重症监护临床信息系统的应用

本文介绍了临床重症监护系统在我院的应用，该系统以危重病人的临床护理过程为主线，利用全过程、全方位的管理信息流，按照信息采集、信息整合、信息分析和信息输出的数据流程，建立ICU临床信息数据库，规范了临床重症监护的工作流程，减少了ICU护士记录患者体征和医疗护理文书的手工操作，完善了医疗、护理科研的统计查询分析，提高了工作效率和护理质量，为实现医院临床医疗信息网络化创造了条件。     

二级综合性医院护理科研现状分析及对策

目的 分析二级医院护理科研的现状及存在问题,制定对策.方法 采用问卷法对两家二级医院100名护师以上护理人员进行调查.结果 护理人员普遍有开展护理科研的愿望,对护理科研培训的需求很高.护理人员开展护理科研的困难主要是缺乏科研知识、信息获取困难、撰写论文困难.结论 提高护理人员科研能力和科研意识,加强护理科研培训、指导和管理,制订相关激励政策,是护理教育者、管理者亟待探索的重要课题.     

培养护理人员信息化应用能力的探讨

目的 研究护理信息管理模式下,护理人员信息化应用能力的培养.方法 根据医院护理信息需求、从信息素养、循证护理、临床护理、护理管理、护理科研6个方面分析了护理人员对医院信息化应用能力的需求.结果 医院护理人员需要通过信息检索、信息系统应用、信息设备应用、信息知识的积累、信息数据分析、信息安全等方面进行护理信息化应用能力的培养.结论 医院护理人员需要加强信息化应用能力的培训,医院护理管理者则需要不断提高护理信息化管理水平.     

护理科研方法在重患者护理质量管理中的应用

目的 探讨护理科研方法在重患者护理质量管理中的作用.方法 在重患者督查前加强组员科研意识,在督查中善于发现质量问题,在督查后要注意用科研的方法解决问题.结果 护理科研与重患者督查相结合,提升护理质量,提高组员的科研能力和质量管理能力,达到护理科研和重患者护理质量取得双赢的成绩.结论 只有将护理科研融入到日常实践,才能达到以科研促进护理质量提高的目的.     

医院护理信息化建设实践

紧随医院信息化建设步伐,紧扣护理专业特点,以2个护理信息平台（人力资源管理信息平台和护理质量管理信息平台）和5个护理信息化子系统（排班系统、人力资源管理系统、重症监护系统、床旁PDA系统和麻醉手术监护系统）践行护理信息化建设,成效佳。     

基于Web开发科研管理与服务信息系统

随着Internet／Intranet的普及和应用，Web越来越显示出其优势，本文介绍一个基于Web环境开发实现的医学院校科研管理与服务信息管理系统，该系统实现了科研课题信息的在线采集、处理、检索、统计等方面的远程交互和对科研学术信息的全面管理，并探讨了Internet时代科研管理信息化方面的几个问题。     

基于医院信息化平台的护理荣誉无纸化管理的实践

目的 借助医院现有的护理信息平台,实现护理荣誉无纸化管理.方法 在护理信息平台上二次开发,整合平台数据库中的管理信息,构建护理荣誉表单系统,并通过“工号”字段进行关联,与其他数据表单交互取数.结果 护理荣誉表单系统的应用,实现了护理荣誉无纸化管理;将护理集体荣誉进行量化处理,体现了护理荣誉使用中公平公正的原则;优化护理...     

医院科研试剂耗材速递信息平台建设与应用

目的利用信息化手段支撑建设医院科研试剂耗材速递平台,提高科研服务效率,加强监管。方法以上海市同仁医院为研究对象,梳理科研试剂耗材的管理流程,整合科研项目经费管理、物资管理、行政办公(OA)、物资配送(SPD)等系统,构建满足医院科研试剂耗材闭环管理的医院科研速递平台。结果实现了科研试剂耗材采购、收货、结算的一体化管理。平台启用后简化了报销流程,试剂耗材质量得到保证,供应商到款时间缩短,且其过程可监管可追溯。结论该平台建设有助于规范流程、信息共享、减少环节,提升各管理部门的工作效率,为过程监管和闭环管理提供有力支撑,提高了科研管理服务的质量与效率。     

利用现有HIS信息开发护理人力资源调配系统

目的:动态调配全院各病区的护理人力资源.方法:通过采集HIS系统医嘱信息,对各病区护理工作进行动态统计.结果:科学、合理地利用人力资源,提高了护理工作效率和护理工作质量.结论:该系统成本低廉,易于操作,信息准确,极大地提高了护理管理水平.     

愿<生理科学进展>成为医学科研管理者的益友

从提供科研管理信息的角度,向医学科研管理人员举荐<生理科学进展>杂志,认为该杂志栏目众多、涉及面宽,几乎涵盖基础医学各学科,并以其综合性、新颖性和进展性的鲜明特点,适合医学科研管理人员阅读,对医学科研管理人员搜集医学科研管理信息有一定帮助.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.