股骨头坏死松质骨生物力学特征的空间分布规律

目的 探究股骨头坏死松质骨微观结构参数和力学性能的空间分布规律,为临床诊断中科学评估病灶对病情的影响提供理论依据。方法 结合影像学测量和数值模拟方法,定量分析不同区域松质骨的微观结构参数和力学性能,分别从冠状面、矢状面和水平面投影方向上探究松质骨生物力学特征的空间分布特点。结果 在股骨头冠状面和矢状面投影方向上,松质骨的微观结构特征与力学性能大致呈Y型分布,Y形区域内松质骨的力学性能高于其他区域,该分布特点与股骨头内的主压应力束的位置相吻合。结论 位于股骨头Y形区域内的坏死灶对股骨头内应力分布的影响程度会更大,更有可能导致病情恶化。临床诊断中应充分考虑坏死灶和Y形区域的位置关系。     

骨质疏松患者股骨头不同区域骨结构与生物力学分析

目的探讨老年股骨颈骨折病人的股骨头样本各个区域的结构和生物力学性能差异,研究不同区域显微结构和生物力学特征及其对内固定物的影响。方法收集20个老年股骨颈骨折病人关节置换术后股骨头标本,以股骨头表面解剖标志点为参照,将股骨头按平分方法分为外侧、内侧、中间三部分。确定环钻的位置和钻取方向,用环钻于不同区域钻取直径10 mm、高10 mm圆柱形松质骨柱。通过Micro-CT系统扫描分析,分析不同区域内松质骨柱数据,包括骨体积分数(BVF)、骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)、骨表面积体积比(BS/BV)、结构模型指数(SMI)。应用微有限元计算不同区域骨组织的力学差异。结果老年股骨头颈内骨质含量下降,显微结构和生物力学性能区域变化明显,中间区域的骨结构和力学性能明显优于内侧和外侧。结论股骨头中间部位骨骼结构和力学强度明显优于内侧和外侧,在临床治疗骨质疏松股骨颈骨折的时候需要充分考虑内固定的部位。     

肱骨大结节内骨小梁变化与年龄的关系

目的:观察国人肱骨大结节内骨小梁变化的年龄特征,为应用肱骨大结节内骨小梁的变化进行年龄鉴定提供依据。方法:随机拍摄10~93岁177例汉族人上肢双侧肩部前后位X线片,并对每个性别每个年龄组X线片上肱骨大结节内骨小梁的疏密度、粗细及与骨髓腔的融合情况进行观察。结果:根据观察结果,将肱骨大结节内骨小梁的这些指标的变化分成5期。随着年龄的增长,国人肱骨大结节内骨小梁疏密度、粗细及与骨髓腔融合时间表现出不同的特征。结论:肱骨大结节内骨小梁的变化具有年龄相关性。这为应用其进行年龄鉴定提供了国人的参考依据。     

急性创伤后2周软骨下骨未发生明显力学变化

背景：既往研究主要集中于退行性软骨损伤及软骨下骨的修复机制,而对于急性创伤后软骨下骨的组织、形态研究比较少。 目的：观察软骨急性损伤后软骨下骨的早期组织形态学、分子生物、生物力学的变化。 方法：健康成年新西兰兔24只,建立股骨头软骨缺损模型,分别收集模后即刻、造模后4,7,14 d兔股骨头软骨及软骨下骨标本,大体观察造模后兔股骨头软骨及软骨形态变化,番红-固绿染色观察软骨及软骨下骨形态变化、免疫组织化学法测定骨转换标志物骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达、Micro-CT扫描分析软骨下骨超微结构改变、力学检测法评估软骨下骨机械强度变化。 结果与结论：大体粗测可见股骨头缺损模型于造模后7 d出现软骨缺损面积扩大,深度增加及退变表现,利用染色法观测进一步证实了造模后7 d其软骨厚度降低,软骨下骨骨小梁吸收。免疫组织化学及免疫荧光检测发现,造模后7-14 d软骨下骨中骨保护素表达明显减少,核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达量显著增加,骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值降低,提示骨转化减弱甚至逆转。采用Micro-CT分析发现造模后7-14 d软骨下骨的骨小梁数量增加,骨小梁数目及间距减小,通透性降低。抗压力学试验分析抗压强度和弹性模量未见统计学差异。结果提示,软骨损伤后软骨下骨可在早期造模后7 d后即发生显著组织形态变化和骨转换能力的下调,从而导致软骨进一步破坏;造模后2周内未见软骨下骨从在明显力学改变,基于此的修复手段可为软骨损伤修复提供治疗靶点。     

骨质疏松时股骨颈结构薄弱区影像解剖学观察及其临床意义

目的　探讨骨质疏松时股骨颈部位是否存在结构薄弱区。 方法　股骨颈 X片159例,观察由主压力、主张力与次压力骨小梁形成的斜“V”形结构薄弱区。 按Singh指数评估骨质疏松程度与结构薄弱区之间的关系。另收集10例股骨干燥标本按横断面、冠状面及矢状面观察内部骨小梁走行及薄弱区特点。 部分老年股骨颈骨折三维CT观察股骨颈内部骨小梁走行。 结果　Singh 1级（7 /159）, 无“V”形薄弱区;Singh 2级（23/159）,V形薄弱区34.78%; Singh 3级（42 /159）,“V”形薄弱区85.71%;Singh 4级（48 /159）,“V”形薄弱区75%; Singh 5级（27 /159）,“V”形薄弱区29.63%;Singh 6级（12 /159）,无薄弱区。横断面WARD三角底边为不连续主张力骨小梁;冠状面WARD三角形成斜向后外的“V”形薄弱区;矢状位WARD三角底边顶部在股骨颈滋养孔密集区,形成 “V”形薄弱区。股骨颈三维CT内部骨小梁走行与干燥骨剖面内部小梁走行一致。 结论　Singh 1、2级骨折倾向于头下型。 Singh 3、4级骨折倾向于头颈型。Singh 5、6级不易发生股骨颈骨折。     

激素性股骨头坏死与股骨颈骨折患者股骨头内骨小梁形态学对比研究

目的利用微计算机断层扫描技术(Micro-CT)对比分析激素性股骨头坏死与股骨颈骨折患者的股骨头内骨小梁的结构特点。 方法选取2016年9月至2017年9月因股骨颈骨折与激素性股骨头坏死于大连大学附属中山医院行人工全髋关节置换术的患者,分别设为骨折组与坏死组,每组各20例(20髋),术中完整取出股骨头作为研究材料。应用计算机对股骨头进行三维重建,利用x、y、z轴各2个相互平行的平面将股骨头分割成27个区域,27个区域的编号规则：分为内侧、中间、外侧3个区,每组按照由前向后、由上向下的顺序编为1～9号。内侧区编号为m1、m2……m9;中间区编号为c1、c2……c9;外侧区编号为l1、l2……l9。对样本进行Micro-CT断层扫描,获取股骨头样本的计算机三维图像。手工选取兴趣区,采用骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量、骨小梁间隙等三维空间参数分别对2组股骨头内骨小梁进行评价。数据比较采用t检验和单因素方差分析。 结果在骨折组中,将股骨头按矢状面分割为内侧区、中间区、外侧区进行对比,中间区表现为骨体积分数均值最大、厚度均值最大、数量均值最大、间隙均值最小的优势骨小梁区域,差异均有统计学意义(F＝36.59、73.50、38.60、48.50,P值均小于0.05);将股骨头按冠状面分割为前区、中间区、后区进行对比,前区表现为骨体积分数均值最大、厚度均值最大、数量均值最大、间隙均值最小,差异均有统计学意义(F＝69.50、43.92、85.40、36.00,P值均小于0.05);将股骨头按水平面分割为上区、中间区、下区进行对比,上区表现为骨体积分数均值最大、厚度均值最大、数量均值最大、间隙均值最小,差异均有统计学意义(F＝37.03、29.47、255.50、45.50,P值均小于0.05)。对比坏死组股骨头不同部位骨小梁微结构参数,如果将股骨头分为内侧区、中间区、外侧区,中间区表现为骨体积分数均值最大、厚度均值最大、数量均值最大、间隙均值最小的优势骨小梁区域,差异均有统计学意义(F＝41.42、26.60、400.00、36.00,P值均小于0.05);如果将股骨头分为上区、中间区、下区,上区表现为骨体积分数均值最大、厚度均值最大、数量均值最大、间隙均值最小,差异均有统计学意义(F＝52.99、25.33、28.50、37.33,P值均小于0.05);如果将股骨头分为前区、中间区、后区,前区表现为骨体积分数均值最大、厚度均值最大、数量均值最大、间隙均值最小,差异均有统计学意义(F＝2 567.17、57.29、42.11、41.17,P值均小于0.05)。与坏死组相比,骨折组骨小梁骨体积分数均值更大,差异有统计学意义(t＝4.90,P＝0.01)、骨小梁厚度均值更大,差异有统计学意义(t＝－4.17,P＝0.01)、骨小梁数量均值更大,差异有统计学意义(t＝－31.37,P＝0.01),骨小梁间隙均值更小,差异有统计学意义(t＝－7.12,P＝0.01)。 结论激素对于坏死股骨头的影响不仅仅是坏死区,包括硬化区、正常骨小梁区,即对于整个股骨头都产生了影响。     

A cadaveric investigation into the links between macroscopic and microscopic osteoarthritic changes at the hip

Our objective was to investigate the frequency and distribution of osteoarthritic changes at the hip, including the relationship between osteoarthritic lesions on the femoral head surface and histological changes in articular cartilage, in 12 cadavers. Twelve embalmed cadavers (five males and seven females) were dissected, and the femoral head was removed from both sides (24 femoral heads). Any gross osteoarthritic changes were noted and graded (on a scale of 1-3). A circular disc was then removed from the equator of the femoral head and divided into nine regions. Out of 192 segments, 54 underwent sectioning and staining with haematoxylin and eosin to assess histological changes in cartilage. Osteoarthritis of the hip was present in all cadavers, with all males having bilateral OA and 50% having grade 2 or higher lesions (50% were grade 1), and four of the seven female specimens having bilateral OA and only 7% with grade 2 lesions (with 71% grade 1 and 21% normal). Chondrocyte clustering was most commonly observed in the deep layer of cartilage followed by the intermediate and superficial layers respectively, as the grade of the macroscopic lesion increased. Cartilage injury at the histological level precedes any visible denudation of the femoral head articular cartilage. This study supports the hypothesis that early osteoarthritic changes occur in the deep layer of cartilage near the tide mark and progress superficially concomitant with an overall increase in the osteoarthritic lesion size on the femoral head surface.     

Trabecular architecture of the great ape and human femoral head

Studies of femoral trabecular structure have shown that the orientation and volume of bone are associated with variation in loading and could be informative about individual joint positioning during locomotion. In this study, we analyse for the first time trabecular bone patterns throughout the femoral head using a whole‐epiphysis approach to investigate how potential trabecular variation in humans and great apes relates to differences in locomotor modes. Trabecular architecture was analysed using microCT scans of Pan troglodytes (n = 20), Gorilla gorilla (n = 14), Pongo sp. (n = 5) and Homo sapiens (n = 12) in medtool 4.1. Our results revealed differences in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) distribution patterns, as well as overall trabecular parameters of the femoral head between great apes and humans. Pan and Gorilla showed two regions of high BV/TV in the femoral head, consistent with hip posture and loading during two discrete locomotor modes: knuckle‐walking and climbing. Most Pongo specimens also displayed two regions of high BV/TV, but these regions were less discrete and there was more variability across the sample. In contrast, Homo showed only one main region of high BV/TV in the femoral head and had the lowest BV/TV, as well as the most anisotropic trabeculae. The Homo trabecular structure is consistent with stereotypical loading with a more extended hip compared with great apes, which is characteristic of modern human bipedalism. Our results suggest that holistic evaluations of femoral head trabecular architecture can reveal previously undetected patterns linked to locomotor behaviour in extant apes and can provide further insight into hip joint loading in fossil hominins and other primates.     

Effects of Loading Orientation on the Morphology of the Predicted Yielded Regions in Trabecular Bone

While the effects of bone mineral density and architecture in osteoporotic bone have been studied extensively, the micromechanics of yielding and failure have received less attention. However, understanding architectural features associated with failure should provide insight into assessing bone quality. In this study, microstructural finite element models were used to compute regions of tissue level yielding in ten bovine tibial trabecular bone samples. The morphology, number, and mean volume of the yielded regions were quantified for four apparent strains under two loading conditions. For on-axis loading, the mean aspect ratio of the tissue that yielded due to compressive strain increased with increasing apparent strain, expanding along the principal trabecular orientation. This suggests that tissue level yielding progresses along vertical trabeculae when a specimen is loaded on-axis. The number, but not the volume, of the regions yielded due to tensile strain increased with increasing applied load, consistent with relaxation and redistribution of stresses around the yielded regions. When the specimens were compressed perpendicular to the principal axis, the aspect ratio of the yielded regions was close to one, while the number, mean volume, and mean thickness of the yielded regions increased. This indicates that localized high strains consistent with bending rather than axial deformation of struts occur at the tissue level. Overall, the results provide new insight into trabecular bone failure, which is relevant to assessing diagnostic tests for fracture risk or evaluating osteoporosis treatments.     

不同角度载荷下股骨头骨小梁的生物力学特性

目的 探讨不同角度载荷对股骨头骨小梁形态学与力学性能的影响,为研究股骨头坏死、塌陷的生物力学机制提供理论依据。方法 利用12月龄羊股骨头和人尸体股骨头分别制作羊股骨头骨小梁试件94个和人股骨头骨小梁试件43个。按照受力方向与骨小梁主压力方向之间的不同夹角,将骨小梁以10°间隔分为内翻10°、0°和外翻10°、20°、30°共计5组,模拟股骨颈骨折内固定术后不同戈登（Garden）对线指数下的复位情况。通过分别对羊股骨头骨小梁进行micro-CT扫描、计算与压缩破坏试验以及对人尸体股骨头骨小梁进行循环压缩试验,分析不同受力方向下股骨头骨小梁的骨体积分数（BV/TV）、骨表面积/骨体积（BS/BV）、骨小梁平均厚度（Tb.Th）、骨小梁数量（Tb.N）、骨小梁间距（Tb.Sp）等形态学指标以及弹性模量、极限强度、屈服强度、初始弹性模量、循环次数等力学指标。结果 加载方向与骨小梁的主压力方向之间夹角为0°时,BV/TV、Tb.Th以及弹性模量、极限强度、屈服强度、初始弹性模量、循环次数均为最大,而BS/BV与Tb.N为最小,并随着夹角增大前者呈递减而后者呈递增趋势。结论 12月龄羊股骨头骨小梁BV/TV与极限强度随受力方向与骨小梁主压力方向之间夹角变化的趋势与人股骨头骨小梁一致;加载方向与主压力骨小梁之间夹角增大时,股骨头骨小梁形态学与力学性能均下降;Garden指数偏离160°越大时,股骨头内骨小梁越易发生损伤。     

不同角度载荷下股骨头骨小梁的生物力学特性

目的探讨不同角度载荷对股骨头骨小梁形态学与力学性能的影响,为研究股骨头坏死、塌陷的生物力学机制提供理论依据。方法利用12月龄羊股骨头和人尸体股骨头分别制作羊股骨头骨小梁试件94个和人股骨头骨小梁试件43个。按照受力方向与骨小梁主压力方向之间的不同夹角,将骨小梁以10°间隔分为内翻10°、0°和外翻10°、20°、30°共计5组,模拟股骨颈骨折内固定术后不同戈登(Garden)对线指数下的复位情况。通过分别对羊股骨头骨小梁进行micro-CT扫描、计算与压缩破坏试验以及对人尸体股骨头骨小梁进行循环压缩试验,分析不同受力方向下股骨头骨小梁的骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨表面积/骨体积(BS/BV)、骨小梁平均厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)等形态学指标以及弹性模量、极限强度、屈服强度、初始弹性模量、循环次数等力学指标。结果加载方向与骨小梁的主压力方向之间夹角为0°时,BV/TV、Tb.Th以及弹性模量、极限强度、屈服强度、初始弹性模量、循环次数均为最大,而BS/BV与Tb.N为最小,并随着夹角增大前者呈递减而后者呈递增趋势。结论 12月龄羊股骨头骨小梁BV/TV与极限强度随受力方向与骨小梁主压力方向之间夹角变化的趋势与人股骨头骨小梁一致;加载方向与主压力骨小梁之间夹角增大时,股骨头骨小梁形态学与力学性能均下降;Garden指数偏离160°越大时,股骨头内骨小梁越易发生损伤。     

不同角度载荷下股骨头骨小梁的生物力学特性

目的 探讨不同角度载荷对股骨头骨小梁形态学与力学性能的影响,为研究股骨头坏死、塌陷的生物力学机制提供理论依据。方法 利用12月龄羊股骨头和人尸体股骨头分别制作羊股骨头骨小梁试件94个和人股骨头骨小梁试件43个。按照受力方向与骨小梁主压力方向之间的不同夹角,将骨小梁以10°间隔分为内翻10°、0°和外翻10°、20°、30°共计5组,模拟股骨颈骨折内固定术后不同戈登（Garden）对线指数下的复位情况。通过分别对羊股骨头骨小梁进行micro-CT扫描、计算与压缩破坏试验以及对人尸体股骨头骨小梁进行循环压缩试验,分析不同受力方向下股骨头骨小梁的骨体积分数（BV/TV）、骨表面积/骨体积（BS/BV）、骨小梁平均厚度（Tb.Th）、骨小梁数量（Tb.N）、骨小梁间距（Tb.Sp）等形态学指标以及弹性模量、极限强度、屈服强度、初始弹性模量、循环次数等力学指标。结果 加载方向与骨小梁的主压力方向之间夹角为0°时,BV/TV、Tb.Th以及弹性模量、极限强度、屈服强度、初始弹性模量、循环次数均为最大,而BS/BV与Tb.N为最小,并随着夹角增大前者呈递减而后者呈递增趋势。结论 12月龄羊股骨头骨小梁BV/TV与极限强度随受力方向与骨小梁主压力方向之间夹角变化的趋势与人股骨头骨小梁一致;加载方向与主压力骨小梁之间夹角增大时,股骨头骨小梁形态学与力学性能均下降;Garden指数偏离160°越大时,股骨头内骨小梁越易发生损伤。     

Postosteonecrotic osteoarthritis-like disorder of the femoral head of rats

The femoral heads of 15 rats were studied histologically 3 months after the induction of ischaemic necrosis by incising the cervical periosteum and cutting the ligamentum teres. The epiphyses consisted of immature disorganized subchondral and trabecular bone. The inter-trabecular spaces contained fibrous or haematopoietic tissue. Residual necrotic bone was rare. There was marked osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. The articular aspect of the heads showed a spectrum of changes, ranging from cartilaginous degeneration with fibrillation and loss of glycosaminoglycans to an eburnated and polished bony surface. In seven rats, transphyseal bridges connected the epiphyseal and metaphyseal bony trabeculae to each other. It is suggested that the postnecrotic reparative processes, including the resorption of the necrotic debris and its replacement by newly formed, weak bone, led to an osteoarthritis-like disorder. This healing pattern of the necrotic femoral head was reminiscent of the progressive remodelling that occurs in rings in femoral capital osteonecrosis of adult human patients and in Perthes's disease of children.     

Vascular deprivation-induced necrosis of the femoral head of the rat. An experimental model of avascular osteonecrosis in the skeletally immature individual or Legg-Perthes disease

The blood supply of rats' femoral heads was severed by cutting the ligamentum teres and stripping the periostium. Histologically, necrosis of the marrow was apparent on the 2nd postoperative day, necrosis of the bone on the 5th postoperative day and fibrous ingrowth on the 7th postoperative day. During the following 5 weeks, progressive resorption of the intertrabecular necrotic debris and necrotic bony trabeculae and subchondral bone plate and, concurrently, appositional and intramembranous new bone formation resulted in remodeling of the femoral heads. In 2 of 7 femoral heads, replacement of the necrotic bone by viable bone was complete at the 42-day postoperative interval. Also, the articular cartilage of the deformed and flattened femoral heads was undergoing degenerative changes. Reduplicating the pathogenically inferred clinical settings of blood supply deprivation, it is proposed that this model, in a small laboratory animal, satisfies the requirements sought for preclinical studies of treatment modalities of avascular osteonecrosis in man.     

骨水泥型股骨柄人工股骨头置换治疗老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折的可行性：随机对照临床试验方案

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis is a common problem after surgery for femoral neck fracture in elderly patients. Internal fixation for the treatment of femoral neck fracture should be performed to optimize bone remodeling and strengthen fractured bone trabeculae, with the aim of achieving strong fixation from the perspective of biomechanics. Percutaneous internal fixation with cannulated compression screws has become a preferred treatment method of osteoporotic femoral neck fracture in elderly patients, but the insufficient holding power of the screws used in the femoral neck does not lead to strong fixation. An alternative, joint prosthesis, is recommended for the repair of femoral neck fracture in elderly patients. However, its long-term therapeutic effects in the treatment of osteoporotic fracture of proximal femoral neck remain poorly understood in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head.     

骨髓间充质干细胞增殖能力与皮质类固醇性骨坏死

背景：皮质类固醇激素性骨坏死是造成髋关节功能丧失的主要病因之一。近年研究表明,激素性股骨头坏死可能与激素引起的骨髓间充质干细胞增殖能力有关。 目的：检测皮质类固醇性骨坏死患者骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖活性,为建立自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的合理性寻求证据。 方法：选取皮质类固醇性股骨头坏死病例设为股骨头坏死组,按取材部位不同再分为股骨头坏死股骨头组、股骨头坏死髂骨组,同时选取无股骨头坏死、无激素应用的拟行人工关节置换的股骨颈骨折患者设为对照组。用密度梯度离心法分离各组骨髓间充质干细胞,再经贴壁筛选法筛选,选取第3代细胞进行实验。 结果与结论：MTT结果显示,股骨头坏死股骨头组增殖能力明显弱于其他2组,其骨髓间充质干细胞在培养后1-7 d为生长滞留期,第8天达到对数生长期,以后进入到平台期,而其他2组较病例组生长曲线明显前移,并且峰值增高。流式细胞仪测定的细胞周期结果显示,股骨头坏死股骨头组中G0/G1细胞比例明显增高,而S+G2/M期细胞比例降低,细胞增殖指数较其他2组降低(P < 0.05),而股骨头坏死髂骨组的细胞增殖活性最强。结果证实,皮质类固醇性骨坏死患者股骨头来源的骨髓间充质干细胞增殖活性较低,髂骨来源的骨髓间充质干细胞活性增殖活性较高。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

Core decompression and alendronate treatment of the osteonecrotic rat femoral head: computer‐assisted analysis

Femoral head avascular necrosis is a process leading to femoral head deformity and osteoarthritic changes in the hip joint. Alendronate slows down bone resorption and remodelling in rats, while core decompression hastens the healing processes. We evaluated the influence of daily alendronate treatment on the rat femoral head shape after surgical osteonecrosis with core decompression, compared with controls. No differences were found in shape factor and femoral head height/length ratios. It was concluded that alendronate treatment slows down the process of replacing osteonecrotic bone by new bone and prevents early immature new bone collapse resulting from early revascularization because of core decompression.     

股骨近端主张力骨小梁生物力学特性

目的 研究股骨近端主张力骨小梁的生物力学性能,为解释股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的发生原因提供实验依据.方法 取8个正常国人(45 ～60岁)尸体股骨,排除畸形、骨折等病变.将近端主张力骨小梁系统从外侧到内侧分成3个区,在每个区内沿主张力小梁方向及与其垂直方向切取骨小梁试件,并分别在EnduraTEC ELF3200生物力学...     

鸵鸟与人股骨近端组织结构对照研究

目的 本研究旨在评价鸵鸟股骨头生物学特征,探讨其作为股骨头缺血坏死模型实验动物的价值。方法 鸵鸟6只,体重（73.28±5.87）kg,雌雄不限。4只麻醉处死后取双侧股骨。对股骨头形态、关节软骨进行大体观察。X线及CT检测骨质形态及骨小梁走行。测量股骨头最大直径 、颈干角 、前倾角。取关节软骨行HE染色、Masson染色及甲苯胺蓝染色检测。2只鸵鸟行股骨内血管造影检查。结果 鸵鸟股骨头大体呈球形,无明显股骨颈,股骨头及转子形成连续的骨性平台,表面覆以软骨;X线显示股骨内存在两组纵行压力骨小梁系统,内侧起自股骨头止于内侧骨皮质,外侧起自转子下止于外侧骨皮质;股骨头最大直径（45.40±4.40）mm、颈干角（122.29±0.84）°、前倾角（11.62±0.40）°;关节软骨HE染色示软骨基质均匀淡染成红色,软骨细胞呈极性排列,形态呈圆形,染色浅,核偏心嗜碱性。软骨基质Masson染色呈亮绿色,甲苯胺蓝染色强阳性;骨内血管造影显示鸵鸟股骨头血供由支持带动脉,骨内滋养动脉及圆韧带动脉供应。结论 尽管鸵鸟股骨头直径、颈干角、前倾角、关节软骨性质与人类相似。鸵鸟股骨上段解剖结构及力学传导方式及供血方式与人类存在差异,此类大型双足动物为基础制备的股骨头坏死模型仍无法完全模拟人类病理过程。