食管癌内疗法可行性的探讨

为探讨食管癌的发生、发展与性激素及其受体的关系，及内分泌治疗的可能性。采用放射配体结合结合分析法定量测定２７例原发性病人的癌组织、正常食管粘膜组织及外周血白细胞中的雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和雄激素受体（ＡＲ）的含量；同时应用放免法测定病人血浆中雌二醇（Ｅ２）和睾酮（Ｔ）的水平。结果见食管癌组织中存在的Ｅ手ＡＲ，受体含量显著高于正常对照组，且与病人性别及鳞癌病理有有显著关系。外周血白细胞中ＥＲ和ＡＲ的含量     

胃癌组织雌激素受体、雌二醇和睾酮检测的临床意义

检测５０例胃癌、２０例良性胃疾病病灶和１４例正常胃粘膜组织中雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）和睾酮（Ｔ）含量。结果显示：胃癌组织ＥＲ阳性率为３２．０％，分化不良型高于分化型（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＢｏｒｒｍａｎｎⅢ、Ⅳ型高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ型（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此表明，ＥＲ测定对估计患者的预后和术后内分泌治疗具有一定意义。Ｅ２在胃癌、良性胃疾病灶和正常胃粘膜中的含量均无显著差异，但胃癌组Ｔ含量及Ｔ／Ｅ２值显著高于良性胃疾病组和正常胃粘膜组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示胃癌的发生可能与Ｅ２和Ｔ在体内失衡有一定的关系。胃癌组织中Ｅ２和Ｔ水平与ＥＲ阳性组和阴性组之间无显著差异。     

慢性肾炎及尿毒症患者性激素及性激素受体改变的研究

目的 探讨性激素及其受体改变与慢性肾炎及尿毒症病因及发病机理的联系。 方法 应用放射配体结合法检测慢性肾炎６３例及尿毒症１０１例患者外周血白细胞雄激素受体（ＡＲ）及雌激素受体（ＥＲ）。 结果 （１）慢性肾炎患者白细胞ＡＲ测定结果显示男性、育龄女性及绝经女性３组与对照组比无显著性差异。（２）慢性肾炎患者白细胞ＥＲ测定结果显示上述３组明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。（３）尿毒症患者白细胞ＡＲ测定结果显     

性激素与原发性肝癌

运用ＲＩＡ法对７６例男性肝癌及１０例女性肝癌患者血清睾丸酮（Ｔ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）及孕酮（Ｐ）水平进行测定。结果：男性肝癌手术组及非手术组血清Ｔ水平显著高于肝良性病变组及正常对照组，Ｅ２水平则显著低于后两组；雄／雌激素比例（Ｔ／Ｅ２）显著高于后两组；肝癌切除后Ｔ水平下降，Ｅ２水平升高，Ｔ／Ｅ２比值下降，与肝良性病变组及正常对照组比较无显著差异。女性肝癌组Ｔ、Ｅ２水平与肝良性病变组及正常对照组比较无显著差异，但Ｔ／Ｅ２比例明显高于正常对照组。男、女肝癌组的Ｐ水平均未见明显改变。本组资料结果提示：高Ｔ水平及低Ｅ２水平与肝癌有关，性激素比例失调在肝癌的发生和发展中起了重要作用     

先天性尿道下裂患儿阴茎组织中多种性激素受体的比较研究

为了进一步探讨先天性尿道下裂患儿的内分泌异常,作者应用冰冻切片直接荧光组织化学法对２３例患儿阴茎组织中的雄激素受体、雌激素受体和孕激素受体进行了检测。结果发现：（１）尿道下裂和正常阴茎组织中均有这三种受体的表达,而且它们在尿下裂和正常阴茎组强的含量和分布情况相似,都是ＡＲ含量最高,ＥＲ最低。     

125碘标记17α-乙烯雌二醇-3-醋酸酯在荷人乳腺癌裸鼠体内生物学分布

为探讨测定乳腺癌细胞内雌激素受体（ Ｅ Ｒ）,以判断肿瘤对内分泌治疗的敏感性和预后,利用１ ２５ 碘标记 １７α乙烯雌二醇３醋酸酯（１ ２ ５ Ｉ Ｖ Ｅ２ Ａ）在不同 Ｅ Ｒ 含量的荷人乳腺癌裸鼠体内进行生物学分布研究,观察其与受体含量的关系,为进一步进行肿瘤 Ｅ Ｒ 显像奠定基础。每只鼠尾静脉注射示踪剂９２．５ ｋ Ｂｑ,２ 小时后处死,测定其肿瘤及重要组织器官每克组织中放射性摄取率及肿瘤与非肿瘤放射性比值（ Ｔ／ Ｎ Ｔ）。结果表明： 在 Ｅ Ｒ 为阳性的肿瘤（ Ｍ Ｃ Ｆ７）,其放射性摄取率及放射性比值均高于 Ｅ Ｒ阴性肿瘤（ Ｍ Ｄ Ａ Ｍ Ｂ２３１）的相应值,且分布具选择性,雌激素靶器官选择性高,非靶器官选择性低。１ ２ ５ Ｉ Ｖ Ｅ２ Ａ 对 Ｅ Ｒ 阳性的肿瘤及子宫具亲和力,可望用作对体内 Ｅ Ｒ 进行定位定量测定。     

肾癌组织性激素受体的表达及意义

为探讨性激素受体与肾癌生物学特性的关系及肾癌患者内分泌治疗的实验依据，采用亲和酶标法测定２９例肾癌及其癌肾组织和１２例正常肾组织标本的肾激素受体和雌激素受本。结果发现ＥＲ及ＰＲ均为胞浆型受体，肾癌ＰＲ及ＥＲ阳性率明显低于癌旁肾组织和正常肾组织，癌旁肾组织和正常肾组织间则无明显差异，Ｉ期肾癌组织ＰＲ阳性率明显高于Ⅱ－Ⅳ期肾癌组织阳性率，肾颗粒细胞癌与透明细胞癌之间及男女患者之间 ＰＲ，ＥＲ表达均无差     

胰腺癌组织中ER,PR,PNA,ConA表达及相互关系

应用免疫组化方法研究胰腺组织中ＥＲ、ＰＲ、ＰＮＡ和ＣｏｎＡ的表达及相互关系。结果提示部分胰腺癌存在性激素受体，检测ＥＲ同时检测ＰＲ和／或ＰＮＡ可更准确预测胰腺癌激素依赖性和提高内分泌治疗有效率；检测胰腺变组织中ＰＮＡ和ＣｏｎＡ对预防和早期发现胰腺癌有重要意义。     

肝癌外周血T淋巴细胞丝裂原反应性和血浆白介素—2,白介素—6 …

目的 探讨肝癌发病机理。方法 应用生物测定法检测肝癌患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞丝裂原反应性和血浆白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２），白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－６）活性及可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）的表达。结果 肝癌患者Ｔ淋巴细胞丝裂原反应性和血浆ＩＬ－２，ＩＬ－６活必均显著低于对照组，而ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达均显著高于对照组，结论 肝癌患者外周血Ｔ细胞功能被严重抑制，ＩＬ－２，ＩＬ－６和ＩＬ－２Ｒ可能在该病的发病     

胃癌与性激素关系的研究

本文采用放射免疫分析法及亲和组化法对９８例胃癌患者的血清怀激素含量及癌组织中性激素受体检测表明：１．胃癌与性激素关系密切，而且癌组织分化程度越低，血中性激素含量变化越大，癌组织中性激素受体阳性率越高。２．测定和因中性激素含量及癌组织中性激素受体，对胃癌的早期诊断，手术及非疗效判断，辅助内分泌治疗有一定的意义。     

食管癌组织雌、孕激素受体的测定及其临床意义

本研究采用免疫组化（ABC）法，对66例食管癌组织及21例正常人食管组织进行雌激素受体（ER）和孕激素受体（PR）的检测，结果发现，正常人食管组织不含ER，PR，食管癌组织ER阳性率为42．42％，（28／66），PR阳性率为43．94％（29／66），受体水平与食管癌患者性别，癌分化程度相关，而与年龄，TNM分期有无淋巴结转移无关，结果表明，采用ABC法检测石蜡包埋的食管癌组织ER和PR具有可靠性和敏感性，检测食管癌ER，PR，可为估价预后和指导临床进行内分泌治疗提供参考。     

男性型秃头患者头皮雌,雄激素受体的检测及头发移？…

目的 研究头皮局部性激素水平在男性型秃发发生机理中的作用。方法 自１９９６－１９９８年应用荧光素类固醇激素结合法,对８例男性型秃发患者的正常生发区和秃发区的雌,雄激素受体进行对比检测,同时对自体头发移植术后供,受区头皮再生检测。结果 秃发区头皮外毛根鞘,皮脂腺及毛乳头中的雄激素受体阳性细胞百分率明显高于正常生发区,秃发区外毛根鞘中雌激素受体阳性细胞百分率明显高于正常生发区,而毛乳头中则低于正常生发     

性激素受体在胆囊癌中的表达研究

目的 探讨性激素受体在胆囊癌中的表达。方法 采用免疫组织化学Avidin Biotin Peroxidase Compldex(ABC)方法对106例胆囊癌和61例胆囊良性病变石蜡切片标本进行雌激素、孕激素及雄激素受体检测。结果 胆囊癌中三种受体阳性率分别为67%、57%、44%。性激素受体阳性率与胆囊癌分化程度有密切关系。结论 性激素与胆囊癌发展关系密切。内分泌治疗可能成为治疗胆囊癌的一种方法。     

大肠癌组织雌激素受体、雌二醇和睾酮测定的意义

检测30例大肠癌和10例良性大肠疾病病灶中雌激素受体(ER),雌二醇(E_2)和睾酮(T)。结果大肠癌ER阳性率36.6％,大肠癌ER阳性率与肿瘤的部位、组织学类型及Duke's分期均无显著关系,良性大肠病灶及正常大肠粘膜中ER均为阴性。大肠癌组织中T含量各T/E_2值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但E_2含量各组间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大肠癌组织中E_2和T水平与ER阳性组和阴性组之间无显著差异。提示大肠癌的发生与E_2和T在体内失衡可能有一定关系,大肠癌不是性激素特异性的靶器官肿瘤。     

Sex hormone-receptor-negative tumors have a higher proliferative activity than sex hormone-receptor-positive tumors in human adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract

To determine whether a correlation exists between hormone receptors and their proliferative activities, the levels of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in surgical specimens from 23 patients with gastric cancer and from 32 patients with colorectal cancer were investigated using an enzyme immunoassay. These values were examined in relation to the parameters of cell kinetics determined by DNA flow cytometry. When the cutoff value was determined as 2.0 fmol/mg of cytosolic protein, ER and PgR were found in 13 (56%) and 6 (26%) of the 23 patients with gastric cancer, respectively, and in 10 (31%) and 10 (31%) of the 32 patients with colorectal cancer, respectively. There was a significant correlation in the expressions of ER between the cancer tissues and normal mucosa (P=0.040). Although the expressions of ER or PgR were apparently not related to pathological status, better correlations of hormone receptor-negative tumors with increased hyperaneuploid levels were evident. According to a multiple regression analysis, ER levels significantly correlated with changes in the DNA index (P=0.041) and in the heterogeneity index score (HIS) (P=0.034). Thus, sex hormone receptors proved to be relevant factors associated with the proliferative activity of adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. These findings indicate that the expression of hormone receptors provides pertinent biological information required to determine adequate therapeutic regimens in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Liver and Kidney Diseases Foundation of Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan     

Prostatic cancer/benign prostatic hypertrophy. Subcellular distribution of estradiol/androgen receptors

Six microsomal population of estradiol and androgen receptors have been characterized in human benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Estradiol receptor (ER) and androgen receptors (AR) were extracted using 0.6 M KCL and determined by the dextran-coated charcoal method. ER and AR levels were smaller in BPH plasma membranes (PM) than in Pca cases. For functions 3, 4, 6, the ER values in PCa were 25-38% less with regard to BPH ER values. Whereas in PCa, AR values obtained in all fractions were higher when compared to BPH AR values. In benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer, ER and AR levels were significantly higher in the nuclear fraction. In the nuclear fraction, ER and AR levels in BPH and PCa were significantly different. The subcellular distribution of AR and ER in BPH and PCa constitutes a reservation mechanism and processing a receptors for their continued growth.     

The association of androgen- and oestrogen-receptor gene polymorphisms with urolithiasis in men

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of urolithiasis with polymorphic microsatellite (encoding cytosine, adenine, and guanine, CAG) repeats in the exon 1 region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and thymine/adenine (TA) repeats in the oestrogen receptor (ER). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with urolithiasis (149) and a group of normal controls (102) were examined and compared. The CAG repeats of the AR gene and TA repeats of the ER gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The CAG repeats ranged from 171 bp (10 CAG repeats with 141 bp of amplified flanking sequences) to 270 bp (43 CAG repeats). The TA repeats ranged from 160 bp to 194 bp. Associations between calcium oxalate stone disease and the CAG repeats in AR gene and TA repeats in ER gene were then evaluated. The results were classified according to sex and peaks in allelic frequency distribution. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the male stone patients and the normal controls in the distribution of CAG repeats in the AR gene. Both groups showed a high percentage of 21-repeats in the allelic distribution, at 17 (16%) and 20 (37%) in stone patients and normal controls, respectively. The results indicate that 21-CAG repeats might be related to a lower risk of stone formation in men (P < 0.05). In the ER gene, the peak allelic distribution of TA repeats was 14, showing a significant difference between male stone patients and the normal control subjects (P < 0.01). There were no statistical differences between female stone patients and the control subjects in either the AR or the ER gene. CONCLUSION: Urolithiasis among men appears to be associated with AR gene CAG repeat and ER gene TA repeat polymorphisms, whereas there was no significant association among female stone patients. These sex hormone receptors seem to be related to the higher incidence of stone formation among men.     

Sex steroid receptors in normal and hyperplastic human prostate

The concentrations of sex steroid receptors (per unit DNA) were measured in normal periurethral and peripheral prostatic tissue samples from seven men (mean age 64 years; range 54-71 years) undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer, and in hyperplastic nodules from 15 men with BPH (mean age 69 years; range 60-89). Occupied androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors were measured with an improved exchange procedure, where receptor-binding sites were stabilized by a combinatorial procedure involving careful washout of extracellular secretory products (including proteases) prior to homogenization, inclusion of 0.5 mM phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and 20 mM molybdate in the exchange medium, and long-term incubation at 0-4 degrees C. Bound radioligands were separated by a hydroxylapatite (HAP) batch adsorption procedure. Maximal specific exchange binding of 3H-R 1881 or 3H-estradiol in total homogenates of human prostate samples was achieved after incubation periods of about 72 h at 0-4 degrees C. In contrast, progestin receptors (PR) were readily available for binding 3H-R 5020; thus overnight binding at 0-4 degrees C was routinely used to measure PR. Binding specificities and equilibrium binding constants (calculated from 8-point Scatchard plots, correcting for nonsaturable binding) were found to be characteristic for AR, PR, and ER, respectively. The receptor results obtained in this study demonstrate that no significant differences existed in total AR per unit DNA between hyperplastic and either central or peripheral prostatic tissue samples; PR was present in both zones of normal prostatic tissue as often as in BPH samples, with PR concentrations significantly lower in hyperplastic samples; and ER was irregularly detected in both normal and hyperplastic tissue in low concentration relative to AR and PR; the frequency of ER detection was much lower in BPH than in normal prostate tissue. Studies of steroid receptor content relative to enzyme markers specific for epithelial and stromal cells in BPH samples showed a positive correlation between acid phosphatase activity (a specific marker for epithelial cells) and both AR and PR. No correlation was observed between AR or PR with either prolyl hydroxylase or myosin ATPase (specific markers for stromal cells). These observations suggest that PR, as well as AR, is primarily associated with the epithelial elements of prostate. Because of the relative infrequency of ER, similar correlation of ER with enzyme markers was not possible.     

Detection of androgen receptors in human esophageal cancer

The incidence of esophageal cancer is much higher in men than in women and the prognosis is generally worse in men than in women. This seems to depend on the difference in the hormonal environments of the patient. In this paper, androgen receptors (AR) were measured in 21 cases of human esophageal cancer. Of these, two cases of esophageal cancer xenografts implanted into nude mice were AR positive. In EH-1, an established cell line from human esophageal cancer, the number of binding sites was increased and tumor growth was enhanced by testosterone administration. On the other hand, the number of binding sites was decreased and tumor growth was suppressed by castration. The administration of estrogen, however, did not inhibit tumor growth.