超声造影评价高强度聚焦超声治疗局限性前列腺癌早期疗效的临床研究

目的 探讨超声造影对高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗局限性前列腺癌早期疗效评价的应用价值.方法 采用HIFU-2001型高强度聚焦超声肿瘤治疗系统,对17例局限性前列腺癌进行治疗.治疗前及治疗后1个月分别行超声造影检查,观察瘤体内部及周边组织血流灌注信号特点,据此判定疗效.同时根据直肠指检、经直肠前列腺B超检查前列腺肿块大小、血清PSA等结果进行客观疗效判定.将两疗效判定结果进行对比分析.结果 HIFU治疗前,所有前列腺低回声结节均呈快速高增强.HIFU治疗后,超声造影显示治疗有效15例,其中无增强12例、少量低增强3例;无效2例,仍表现为快速高增强.客观疗效判定有效15例,血清PSA下降幅度均≥50%,其中2例前列腺结节体积缩小≥50%;无效2例,血清PSA、前列腺低回声结节大小体积均与治疗前水平相当.客观疗效判定结果与超声造影结果相符.结论 超声造影能准确显示HIFU治疗局限性前列腺癌的消融范围及程度,是评价早期治疗效果的可靠方法.     

经直肠高强度聚焦超声系统治疗前列腺癌57例疗效分析

目的：探讨经直肠高强度聚焦超声系统（HIFU）治疗PCa的疗效。方法：使用Sonablate500型经直肠HIFU治疗系统,对57例PCa患者进行HIFU治疗,其中局限性PCa27例,晚期PCa30例。在确定生化复发之前,对局限性PCa仅行经直肠HIFU治疗;对于晚期PCa,在行经直肠HIFU治疗的同时,联合应用内分泌治疗。结果：HIFU治疗平均手术操作时间为111（86～153）min,平均术后住院时间为3.2（2～18）d。平均随访时间18（6～30）个月。局限性PCaHIFU治疗后,生化检查阴性率（PSA（4.0μg/L）在治疗后的1、2、3年分别为86%、81%和79%。30例晚期PCa治疗平均8个月（3～24个月）后,26例血清PSA〈4.0μg/L（其中20例血清PSA〈0.5μg/L）、21例患者前列腺体积缩小〉50%。治疗后6个月时与治疗前相比,前列腺体积缩小、PSA水平降低、Qmax增加及IPSS改善差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。HIFU治疗后无严重尿道直肠瘘、尿失禁等并发症发生。结论：经直肠HIFU治疗PCa,安全、有效,并发症少,近期疗效较好,是一种可选择的PCa微创治疗方法。     

经直肠高强度聚焦超声系统治疗前列腺癌57例疗效分析

目的:探讨经直肠高强度聚焦超声系统(HIFU)治疗PCa的疗效。方法:使用Sonablate500型经直肠HIFU治疗系统,对57例PCa患者进行HIFU治疗,其中局限性PCa27例,晚期PCa30例。在确定生化复发之前,对局限性PCa仅行经直肠HIFU治疗;对于晚期PCa,在行经直肠HIFU治疗的同时,联合应用内分泌治疗。结果:HIFU治疗平均手术操作时间为111(86～153)min,平均术后住院时间为3.2(2～18)d。平均随访时间18(6～30)个月。局限性PCaHIFU治疗后,生化检查阴性率(PSA(4.0μg/L)在治疗后的1、2、3年分别为86%、81%和79%。30例晚期PCa治疗平均8个月(3～24个月)后,26例血清PSA<4.0μg/L(其中20例血清PSA<0.5μg/L)、21例患者前列腺体积缩小>50%。治疗后6个月时与治疗前相比,前列腺体积缩小、PSA水平降低、Qmax增加及IPSS改善差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。HIFU治疗后无严重尿道直肠瘘、尿失禁等并发症发生。结论:经直肠HIFU治疗PCa,安全、有效,并发症少,近期疗效较好,是一种可选择的PCa微创治疗方法。     

前列腺癌的高强度聚焦超声治疗

前列腺癌（prostate cancer，PCa）的流行病学显示，前列腺癌发病率正逐年增高。美国的前列腺癌发病率已超过肺癌，据美国抗癌协会估计，2004年美国大约有230110例新发前列腺癌，有29900例将死于此病。在欧洲，每年新发前列腺癌病例大约有260万人，前列腺癌病人占全部男性癌症病人数的11％，占全部男性癌症死亡人数的9％。     

高能聚焦超声治疗前列腺癌研究进展

前列腺癌是男性泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤之一,在欧美发达国家中发病率很高,在美国男性恶性肿瘤中发病率占第2位。近年来,我国前列腺癌的发病率仍存在上升趋势。所以,前列腺癌的治疗方法就成为了当今的热门问题。目前,针对不同时期类型的前列腺癌的治疗方法很多,包括内分泌治疗、根治性手术治疗、放射治疗、化疗、以及冷冻、高能聚焦超声、基因治疗等。主要是以内分泌治疗、根治性手术治疗为主。而高能聚焦超声在治疗前列腺癌方面也起着一定的作用。它是通过多探头高能聚焦超声装置,对靶组织发射聚焦超声波,使靶组织内产生高温,对肿瘤组织进行破坏。高能聚焦超声可以单独用来治疗早期局限性前列腺癌,或是通过与化疗、放疗结合来治疗前列腺癌,而且在前列腺癌的复发患者中也起着一定的作用。     

鱼精蛋白治疗前列腺癌鼠模型的超声造影表现

目的 :探索超声造影在鱼精蛋白治疗前列腺癌鼠模型研究中的应用价值。　方法 :将人PC 3m前列腺癌块移植于 2 4只Balb/c雄性裸鼠皮下。计算机辅助测定超声造影前后血流信号像素网格数 ,并与微血管密度(MVD)对照分析。　结果 :超声造影能提高肿瘤血流信号的显示 (P <0 .0 1) ,并与MVD有很好的相关性 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :超声造影的血流信号测定值可以作为前列腺肿瘤的血流定量指标。     

高强度超声聚能系统治疗激素难治性前列腺癌临床疗效观察

目的:探讨经直肠高强度聚焦超声(high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)治疗激素难治性前列腺癌的有效性及安全性.方法:采用美国Focus Surgery公司生产的第三代HIFU Sonablate-500型治疗仪,对22例激素难治性前列腺癌患者进行治疗.根据直肠指检和经直肠前列腺B超检查前列腺肿块大小、血清PSA、ECT骨扫描等将疗效分为完全反应(CR)、部分反应(PR)、病情稳定(SD)、病情恶化(PD).主观症状根据骨痛、排尿异常、血尿等症状的变化分为症状消失、症状改善、症状平稳、症状加剧.结果:经HIFU治疗,CR 6例,占27.3%(6/22);PR 11例,占50.0%(11/22);SD 4例,占18.2%(4/22);PD1例,占4.5%(1/22).总有效率(CR PR)达到77.3%(17/22).主观症状消失9例,占40.9%(9/22);症状改善6例,占27.3%(6/22);症状稳定3例,占13.6%(3/22);症状加剧4例,占18.2%(4/22).主观症状总改善率(症状消失 症状改善)达到68.2%(15/22).3例伴有血尿者均控制良好.术后并发症:3例发生附睾炎,无尿道狭窄、尿失禁、阳痿、尿道直肠瘘并发症发生.结论:HIFU对激素难治性前列腺癌的治疗有效、安全,为微创治疗激素难治性前列腺癌提供了新的途径.     

高强度聚焦超声联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌

目的评价高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌(PCa)的疗效和副作用。方法PCa患者65例,B期12例,C期32例,D期21例,平均PSA为(85.5±79.4)ng/ml;以HIFU联合内分泌治疗,随访PSA和1、3、5年生存率,观察治疗的副作用。结果55例获得12～46个月的随访;术后3个月平均PSA为(53.4±51.3)ng/ml,与术前相比具有显著性差异(P<0.01),患者1、3、5年生存率分别为87.2%、38.2%和23.6%,副作用轻微。结论HIFU联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌能有效地降低PSA,提高患者生存率,具有高度安全性。     

Omi/HtrA2对前列腺癌细胞的促凋亡作用

目的检测人前列腺癌细胞（PC-3M）中Omi／HtrA2的表达情况，并构建其小干扰RNA（siRNA）表达载体。探讨Omi／HtrA2对PC-3M凋亡的影响。方法以细胞免疫组织化学和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测Omi／HtrA2在前列腺癌细胞系（PC-3M）和正常前列腺细胞中的表达。利用软件辅助设计Omi／HtrA2特异性siRNA序列。体外合成后将其克隆入真核表达载体psiRNA-hHlneo。以脂质体法转染psiRNA-Omi／HtrA2载体至PC-3M中，以RToPCR和Western blot法检测psiRNA-Omi／HtrA2对Omi／HtrA2转录和表达的沉默效应。用噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法和流式细胞法检测siRNA导致Omi／HtrA2基因沉默后。PC-3M细胞凋亡的变化。结果细胞免疫组织化学和RT-PCR均显示Omi／HtrA2在PC3M细胞中高表达。酶切和DNA测序证实合成的siR-NA基因序列正确。并已被准确克隆入psiRNA-hHlneo载体中。psiRNA-Omi／HtrA2载体可特异性抑制PC3M细胞中Omi／HtrA2的表达。转染psiRNA-Omi／HtrA2载体的PC-3M细胞凋亡下调。结论促凋亡因子Omi／HtrA2可导致前列腺癌细胞凋亡，Omi／HtrA2的表达对前列腺癌的发展有重要作用。     

高能聚焦超声治疗激素非依赖性前列腺癌

目的探讨高能聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗激素非依赖性前列腺癌的临床效果。方法对本组12例激素非依赖性前列腺癌行HIFU治疗，术后随访3—20个月，平均14个月。结果治疗前后血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）值分别为（42．5±20．2）ng／mL、（10．4±6．6）ng／mL；前列腺体积为（45．2±12．5）mL、（3．5±1．1）mL；国际前列腺症状评分为19．5±5．5、8．5±4．5，治疗前后比较具有显著差异（P〈0．05）；治疗并发症：轻度血尿2例。结论HIFU治疗激素非依赖性前列腺癌近期疗效确切、并发症少。     

高能聚焦超声治疗膀胱肿瘤的实验研究

为探索高能聚焦超声经腹治疗小鼠膀胱肿瘤的可行性，采用同系移植技术建立小鼠膀胱可移植性移行细胞癌模型，观察：１．ＨＩＦＵ对膀胱荷瘤鼠生存期的影响；２．荷瘤鼠生存曲线的变化；３．ＨＩＦＵ对荷瘤肿瘤体积及肿瘤重量的影响；４靶区肿瘤组织以及邻近组织超微结构变化。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗兔肾癌细胞株VX2的CT动态观察

目的 评估CT在高强度聚焦超声治疗兔VX2肾癌近期随访中的价值。方法 纯种新西兰白兔14只，建立原位肾癌动物模型。所有兔行CT检查后随机分成2组：对照组（5只），行高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）假照射，1月后CT检查；治疗组（9只），HIFU治疗后1周、1个月和2个月行CT检查。结果 （1）肿瘤强化：治疗前，所有肿瘤都有强化。对照组肿瘤在假照射后1个月依然都有强化；治疗组在治疗后1周，66．7％的肿瘤强化消失；治疗后1个月，88．9％的肿瘤强化消失；治疗后2个月和1个月相比肿瘤强化无明显变化。（2）肿瘤钙化：治疗后1月，治疗组77．8％的肿瘤出现钙化，对照组肿瘤始终无钙化。（3）肿瘤体积：对照组兔处死前的末次CT检查测得肿瘤体积和解剖后测得肿瘤体积比较，配对t检验，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；同法比较治疗组肿瘤体积，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。（4）治疗前CT测得体积和HIFU治疗点数之间有较好相关性（r=0．667，P＜0．05）。（5）病理观察：治疗后肿瘤细胞凝固性坏死，随访期中示纤维化、钙化改变；未治疗肿瘤生长旺盛。病理和CT结果一致。结论 CT检查可以为制定HIFU治疗计划提供参考；CT可以作为HIFU治疗肾癌后良好的随访手段；CT随访宜在治疗后1个月进行。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗晚期胰腺癌128例分析

目的 评价高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗晚期胰腺癌的作用、安全性和有效性.方法 分析了128例晚期胰腺癌患者(Ⅲ期41例,Ⅳ期87例)接受HIFU治疗,通过临床症状、实验室检查、影像学变化和生存期等观察疗效.结果 全组病例未发生严重不良反应,22.9％患者癌抗原19-9下降,疼痛缓解,有效率为72.5％.局灶近期疗效为部分缓解11.7％,稳定70.3％,进展18.0％.1年生存率为16.7％,中位生存期为7.0个月.其中Ⅲ期患者1年生存率为28.5％,中位生存期为9.0个月;Ⅳ期患者1年生存率为10.8％,中位生存期为6.0个月.结论 HIFU治疗能够有效稳定瘤灶、缓解疼痛、延长患者生存期且不良反应少,显示了良好的临床价值.     

Transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of localized prostate cancer: factors influencing the outcome

OBJECTIVES: Efficacy evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for localized prostate cancer and identification of the factors affecting the outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 102 patients with prostate cancer stage T1-T2 and noncandidates for radical prostatectomy have been treated with HIFU (Ablatherm, EDAP-Technomed). The disease progression (failure) was strictly defined by any positive sample at control biopsies, whatever the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, or by 3 consecutive increases in PSA levels in case of negative biopsies. RESULTS: At inclusion, patients' baseline characteristics were (mean +/- standard deviation): age 70.8 (+/-6.13) years, PSA 8.38 (+/-4.8) ng/ml, prostate volume 33.3 (+/-16.71) cm3. The population mean follow-up was 19 months (3-76 months). The overall success rate was 66%. Statistically significant variations of the overall success with a more favorable outcome were observed when (1) the initial PSA level was < or =10 ng/ml (73 vs. 50%, p = 0.02), (2) the Gleason score was < or =6 (81 vs. 46%, p<0.001) and (3) the pretreatment sextant biopsy evidenced 1-4 positive samples (68 vs. 40%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Results observed after HIFU treatment in localized prostate cancer are now challenging those obtained after radiation therapy. The success rate is influenced by disease-related prognostic factors.     

Local control of prostate cancer by transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound therapy: preliminary results

PURPOSE: We conducted a phase I/II study to evaluate the efficacy of transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of localized prostate cancer and to assess associated complications. The efficacy of a new high intensity ultrasound device was evaluated using post-treatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and histological results from prostate biopsies as end points. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 113 transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound sessions were performed in 50 patients with localized prostate cancer, who were not suitable candidates for radical prostatectomy. Of these patients 2 underwent salvage ultrasound treatment for locally recurrent cancer following definitive radiation therapy. Mean plus or minus standard deviation patient age, PSA and prostate volume were 70.7+/-4.54 years, 9.61+/-7.42 ng./ml. and 37.3+/-19.1 cc. The 2 different high intensity ultrasound prototypes were successfully used, and the latter prototype included several safety devices to reduce morbidity. Median followup was 24 months (range 3 to 46). Control parameters were changes in PSA and random control sextant biopsies at 1 to 3, 3 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36 and 36 to 48 months. RESULTS: For the evaluation of therapy patients were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (complete response) included 28 patients (56%) with no residual cancer and PSA less than 4 ng./ml. (mean 0.93), group 2 (biochemical failure) 3 patients (6%) with no residual cancer and PSA greater than 4 ng./ml. (mean 6.22), group 3 (biochemical control) 9 patients (18%) with residual cancer (mean positive biopsy 1.1 of 6) and PSA less than 4 ng./ml. (mean 0.90), and group 4 (failures) 10 patients (20%) with residual cancer (mean positive biopsies 1.9 of 6) and PSA greater than 4 ng./ml. (mean 8.9). Of the 10 cases in group 4 hormone therapy was required in 3 and radiotherapy in 5. Complication rate with the first prototype device was 50% and it decreased to 17% with the second prototype. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity associated with high intensity focused ultrasound treatment is currently minimal. Local control of the localized prostate cancer was observed in groups 1, 2 and 3 (80%). Repeat sessions were deferred in groups 2 and 3 based on changes in PSA. These preliminary data suggest that high intensity focused ultrasound represents a valid alternative treatment strategy for patients with localized prostate cancer who are unsuitable for surgery.     

Outcomes of partial gland ablation using high intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer

BackgroundTo evaluate the clinical and oncological outcomes of partial gland ablation (PGA) using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technique for the clinically unilateral prostate cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis for the 163 patients who treated by PGA for clinically unilateral prostate cancer. The PGA was performed using Focal one system with concurrent trans-urethral prostatectomy. The oncological and functional outcomes were evaluated as well as risk factors for remnant disease after PGA. Clinically significant cancer was defined as grade group ≥2.ResultsAmong the entire subjects, grade group 2 or greater was present at pre-treatment biopsy in 76.7%. Median follow-up time was 17 months and 60.1% of total subjects had follow-up biopsy at postoperative 1 year. There were 25 subjects (24.2%) with any cancer and 13 subjects (12.6%) with CS cancer at the follow-up biopsy. The preoperative age and number of positive cores at preoperative biopsy were significantly associated with positive results at follow-up biopsy. Incontinence which requires 2 or more pads per day was observed at 4 subjects (2.5%) postoperatively. There were no subjects who needed intensive care or experienced rectal complications.ConclusionThe PGA with HIFU was safe and showed good preservation of functional outcomes as well as satisfactory oncological control. The remnant disease was observed in the 24.5% of patients who underwent follow-up biopsy in the present study. Thus, further prospective study is needed to evaluate oncological and functional outcomes of PGA with HIFU more accurately.     

Morbidity associated with repeated transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of localized prostate cancer

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare single with repeated high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment in patients with localized prostate cancer, regarding treatment-related morbidity. A number of 223 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with HIFU. Among them, 174 (78%) patients had one treatment, while 49 (22%) needed a second treatment. The patients’ status and treatment-related side effects were followed up. The complications rates after one HIFU in 223 patients were: urinary tract infection 0.4%, chronic pelvic pain 0.9%, infravesical obstruction 19.7%, stressincontinence 7.6%, impotence 49.8%. Among the 49 patients who received a second HIFU therapy, the cumulative incontinence rate (12.2%; P = 0.024) and cumulative impotence rate (55%; P < 0.001) were significantly increased. Although there is an increase in morbidity if transrectal HIFU is repeated, the risk of side effects related to additional HIFU sessions in the case of primary treatment failure is still low.