ,AUC为 6 1.0 μg·h/ml。结论　HPLC RP法可用于测定脑脊液中右旋布洛芬含量 ,药物在脑脊液中代谢呈一室模型。     

高效液相测定加替沙星在大鼠体内的组织分布

目的建立HPLC测定大鼠肝、肾、肺、脾、心等组织内加替沙星的药物浓度.方法待测组织匀浆中加入加替沙星与内标环丙沙星后,用二氯甲烷提取,进行高效液相紫外检测,色谱柱为Sphweisorb ODS柱(5 μm粒径),200 mm×4.6 mm;流动相为0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液-甲醇-三乙胺(55:44.5:0.5), pH为3.10;流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长为293 nm.结果本测定方法肝、肾、肺、脾、心组织浓度的线性范围均为0.05～4.0 mg/L;相关系数分别为0.999 9,0.996 0,0.999 9,0.999 9,0.999 9;肝、肾、肺、脾、心的相对回收率分别为:91.4 %～99.2%,98.6%～104.4%,99.0%～110.2%,90.2%～98.7%,99.0%～100.0%;绝对回收率分别为:78.5%～92.4%,87.7%～94.8%,98.3%～111.6 %,83.5%～85.7%,81.4%～91.7%;日内、日间变异均小于10%,各组织中加替沙星的最低检测限均为0.04 mg/L.结论加替沙星在各组织中均有分布,其中肝、肾分布最多,该法测定大鼠各组织中药物浓度精确、灵敏、可靠,为加替沙星药代动力学研究提供依据.     

大鼠口服黄体酮脂质纳米粒的血药浓度测定

目的采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中黄体酮的浓度,以用于黄体酮脂质纳米粒的药动学研究.方法大鼠血样用乙酸乙酯提取,采用达那唑为内标,以Hypersil C18柱(150 mm×3.9 mm,5 μm) 为分析柱,甲醇∶水(60∶40)为流动相,流速0.6 ml/min,检测波长为240 nm.以去势大鼠为模型动物,应用建立的方法,测定大鼠口服黄体酮脂质纳米粒后的血浆药物浓度.结果黄体酮在0.02～2 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好(r＝0.9999,n=3),定量限为(0.02±0.004)μg/ml(n=3),最低检测线为0.005 μg/ml(S/N≥3).高、中、低质控样品的日内、日间RSD均小于10%,平均提取回收率为90.5%,方法学回收率为93.4%～107.5%.血药浓度-时间曲线提示,脂质纳米粒延缓药物的达峰时间,并明显提高药物的生物利用度.结论本测定方法稳定,操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可用于黄体酮脂质纳米粒的药动学研究.     

高效液相色谱荧光法测定血浆中格拉司琼和阿霉素质量浓度

目的 :建立一种快速、简便测定血浆中格拉司琼 (GRN)和阿霉素 (ADM)质量浓度的方法。方法 :甲醇∶磷酸二氢胺(0 .0 1m ol/ L)∶冰乙酸 (70∶ 30∶ 0 .5 )为流动相 ,p H2 .9,流速 0 .5 m l/ min,CL C- ODS柱 (15 cm× 6 .0 m m,5 μm) ,荧光检测 ,GRN检测波长 :λex=310 nm和 λem=4 2 0 nm,ADM检测波长 :λex=4 95 nm和 λem=5 4 5 nm。结果 :GRN、ADM标准曲线的线性关系良好 ,相关系数分别为 r =0 .9998、 r =0 .9999,线性范围 :GRN为 2 5～ 12 5 μg/ L,ADM为 2 5 0～ 12 5 0 μg/ L。两药回收率分别为 85 .5 0 % ,84 .78% ,日内 RSD<5 .0 %。结论 :高效液相色谱法测定血浆中格拉司琼和阿霉素质量浓度操作简便、灵敏 ,可用于临床的血药浓度监测 ,两者互不干扰     

加替沙星在肝损害模型大鼠的组织分布研究

目的:建立加替沙星的反相高效液相色谱分析方法,并对其肝损害模型大鼠体内过程进行分析研究。方法:健康和肝损害造模大鼠口服20m g/kg加替沙星后5m in、15m in和4h测定各组织药物浓度,大鼠口服加替沙星后收集尿液、胆汁与粪便,测定累积、排泄率。结果:健康和肝损害造模大鼠口服20m g/kg加替沙星后5m in、15m in和4h快速分布在各组织中,其中肝、肾、小肠、胃分布最多,大脑未测到药物。大鼠口服20m g/kg加替沙星后48h尿液、胆汁与粪便药物累积及排泄率分别为(66.2±8.8)%与(71.2±13.6)%、(8.05±3.08)%与(1.62±0.67)%、(3.63±1.65)%与(3.92±1.87)%。结论:加替沙星在肝损害模型大鼠组织分布和尿液、粪便的排泄未受到影响,胆汁排泄存在统计学差异,通过了解加替沙星体内过程,可为临床应用提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定醋酸泼尼松片的含量

目的　采用高效液相色谱法测定醋酸泼尼松片的含量。方法　用C - 18色谱柱 (4.6mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ,以甲醇∶水 (6 0∶4 0 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 4 0nm ,流速为 1.0ml/min。 结果　醋酸泼尼松在 0 .0 5 - 0 .15mg/ml范围内 ,峰面积分值与浓度呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .9999) ;平均回收率为 99.2 % ,RSD =0 .30 %。结论　高效液相色谱法测定醋酸泼尼片含量方法简便、准确     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.