慢性心力衰竭合并心律失常分析

目的分析慢性心力衰竭患者心律失常类型、发生率及与心脏形态功能的关系,为以后的临床治疗提供参考。方法通过收集5年内392例住院心衰患者的心电图、动态心电图、心脏超声心动图等资料,对患者的心律失常进行分析,明确其类型及发病率与原发病、心脏形态功能的关系。结果各种心律失常中房颤发病率最高,其次为室早及房早,原发病中以风湿性心脏病和扩张型心肌病最为多见,而心腔内径越大越容易发生心律失常。结论慢性心衰患者心律失常以房颤为主,风湿性心脏病及扩张性心肌病患者较其它患者更易发生心律失常,心腔内径大小与心律失常的发生呈正相关。     

慢性肺源性心脏病86例临床分析

目的:探讨86例慢性肺源性心脏病临床资料分析,以探讨慢性肺源性心脏病的临床特点、发病原因及发病机理方法:对2008年1月至2011年8月慢性肺源性心脏病住院病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析结果:86例慢性肺源性心脏病患者经过积极治疗,好转出院77例(89.53％),病情无好转或病情恶化而自动出院放弃治疗5例,死亡3例(3.49％).死亡的主要原因为肺性脑病、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭及多脏器功能衰竭等.结论:慢性肺源性心脏病的致病原因主要是慢性肺部疾病,临床治疗应采取以抗感染、扩张支气管、合理氧疗、加强营养和对症等治疗为主的综合措施,患者有机械通气治疗的指征时,应尽早给予机械通气治疗,这样提高治疗成功率,减少病死率.     

西藏某地区268例慢性肾衰病因分析

目的了解本地区慢性肾衰的病因分布情况,以利于慢性肾衰的及时诊断和原发病的治疗,延缓其发展。方法对我院2003年3月～2009年4月268例慢性肾衰住院患者的病因进行总结分析,了解其病因特点。结果 268例慢性肾衰患者中由糖尿病肾病引起者居首位,共97例(36.19%);其次为慢性肾小球肾炎共68例(25.37%);高血压性肾病34例(12.69%);痛风肾24例(8.96%);梗阻性肾病17例(6.34%);慢性肾盂肾炎12例(4.48%),其他多囊肾、过敏性紫癜肾炎、慢性间质性肾炎等共9例(3.36%)。结论 本地慢性肾衰竭病因的构成比例与国内的研究有差异,糖尿病肾病是本地慢性肾衰竭的主要病因,其次为慢性肾小球肾炎,高血压、痛风肾、慢性肾盂肾炎、梗阻性肾病,而慢性间质性肾炎所占的比例很少。     

慢性肺心病急性发作71例临床治疗总结

目的总结慢性肺源性心脏病急性发作期的临床治疗经验。方法对71例急性发作并发呼吸衰竭的慢性肺源性心脏病住院患者,抗感染、吸氧、平喘、强心、利尿、呼吸兴奋剂、机械通气等治疗方法进行回顾分析。结果急性发作缓解出院64例,缓解率为90%(64/71),住院天数7~27 d,平均(17.14±9.16)d。全组死亡7例。结论综合治疗是临床治疗慢性肺源性心脏病急性发作期的有效措施。     

慢性肺心病合并冠心病临床分析

慢性肺原性心脏病（肺心病）和冠心病均为中老年性非瓣膜损害性心脏病。肺心病与冠心病伴同时存在时称为肺冠心病[1]。本文总结近五年来住院确定诊断为肺心病583例。根据白氏[2]诊断标准合并冠心病和可疑合并冠心病128例（占21．9％）。仅就其诊断、治疗加以分析。1临床资料与治疗方法1．1临床资料本组肺冠心病128例。男性70例，女性58例。平均年龄在67岁以上。患慢性支气管炎病史均在三十年以上。肺心病病史均在10～20年以上，病程十五年以上合并冠心病96例，占75．0％；五年以上合并冠心病31例，占24.2％；三年以上合并冠心病三例，占0．8…     

284例中毒患者临床分析

目的：通过回顾中毒流行病学资料,为今后本地区中毒防治提供依据,以提高对我地区中毒的临床防治水平。方法：通过对我院住院成人中毒病例,观察分析记录患者的病因、发病季节、发病年龄、性别构成、住院天数及费用支出、愈后等多个因素。结果：我院3年来共收治需要住院的病例中,发病年龄在14～81岁之间,其中20～40岁农村女性为高发人群,男女比例为1∶1.45,病因中有机磷中毒占68.4%,夏季发病占44.3%。结论：本地区中毒病例以20～40岁农村女性为主,中毒类型及中毒病因死亡比例有机磷中毒均排在首位,而且多数在夏季发病,因此,相关部门应针对特殊人群、特别时段加以防治。     

慢性功能性便秘对老年人健康的影响及防治

 目的研究慢性功能性便秘对老年人健康的影响及防治措施.方法对332例老年慢性功能性便秘患者的临床资料进行总结.结果发现诱发和加重老年人慢性功能性便秘的临床因素包括性别、原发病及伴发病等.本组病例某些特定原发病存在明显的性别差异,主要伴发病的发生率为冠心病60.54%、糖尿病28.61%、脑血管疾病16.87%、帕金森病6.93%,而且原发病或伴发病并发3种以上(包括3种)分别为65.66%和59.34%.结论慢性功能性便秘严重影响了老年人的健康,深入探讨其特点及规律,采取积极的应对措施将极大地改善老年人的生活质量.     

西宁地区慢性肺心病急性加重期126例临床分析

目的：探讨西宁地区慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）急性加重期的临床特点及防治措施。方法：对2007年1月—2009年12月住院病例临床表现、实验室检查及治疗措施进行分析比较。结果：西宁地区慢性肺心病急性加重期病因以慢性阻塞性肺疾病占92.63%,死因主要为心衰、呼衰、肺性脑病及由此而导致的多脏器功能衰竭;发热以低中热为主,血常规中性粒细胞增高占78.57%,咳痰以黄黏液为主占57.93%,胸片斑片状影占93.65%;合并呼吸衰竭89.68%,合并继发性红细胞增多症64.29%,电解质紊乱（低钾、低钠、低氯血症）为80.26%;合并肝功能损害60.3%、肾功能不全23.81%等。结论：高海拔地区慢性肺心病是机体长期缺氧的慢性病理过程,常合并多脏器功能改变,常因感染而急性加重,故急性加重期应控制性持续氧疗,保持呼吸道通畅,积极控制感染、改善心肺功能,纠正电解质紊乱是关键。     

西宁地区73例老年慢性肺心病临床分析

目的:探讨老年慢性肺源性心脏病的临床若干问题,提高其诊疗水平。方法:分析我院2003年1月-2006年8月年间住院的73例老年慢性肺源性心脏病患者的临床资料,根据临床症状、心电图、肺功能等结果进行分析比较。结果:73例肺心病患者均给予抗炎、对症等治疗,60例好转出院,自动出院9例,4例死亡。结论:老年慢性肺源性心脏病是慢性病理过程,常合并多脏器功能改变,除常规抗感染、止咳化痰外,加强营养及呼吸肌锻炼有助于提高肺心病患者的生存期和生活质量。     

建院30年来呼吸内科临床进展概况

由于基础医学的发展及医疗仪器的不断更新,推动了我院呼吸内科临床研究的进展.一、慢性支气管炎(简称慢支)、慢性肺原性心脏病(简称肺心病)(一)流行病学调查1973年对宣化西望山公社进行了普查,共查3258人,查出慢支433人,占人口13.29%;肺心病62人,占人口1.9%.发病率随年龄增长而增高.吸烟、寒冷、感冒、情绪、过敏等因素在发病上都起到一定作用,肺心病的病因以慢支为主,占95.2%,此与国内外资料基本一致.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.