阴茎包埋对海绵体形态结构的影响

目的:探讨阴茎包埋对大鼠阴茎海绵体形态结构的影响。方法:通过建立隐匿阴茎大鼠模型获得实验标本,分2月组、4月组进行观测,每组25只大鼠。各阶段又分包埋组(15只)、正常组(10只),光镜和电镜下观察海绵体形态结构的改变。结果:阴茎包埋2月组海绵体形态结构无明显变化,4月组病理改变较为明显,光镜下见大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞,内皮细胞分布杂乱,细胞间大量间质组织增生,海绵窦狭窄;电镜下见阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞萎缩、线粒体退变、内质网扩张,致密体及收缩纤维减少,脂滴增加,空泡形成。包埋组与正常组阴茎海绵体在外观和重量上无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:阴茎包埋对海绵体外观和重量无明显影响,但随着包埋时间的延长,海绵体组织发生超微结构上的病理改变。     

阴茎包埋对海绵体内一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的:探讨阴茎包埋对海绵体内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响。方法:通过建立大鼠隐匿阴茎模型获得实验标本,分2个月组、4个月组和6个月组进行观测,每组80只大鼠。各阶段中包括包埋组(n=50)、假手术组(n=15)和正常组(n=15)。称量大鼠体重和海绵体重量后,采用化学比色法检测海绵体内NOS活性。结果:各阶段包埋组阴茎海绵体重量、体重及两者的比值与正常组和假手术组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);包埋降低大鼠阴茎海绵体组织的NOS活性(2个月组P>0.05,4个月组P<0.05,6个月组P<0.01)。结论:阴茎包埋可影响海绵体内NOS活性,且与包埋时间呈正相关,但对海绵体外观和重量无明显影响。     

阴茎包埋对海绵体内勃起通路的影响

目的 观察阴茎包埋对海绵体内勃起通路的影响.方法 通过建立大鼠隐匿阴茎模型获得实验标本,分2、4、6个月组进行观测.各阶段中包括包埋组、假手术组和正常组.采用紫外分光光度计检测海绵体内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,免疫组织化学法显示雄激素受体(AR)在海绵体内的表达水平.结果 3个时间段内包埋组NOS活性分别为1.79、1.67、1.24 U/mg·prot,与正常组和对照组比较,酶活性降低随包埋时间延长逐渐显著(2个月组P>0.05,4个月组P<0.05,6个月组P<0.01),但包埋对各阶段大鼠阴茎海绵体内AR表达水平无影响.结论 阴茎包埋可直接影响勃起通路中最重要的神经递质一氧化氮合成的关键酶-NOS的活性来影响勃起通路,且这种影响与阴茎包埋时间正相关.     

阴茎海绵体摺叠术纠正阴茎弯曲畸形

自１９８９年１２月至１９９３年３月对１５例阴茎弯曲患者施行弯曲纠正手术作回顾性分析随访期３个月至３年，平均１６例月。全部病例接受阴茎海绵体摺叠术。即在弯曲的凸面进行缝全以拉直阴茎。３例在手术后３个月至１年复发，需再次手术。１３例对手术效果满意，阴茎挺直、性交时无疼痛或不适。１例出现静脉参漏性阳萎，施行了阴茎深静脉结扎剥脱术。     

去势对大鼠阴茎海绵体功能和结构的影响

目的 :探讨雄激素对阴茎海绵体功能和结构的影响。　方法 :30只成年雄性大白鼠随机分为 3组 :阉割组、替代组及假手术对照组。于 1周后取阴茎海绵体 ,用紫外分光光度计测定其一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)活性 ,同时用ISEL法检测其细胞凋亡情况。　结果 :阉割组海绵体NOS活性下降 70 %并出现细胞凋亡 (P <0 .0 1) ,睾酮替代能阻止NOS活性降低及凋亡的发生 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :雄激素可通过调节NOS活性及细胞的增殖与凋亡而维持阴茎海绵体的结构与功能。     

阴茎结节性海绵体炎

阴茎结节性海绵体炎李鸣，顾方六１７４３年Ｐｅｙｒｏｎｉｅ描述了阴茎结节性海绵体炎（Ｐｅｙ－ｒｏｎｉｅ病），认为是由淋球菌性尿道炎引起的阴茎硬结。其后虽有大量的病因探讨，但至今尚未明确。阴茎结节性海绵体炎可出现勃起痛，阴茎弯曲和性活动障碍。广泛的纤维组...     

阴茎海绵体摺叠术纠正阴茎弯曲畸形

自１９８９年１２月至１９９３年３月对１５例阴茎弯曲患者施行弯曲纠正手术作回顾性分析，随访期３个月至３年，平均１６个月。全部病例接受阴茎海绵体摺叠术，即在弯曲的凸面进行缝合以拉直阴茎。３例（２０％）在手术后３个月至１年内复发，需再次手术。１３例（８６．６％）对手术效果满意，阴茎挺直，性交时无疼痛或不适。１例（６７％）出现静脉渗漏性阳萎，施行了阴茎深静脉结扎剥脱术。     

阴茎海绵体结核一例报告

阴茎结核少见 ,我们收治 1例 ,报告如下。患者 ,5 0岁。 1999年 4月曾行包皮环切术 ,术后 2个月无意中发现阴茎根部背侧局部硬结 ,无疼痛等不适症状 ,排尿无影响 ,阴茎勃起时硬结处局部有紧箍感 ,影响勃起 ,曾用维生素Ｅ等药物治疗 ,硬结无变化。 2 0 0 1年 2月就诊以“阴茎海绵体硬结症”住院。查体 :阴茎外观正常 ,阴茎及包皮表面未见破溃和结节状病灶 ,阴茎根部背侧正中可触及2 .0ｃｍ× 1.5ｃｍ局部硬结 ,其左侧有0 .5ｃｍ× 0 .5ｃｍ小硬结 ,两硬结呈扁平状 ,质地硬 ,表面光滑 ,固定于阴茎海绵体表面 ,与包皮无粘连。患者否认结核病史 …     

阴茎海绵体破裂7例报告

当阴茎勃起时遭受暴力可导致一侧或双侧的阴茎海绵体以及尿道海绵体的破裂。我院于 1989～1999年收治阴茎海绵体破裂 7例 ,报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　临床资料　本文 7例病人 ,年龄 2 3～ 4 7岁 ,平均31.5岁。除 2例意外碰撞损伤 ,其余 5例均因性交不慎所致 ,并闻及破裂声 ,继之阴茎剧烈疼痛 ,肿胀松软。 7例伤后都无排尿困难及肉眼血尿。就诊时间为 6～ 2 6ｈ ,平均 11.3ｈ。 7例均有阴茎弯曲畸形 ,皮下瘀血肿胀 ,其中 2例阴囊皮肤呈紫红色伴肿胀。1.2　处理方法　 1例用粗针穿刺血肿 ,负压抽吸积血 ,留置导尿管 ,加压包扎并以硬纸板做…     

阴茎纤维性海绵体炎的研究进展

阴茎纤维性海绵体炎发病率并不低，长期不愈会导至阴茎弯曲、勃起疼痛及勃起功能障碍，临床应引起足够重视。本文就本病病因、诊断方法和治疗方法的研究进展加以综述。     

Apoptosis of corpus cavernosum in patients with organic erectile dysfunction

Objectives  It has been reported that apoptosis of penile erectile tissue occurs after penile denervation, castration, and diabetes mellitus in animal studies. Aim of this study was to investigate apoptosis in corpora cavernosa of patients with organic erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods  Cavernous biopsies were obtained from 38 patients with erectile dysfunction and 10 patients with normal erectile function. Apoptosis of tissues were determined via terminal deoxyuridine nucleotide end labeling method by using flow cytometry. Results  The mean ages of patients with ED and control patients were 50.65 ± 2.27, and 32.43 ± 2.90 years, respectively (P = 0.0001). Patients with ED were set in two groups as more than 50 years old and less than 50 years old for further analysis of age factor on apoptosis. The mean % apoptosis of ED patients was 26.22 ± 2.79 and control group was 11.26 ± 3.79, (P = 0.032). Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were also 17.41 ± 3.21 and 6.59 ± 2.28, respectively (P = 0.039). MFI and % apoptosis values were not statistically significant different neither between the patients groups nor between the control and patients ≤50 years old (P > 0.05). Conclusions  We did not find any statistically significant difference with respect to apoptosis rates when we compared neither control group with ≤50 years old patients nor patients groups of ED. Because of this we did not have enough data to say that apoptosis has a prominent role on the development of ED independently from other factors. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of apoptosis in erectile dysfunction.     

Leiomyoma of the corpus cavernosum of the penis

While soft tissue tumors can occur in the penis, corpus cavernous tumors are rare. Reported cases of corpus cavernous tumors are from metastases of advanced malignancy, such as cancers of the bladder, prostate, rectosigmoid colon, kidney, pancreas, liver, testis and nasopharynx. Primary corpus cavernous tumors are extremely rare and have possibly never been reported before. Herein, we report a case of leiomyoma of the corpus cavernosum. After the diagnosis of leiomyoma was established, total excision of the tumor was not attempted and the tumor remained unchanged in size and shape over a follow-up period of 15 months.     

血红素氧合酶在糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达

目的 检测血红素氧合酶1和2( HO-1/HO-2)在糖尿病(DM)大鼠阴茎海绵体(CC)的表达变化,探讨其在糖尿病相关勃起功能中的作用.方法 SD雄性大鼠50只,随机取30只制作糖尿病模型,余20只为正常对照.4周和8周后用阿扑吗啡试验评价大鼠勃起功能;免疫组织化学法及Western blot法检测HO-1、HO-2在大鼠CC内的表达部位及水平.结果 DM大鼠勃起次数在4周(2.17±0.94)和8周(0.85±1.07)时与对照组[4.0±1.15(4周);4.2±1.32(8周)]比均下降(P＜0.01),HO-1在4周(32.87±3.22)和8周(20.65±2.34)时的表达高于相应对照组[13.52±3.25(4周);12.35±2.29(8周)],P＜0.01,但8周较4周表达降低(P＜0.01),HO-2在4周(14.32±1.21)和8周(8.82±2.35)时的表达均低于相应对照组[20.91±2.07(4周);21.02±2.10(8周)],P＜0.01,且随时间逐渐加重(P＜0.01);对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病造成大鼠勃起功能下降,可能与HO在DM大鼠CC内的表达降低密切相关.     

人激肽释放酶对离体动物阴茎海绵体平滑肌的舒张效应

目的探讨人组织激肽释放酶对离体动物阴茎海绵体平滑肌的舒张效应,以初步探讨其对阴茎勃起的调节作用。方法通过离体阴茎海绵体平滑肌肌条实验方法,利用PowerLab4SP微弱生物信号采集系统记录人组织激肽释放酶对离体家兔和大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌的舒张效应。结果100mU人组织激肽释放酶可分别使去氧肾上腺素诱导的家兔和大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张(65.98±6.98)%和(54.86±9.65)%。结论人组织激肽释放酶可强力地舒张离体家兔和大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌,推测其对人阴茎海绵体平滑肌也会有较强的舒张效应,可能是勃起功能障碍药物开发的一个新靶点。     

Investigation of the mechanism of nicotine induced relaxation in rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro

In order to determine whether nicotine acts on corporal smooth muscle, the mechanism of its effect on strips of rabbit corpus cavernosum was studied in vitro. Rabbit corpus cavernosum muscle strips were mounted in an organ bath with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and aerated with 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂. Tension was measured with isometric force transducers, and muscle relaxation was expressed as the percent decrease of precontraction induced by phenylephrine. Nicotine produced concentration dependent relaxation when preparations were precontracted by phenylephrine (10^–5 M). The maximum nicotine-induced relaxation was 60.4±4.2% of the phenylephrine contraction and was not affected by indomethacin (10^–5 M), N^w-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (3×10^–5 M), methylene blue (10^–5 M), glibenclamide (10^–5 M), clotrimazole (10^-6 M), tetraethylammonium (3×10^–4 M), or 4-aminopyridine (10^–3 M). Nicotine did not exhibit a calcium antagonizing effect. From these results, we conclude that nicotine-induced relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum is not mediated by the release of nitric oxide, prostaglandins or a related substance, by the activation of potassium channels, or by the stimulation of nicotinic cholinoceptors. Further work is needed to determine the cellular mechanism(s) of the action by which nicotine acts on corporal smooth muscle.     

Androgen and estrogen receptors in the human corpus cavernosum penis: immunohistochemical and cell culture results

Despite the central and peripheral effects of androgens on the nervous system, the local effects of androgens in the corpus cavernosum penis and their importance for erectile function is still unclear. In this study corpus cavernosum biopsies of eight adult potent patients, aged 19–63 years, undergoing penile deviation surgery (group A) and 12 patients undergoing male-to-female transsexual surgery (group B) were immunostained for nuclear androgen and estrogen-alpha receptors. Additionally, primary corpus cavernosum endothelial cell cultures were obtained from six transsexual patients and exposed to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol and progesterone likewise for 7 days. Total cell count was performed and cell metabolic activity was measured by a tetrazolium salt-based assay. Androgen and estrogen-alpha receptors were detected in stromal as well as in endothelial cells. Of all cell nuclei, 74.9% (SD 16.4) in group A and 63.5% (SD 17.1) in group B were positively stained for androgen receptors. The respective percentage of estrogen receptors was 11% (SD 9.5) and 21.2% (SD 12.6). An age-dependent difference in receptor distribution was not observed in either group. In the cell culture system only cultures exposed to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone showed a dose-dependent increase of cell metabolic activity compared to the cultures supplemented with estradiol and progesterone. The significant and age-independent high androgen and low estrogen-alpha receptor distribution found in both groups suggests a possible peripheral effect of androgens at the level of the corpus cavernosum penis in adult humans. This is supported by the observed effect of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on cell count and endothelial cell metabolism in our cell culture system. The role of estrogens remains unclear.     

Quantitative functional outcomes of the conservative management of partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum

The low incidence of partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum (PSTCC) means its management is guided by isolated case reports. Erectile function is an important outcome that has not been described quantitatively in the literature. We present two cases of PSTCC managed conservatively. Although both patients reported resolution of local symptoms, formal analysis of sexual function at follow-up review has revealed that only one achieved complete recovery.     

Electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum in denervated rats

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum after intracavernous papaverine injection in rats that had been denervated experimentally. METHODS: Twenty-four male adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: (i) controls (n=8) (ii) unilateral cavernous nerve resection on the right side (n=8); and (iii) bilateral cavernous nerve resection (n=8). Through a suprapubic incision, the urinary bladder was retracted laterally to locate the major pelvic plexus on the lateral surface of the prostate. The major branch of the cavernous nerve, running caudally from the pelvic plexus, was isolated and excised using an operating microscope. Three weeks later, recording of the electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum (EACC) was performed by using a Neuropack-2 EMG unit (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan) and coencentric needle electrode. Changes in amplitude were evaluated before and after intracavernosal papaverine injection. The results in the flaccid state and after papaverine injection were compared by using the Mann Whitney U-test in all three groups and paired t-test between groups. RESULTS: In the flaccid penis, the mean (+/- SD) amplitude of electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum was 17.42+/-2.05, 12.42+/-1.88, 9.71+/-1.59 and 5.85+/-0.96 microV in control rats, in unilaterally denervated rats (in which the cavernous nerve was intact on the left side), in unilaterally denervated rats in which the cavernous nerve was resected on the right side and in bilaterally denervated rats, respectively. In the flaccid state, EACC is lower in the bilaterally denervated group than in the control and unilaterally nerve-resected groups (P < or = 0.05). The recording of electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum was continued for 20 min after papaverine injection. In the control group and in both groups of unilaterally denervated rats, we observed a significant decrease in the electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum in the first 5 min after papaverine injection (P < or = 0.05). However, no difference was observed in bilaterally denervated rats after injection (P > or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum continues after unilateral nerve injury in rats. Cross-innervation may play a role in penile innervation and corpus cavernosum electromyography shows electrical activity in denervated rats.