即墨市三资企业职业卫生状况调查

为摸清即墨市三资企业职业危害状况,确定职业卫生监督管理工作的重点,我们于1998年3-12月对我市的67家三资企业进行了职业卫生调查,将调查结果报告如下。1内容与方法1.1调查内容对我市的三资企业职业卫生状况进行调查,内容包括企业行业分布,作业环境防护设施,职业病危害因素浓度(或强度),卫生知识培训,发放防护用品情况和健康查体情况等。     

三资企业作业场所健康促进试点效果评价

目的评价在三资企业作业场所开展健康促进试点的效果。方法对15家三资企业职工开展2年综合干预措施,干预前后对职工知识、态度和行为进行调查,对作业环境进行检测。结果企业管理人员职业卫生法律法规和基本知识平均成绩从62.5分提高到93.2分（P〈0.01）。有毒有害从业人员职业卫生相关知识平均成绩从48.5分提高到87.3分（P〈0.01）。从业人员职业健康体检、个人防护用品使用、执行操作规程等职业习惯均在86%以上,较干预前明显提高（P〈0.01）。2005年、2006年有毒有害因素检测合格率达82.1%和90.5%,较干预前明显提高（P〈0.01）。结论在三资企业中开展作业场所健康促进可有效提高职工职业病防治的相关知识,改变不良行为和生活方式,有效改善从业人员的作业环境,卫生部门应进一步发挥部门优势,积极推广作业场所健康促进的开展。     

钢丝绳行业职业危害调查分析

为了解钢丝绳行业有害因素对作业工作人员的危害状况,有利于加强职业卫生管理及健康监护,做好职业病防治工作。我们于1998年10月对通州市21家钢丝绳生产企业的职业危害进行了调查。 1 内容和方法 1.1 生产性有害因素测定 按劳动卫生规范要求对钢丝绳生产过程中产生有害因素的作业环境进行卫生监测。监测方法铅烟(尘)采样仪器用DK—60Ⅱ型空气取样仪,采样滤料用超细     

北京市某区三资企业职业卫生状况调查及对策

目的：了解三资企业职业卫生状况。方法：选择工业企业较为集中的某区，对正常生产的企业进行有害因素的检测，对汽车、电子行业从事有害作业的工人进行职业性健康检查．在重点调查企业中进行服务需求及职业卫生知识水平的意向性调查，用Dbase Ⅲ对数据进行分析。结果：作业环境有害因素种类有粉尘、苯系物、有机溶剂、酸、碱、噪声、高温等，各因素浓度(强度)超标率从1．8％～43．7％不等，体检中发现6例异常者；对社会机构提供的职业卫生服务需求不大，职业卫生知识水平不高。结论：三资企业的职业卫生工作需进一步加强领导、建立健全管理制度、加大职业卫生执法力度、开展职业卫生服务试点、普及职业卫生知识、提高工人自我保护意识。     

水泥生产行业职业危害调查分析

水泥生产过程中存在一种常见的职业危害因素,为了解水泥生产过程中有害因素对作业工人的危害状况,有利于加强职业卫生管理及健康监护,做好职业病防治工作,我们于1997年4月对安阳市水泥生产行业职业危害进行了调查。1 内容和方法1.1 生产性有害因素测定 在水泥生产过程中对产生有害因素的作业环境进行工生监测,对粉尘浓度、分散度、粉尘中游离SiO_2(二氧化硅)含量及噪声强度等分别进行测定。1.2 健康体检 对接触有害因素的工人健康体检,检查项目按职业性体检的有关要求进行。2 结果2.1 生产性有害因素测定结果 在水泥生产过程中,分别对各工序作业环境进行了粉尘浓度及噪声强度测定。结果为粉尘浓     

三资制鞋企业职业危害情况调查及防范

为了解制鞋业主要职业危害因素以及作业工人健康状况。分别于1995、1996、1997年对晋江三资企业(制鞋厂)进行一次系统的调查。3年间共对3084人进行职业危害调查,发现职业危害的占14％。为此,作者提出国境卫生检疫机关,应加大三资企业卫生监督监测力度,加强与地方卫生防治机构的联系、广泛开展防治职业危害健康教育,为早期发现病损及时处理,保护和促进劳动者的健康。     

食品行业职业危害调查

为保护食品行业生产工人的健康 ,引起人们的重视 ,本文对 15家食品生产企业职业危害现状进行了调查 ,现报告如下。内容与方法1　对象　市属以上进行职业卫生审核登记并已领取《职业卫生审核登记证》的食品生产企业 15家。对接触有害因素半年以上的作业工人进行职业健康检查。2　企业劳动卫生学调查　制定统一的《厂矿企业劳动卫生基本情况调查表》 ,采用企业填写与现场调查相结合的方法 ,保证调查资料的完整性。生产环境中有害因素的监测按《劳动卫生工作规范》要求进行设点检测。结　　果1　企业基本情况　本次调查 15家食品生产企业职工总…     

转制企业职业卫生现状调查

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,我市大部分企业推行了产权制度改革,企业的用工制度及职业卫生管理制度发生了很大变化。为适应新形势和了解企业改制后职业危害状况,我们对全市46家转制企业的职业卫生现状进行了调查。 一、对象与方法 1.调查对象 选择部分转制有毒害作业企业。 2.调查内容 有害作业厂矿数,有害因素种类,损害工人数;对企业的作业环境有害因素进行测定;对接触毒害作业工人进行职业性健康检     

三资企业外来工职业危害现状调查

目的 了解三资企业外来工的职业危害状况,保护外来工的身体健康。方法 用统一的调查表采用现场调查及抽查问答的方式,对辖区内有关的23个三资企业外来工职业危害情况进行调查。结果 调查23个三资企业有外来工3 700人,从事有毒有害作业人数占86％,主要分布于木业、粘胶、电子、机械、矿产等行业,接触粉尘作业人数占51.5％,毒物作业32.2％,物理性有害因素作业61.7％;作业现场监测粉尘、毒物、物理因素合格率分别为32％、47％、34％;外来工接触毒害作业时间平均44 h/周;外来工职业体检率也较低。结论 三资企业外来工从事有毒有害作业较严重,外来工文化水平低,自我保护意识差,不进行定期健康检查,三资企业外来工的职业危害问题应引起我们的关注。     

某农药厂作业环境监测与健康体检资料调查分析

目的了解某农药厂车间、工段作业环境以及从事有害作业工人身体状况;改善作业环境,确保职工身体健康。方法根据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》的要求,对该厂作业场所职业病危害因素进行检测,并对接触有害作业人员进行职业健康体检,对近3年该厂生产环境监测资料和工人健康监护资料进行汇总分析。结果开展职业健康监护工作是非常必要的。结论人的职业卫生意识、劳动保护意识水平得到了提高,为防止职业病发生起到一级预防作用。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.