Pregnancy experiences of women in rural Romania: understanding ethnic and socioeconomic disparities

Women in rural Romania face significant health disadvantages. This qualitative pilot study describes the structural disadvantage experienced during pregnancy by women in rural Romania, focusing on the lived experiences of Roma women. We explore how women in rural communities experience pregnancy, their interactions with the healthcare system, and the role that ethnic and social factors play in pregnancy and childbearing. We conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with health and other professionals, seven narrative interviews with Roma and non-Roma women and a focus group with Roma women. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. We identified intersectional factors associated with women’s pregnancy experiences: women perceiving pregnancy as both unplanned and wanted, joyful, and normal; women’s and professionals’ differing prenatal care perceptions; transport and cost related barriers to care; socioeconomic and ethnic discrimination; and facilitators to care such as social support, having a health mediator and having a doctor. Talking directly with professionals and Roma and non-Roma women helped us understand these many factors, how they are interconnected, and how we can work towards improving the pregnancy experiences of Roma women in rural Romania.     

农村社区健康教育与农民健康行为关系的研究

目的：探讨健康教育对农民口腔健康行为形成的作用,方法：在农村社区设立实验区和对照区,对实验区农民开展口腔健康教育和口腔卫生行为干预,对照区仅做一般卫生宣传,结果：5年后实验区农民口腔卫生知识知晓率和刷牙率显著提高,与对照区比较有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）,结论：提高农民口腔健康水平,农村社区健康教育起重要作用。     

南京市某社区骨关节病患者健康教育需求调查和分析

目的了解社区骨关节病患者对健康教育的需求状况,以便采取有针对性的健康教育措施。方法采取自行设计的问卷,对某社区222例骨关节病患者的健康教育内容和方法进行问卷调查。结果42．8％的调查对象主观上认为自己对骨关节病仅是了解一点。患者迫切需要知晓的骨关节病知识依次是骨关节病的预防措施、康复训练和功能锻炼的指导,饮食和日常生活的指导。患者最青睐的健康教育途径是就诊时社区服务人员给予个性化教育和提供健康知识手册。结论因为患者对健康教育需求的个体差异性,在针对骨关节病防治的传知、建信和养行的过程中,要根据人群的身心特点、健康状况、文化层次和不同需求,因人制宜地选择内容、方法和手段。     

社区老年糖尿病患者健康教育状况及需求调查

目的探讨社区老年糖尿病患者健康教育需求状况。方法应用自编健康教育状况及需求情况调查表,对上海市社区60岁以上老年糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。结果患者获取糖尿病健康教育知识来源于医护人员居多,占66.17%;患者遇到糖尿病相关问题咨询对象以医护人员居多,占81.58%;患者倾向于每季度1～2次接受糖尿病健康教育,占56.39%;患者能够接受糖尿病健康教育模式：上门指导、发放资料和讲课;患者对糖尿病健康教育内容需求首选糖尿病发生原因及防治原则,占64.50%。结论健康干预是糖尿病预防的主要手段。     

昆明市社区居民糖尿病防治健康教育干预效果评估

目的探讨社区健康教育干预措施对人群糖尿病防治知识及行为的影响,为有效开展社区糖尿病干预提供科学依据。方法采用社区干预试验研究方法,选择干预社区和对照社区,对干预社区居民实施以健康教育和健康促进为主的干预活动;通过比较2个社区基线及1年半后糖尿病防治知识和行为变化情况,评估干预效果。结果 1年半后,干预社区居民糖尿病防治知识知晓率比干预前明显提高,糖尿病相关健康行为形成率也有所提高;而在对照社区,社区居民糖尿病防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率均没有明显变化。结论糖尿病社区健康教育与干预项目对社区居民糖尿病知识认知水平的提高和健康行为的形成有较好的促进作用,应加强社区糖尿病健康教育与行为干预工作。     

在社区开展儿童保健与预防接种健康教育的重要性

对社区0～3岁儿童家长有针对性地实施健康教育,采取内容丰富、形式多样的健康教育模式进行宣教,使社区儿童家长保健知识得到了提高,社区预防接种和儿童保健的数量与质量也得到了大幅度提高,促进了社区儿童的健康成长,同时使社区预防接种和儿童保健工作得到了更深层次的发展。     

Effectiveness of Community Health Workers in Providing Outreach and Education for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Appalachian Kentucky

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a community health worker (CHW)–delivered cancer education program designed to increase knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer screening options. The study population was an extremely vulnerable and medically underserved geographic region in Appalachian Kentucky. CHWs enrolled participants in face-to-face visits, obtained informed consent, and administered a baseline assessment of knowledge of colorectal cancer risks and the benefits of screening and screening history. An educational intervention was then provided and participants were re-contacted 6 months later when a posttest was administered. The mean score of the 637 participants increased from 4.27 at baseline to 4.57 at follow-up (p < .001). Participants who reported asking their health care provider about colorectal cancer screening increased from 27.6% at baseline to 34.1% at follow-up (p?=?.013). Results suggest that CHWs were very effective at maintaining the study population; no loss to follow-up occurred. The results also showed increased knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer screening education. Implications for social work practice, policy and research are discussed.