生物电阻抗测定用于老年人体成分分析

目的了解老年人体成分含量和其构成比特点。方法采用人体成分分析仪对随机入选本院门诊因老年退行性骨关节病理疗和/或康复训练的30例老年人进行人体成分测定分析(老年组);同时测定20名本院男性中青年健康职工人体成分,作为对照(中青年组)。结果老年组和中青年组人体成分:体脂百分比老年组(28.8±5.7)%明显高于中青年组(19.8±5.7)%,差异有显著性(P<0.001);肌肉和矿物质含量老年组明显低于中青年组,差异有显著性(P<0.001);水肿指数老年组有22例高于正常值,中青年组只有1人高于正常值。上肢,下肢和躯干各阶段非脂肪物质含量和其占体重百分比老年组均明显低于中青年组,差异有显著性(P均<0.001)。体内水含量占体重百分比:细胞外液含量老年组(17.5±1.4)%,青年组(18.2±1.2)%,差异无显著性(P>0.05);而细胞内液老年组(31.9±2.8)%明显低于中青年组(37.5±2.9)%,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。结论老年人体内肌肉含量明显减少,脂肪含量明显增多,脂肪分布不均,过多地沉积于腹部。水平衡发生变化,体液量减少主要为细胞内液减少,细胞外液相对增多。     

厦门市学龄前儿童体成分分析

目的了解学龄前儿童体成分对于评价儿童营养生长状况的价值。方法选取厦门市区8所幼儿园3~6岁正常儿童1 243名,采用生物电阻抗法进行体成分测定。结果 3~6岁男女童体脂率随年龄增长而降低,且女童体脂率大于男童,去脂体重、去脂体重率随年龄增长而增加,且男童去脂体重率大于女童,基础代谢率随年龄增长而增加,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);3~6岁男童体质指数随年龄增加而降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);3~6岁女童体质指数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论生物电阻抗法检查儿童身体成分,评价儿童营养生长状况,在儿童保健门诊或托幼机构可以作为指导儿童合理饮食安排和运动的参考依据。     

人体脂成分的测定与肾功能关系的分析

目的研究人体脂成分与机体肾脏功能之间的相关性。方法通过生物电阻抗分析测定446例研究对象的人体成分,同时采用常规方法测定该研究对象的血肌酐及尿素氮水平,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果人体脂成分的测定结果与血肌酐水平具有良好的相关性。(P<0.05)。结论人体脂成分与肌酐水平关系密切,具有预测性,通过上述因素建立回归方程能够对于机体肾功能水平作出更加完善的评价。     

人体脂成分的测定与肾功能关系的分析

目的 研究人体脂成分与机体肾脏功能之间的相关性.方法 通过生物电阻抗分析测定446例研究对象的人体成分,同时采用常规方法测定该研究对象的血肌酐及尿素氮水平,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 人体脂成分的测定结果与血肌酐水平具有良好的相关性.(P＜0.05).结论 人体脂成分与肌酐水平关系密切,具有预测性,通过上述因素建立回归方程能够对于机体肾功能水平作出更加完善的评价.     

应用生物电阻抗法测定部队士兵人体成分

应用生物电阻抗（BIA）法测定314名部队士兵的人体成分。年龄（20．3±1．5）岁，身高（171．2±5．7）cm，体重（61．8±6．9）kg，体质指数（BMI）21．1±2．1，瘦体（L）（55．2±5．8）kg，L占体重（89．6±7．1）％，脂肪（F）（6．6±4．9）kg，F占体重（10．4±7．1）％；BIA、理想体重和BMI三种方法对肥胖的检出率分别为8．3％，36．2％和6．7％，BIA法与理想体重法有非常显著性差异，BIA法与BMI法差异不显著，但两者一致性较差；年龄、体重、电阻抗（Z）、BMI、F与F％为非常显著性正相关。结果提示：（1）部队士兵随着年龄的增高，F有增多的趋势；（2）受试人群营养状况良好，锻炼强度适宜；（3）理想体重法与BMI法判断肥胖，不适用于全训部队士兵。     

南京市3～6岁学龄前儿童体成分分析

目的 了解南京市学龄前儿童身体成分特征,为丰富儿童健康评价内容提供线索。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年1月就诊于南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科门诊的3～6岁正常儿童2 010名,常规进行体格测量,同时运用生物电阻抗法(InBodyJ20)对其进行人体体成分测定,检测指标包括身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、蛋白质、无机质、体水分、肌肉量、骨骼肌、体脂肪量等,并对测量结果进行分析检验。结果 人体成分与性别有关,男童身高、体重、BMI、蛋白质百分比、体水分百分比、肌肉量百分比、去脂体重率、骨骼肌百分比均高于女童,体脂百分比低于女童,差异有统计学意义(t=3.50、3.61、2.72、6.97、7.49、7.35、7.06、8.32、-7.22,P<0.05);男女童BMI、体脂百分比各年龄组间变化差异有统计学意义(F_BMI男=23.78、F_BMI女=13.66、F_{体脂百分比,男}=32.34、F_{体脂百分比,女}=9.82,P<0.05),且均随着年龄增长呈先降低后升高的趋势,其中3、4岁组高于...     

分娩巨大儿孕妇孕中期母体体成分分析

目的将巨大儿孕妇孕中期母体体成分与正常孕妇比较,分析之间的异同。方法选择在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院建卡并分娩单胎巨大儿的孕妇64例,并选取同时期建卡、足月分娩的单胎健康孕妇268例,回顾性分析这些孕妇在孕中期20至27^(+6)周母体体成分的异同。结果分娩巨大儿孕妇组身高、孕前体重、BMI、检查时体重、体重增长、年龄和生产孕周均高于正常组(F值分别为0.005、2.137、5.642、1.296、1.725、4.924、0.473,均P<0.05);在母体成分方面,细胞外液、细胞内液、水分含量、蛋白质、矿物质、骨骼肌肉量、去脂体重、体脂肪和内脏脂肪比例,分娩巨大儿孕妇组均明显高于正常组(F值分别为0.041、0.065、0.013、0.060、0.132、0.031、0.034、5.044、0.467,均P<0.01);而水分百分比、蛋白质百分比和矿物质百分比,分娩巨大儿孕妇低于正常组(F值分别为1.541、0.357、8.128,均P<0.01)。结论分娩巨大儿的孕妇在孕中期的体成分组分异于正常组,孕期的体重增长可能是一种体脂和去脂体重比例不合理的增长模式,这也许是导致巨大儿发生的原因之一。     

2型糖尿病患者人体成分测定分析

目的了解糖尿病患者与正常人群人体成分的差异,探讨中心性肥胖与糖尿病发生发展的关系。方法完全随机选取糖尿病患者67名作为病例组,65名健康体检者作为对照组。利用人体成分分析仪分别测量病例组和对照组的蛋白质含量、矿物质含量、脂肪含量、瘦体重、腰围、臀围等指标。同时测定血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、碱性磷酸酶。结果糖尿病患者的腰围和腰臀比分别为(91.768±5.200),(0.948±0.045)cm,均明显高于对照组(87.597±9.630),(0.931±0.053)cm(P<0.05);其他指标差异无统计学意义。除体重、瘦体重、体质指数、体脂百分数外,性别对其他检测结果影响差异无统计学意义;并且糖尿病患者腰臀比、腰围均与高密度脂蛋白呈负相关(P<0.05)。腰围与血糖,腰臀比与甘油三酯、碱性磷酸酶均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病患者的人体成分除体脂分布异常外,其他指标均与健康人无明显差异。提示中心性肥胖与糖尿病发生可能存在一定关系。     

8—13岁儿童体成分测定

应用生物电阻抗法及皮褶厚度两种方法对8－13岁的男女学生238名进行238体成分测定。结果表明，生物电阻抗法测定的体脂百分比（F％）、体脂肪量（F）和瘦体重（L），男生分别为21．6％、7．9kg和28．9kg，女生为24.4％、8.7kg和26.3kg；皮褶厚度计算的F％。F、L，男生分别为15.7％、5．9kg和30．1kg，女生为18．3％、6．7kg和28．4kg。两种方法计算的体成分有一定差异。     

Body composition and physical fitness in a cohort of US military medical students.

Medical school requires that students balance academic schedules with other lifestyle demands, including nutrition, physical fitness, and wellness. We retrospectively reviewed trends in body composition and physical fitness of a cohort of military medical students attending the Uniformed Services University. Although students were able to maintain muscular endurance and body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, as measured by a timed 1.5-mile run, declined significantly over a 2-yr period.     

军校大学生健康危险行为调查

目的 了解某军校大学生健康危险行为现况,为军校有针对性地制定和实施干预措施提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,选取某军校1 022名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果 48.24%的大学生喜欢吃甜食,33.27%偏食,29.06%认为超重,23.39%不遵守交通规则;64.58%的大学生感觉压力大,57.24%常感到孤独,34.25%担心某事而失眠;98.73%的大学生使用互联网,29.84%上网时间超过自己的预想,19.18%参加过类似打牌的娱乐性活动。结论 军校大学生的健康危险行为不容忽视,加强健康教育和行为干预非常必要。     

Body composition measurement in severe obesity

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Severe obesity is accompanied by large increases in fat mass and alterations in the composition of fat free mass, in particular total body water and its extracellular compartment. The physical size limitations imposed by severe obesity, and variations in body composition from that of normal weight, pose tremendous challenges to the measurement of body composition. This review focuses on some of the methodological and practical issues associated with the use of common body composition methods, and identifies available published information on feasible methods for use in the severely obese. RECENT FINDINGS: There is little published research regarding what body composition methods can be used with confidence in the severely obese populations. A simple three-compartment model combining measurements of body density by air displacement plethysmography and total body water by bio-electrical impedance can provide measurements of percentage body fat in the severely obese that are comparable with a traditional, highly technical three-compartment model requiring facilities such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry along with a substantial technical expertise. SUMMARY: This review highlights some of the basic challenges faced by researchers and clinicians when conducting body composition assessments in severely obese patients. A simple three-compartment model that is accurate and easy to perform appears to be promising for use in this population. Further research is needed, however, on this and other feasible methods of body composition assessment in a diverse group of severely obese people.     

480例军校学员视疲劳的临床研究

目的观察军校学员视疲劳的临床特点，探讨处理原则。方法分析480例视疲劳军校学员的病史、眼科检查及治疗情况。结果视疲劳的症状复杂多样，无特异性，为多因素所致，其中以屈光不正、配戴不合适眼镜、操作电脑终端等为主要因素。隐斜视和调节、集合功能异常也为常见因素。结论视疲劳防治困难，必须全面分析病史，详细检查，针对病因采取综合治疗。     

新疆某高校在职教职工体成分分析

目的了解新疆高校教职工随年龄变化身体成分和脂肪分布变化特点及肥胖发展趋势情况,为改善新疆高校教职工的身体健康状况提供理论依据。方法采用人体成分分析仪对新疆某高校25～54岁的210名教职工进行测试,对测试结果进行统计分析,比较不同年龄段教职工体成分状况。结果 25～54岁年龄段教职工体脂率、腰臀比随年龄增长而呈递增的趋势,蛋白质总量、BMI值和脂肪控制水平随着年龄增加呈先升后降趋势,体内无机盐含量随着年龄的增大呈现逐渐减少的趋势。结论高校教职工应养成良好的体育生活方式,控制饮食,改变饮食结构,针对身体成分和脂肪分布特点而制定相应年龄段和不同性别的运动处方。     

人体成分测量方法及其临床应用

人体成分测量可以评价体内各种成分的含量,了解人体基本健康状况,对多种疾病的诊断、治疗、检测和预后进行评估,具有重要价值。一旦人体成分比例失衡,将会严重影响健康。人体成分测量方法一般分为局部测量法和全身测量法。局部测量法包括皮褶厚度法、超声检测法、计算机断层扫描法和核磁共振法;全身测量法包括人体测量法、水下称重法、空气置换法、生物电阻抗法、近红外线吸收法、双能X线吸收法、同位素稀释法、钾同位素测定法和三维人体扫描法等。本文对人体成分测量方法及其临床应用进行分析概述。     

游泳教学对军校学员心理健康的影响

目的探讨游泳教学对军校学员心理健康的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取350人,进行6周游泳教学,以SCL-90为测评工具,进行游泳教学前后SCL-90因子得分的配对T检验,并按性别、专业、出生环境和学员成分分组,进行组内前后比较。结果①游泳教学后,除躯体化外,军校学员总体SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);②游泳教学后,除躯体化、恐怖因子外,男性学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化外,女性学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);③游泳教学后,除躯体化、恐怖因子外,独生子女SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化外,非独生子女SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);④游泳教学后,除躯体化因子外,军队统招学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化、焦虑和恐怖外,地方自费学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);⑤游泳教学后,临床专业学员SCL-90强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子得分显著降低(P<0.05);护理专业学员强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对因子得分显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化、敌对和恐怖外,其他专业学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论游泳教学对军校学员的心理健康有明显的促进作用,游泳教学是实施心理健康教育的有效途径。     

某高校住院大学生疾病构成分析

目的 分析首都师范大学生住院疾病构成情况,为制定大学生预防保健措施提供依据.方法 对该校2007年1月—2011年12月在校大学生出院资料按国际疾病分类ICD-10进行前10位疾病构成比统计分析.结果 5年间共有住院大学生526例,影响大学生健康的前5位疾病是消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒、传染病、肿瘤,构成比分别是20.72％、16.73％、11.79％、10.08％、9.13％.男生损伤性疾病、泌尿系统疾病住院率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 加强大学生健康教育和健康促进,制定综合防治措施重点对多发疾病进行有效预防控制.     

Body composition changes during the first two years of university

Objective

Changes in body weight, composition, and shape were investigated in male and female college students between the freshman and sophomore years.

Methods

Changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), percent and absolute body fat and fat-free mass (via bioelectrical impedance), and waist circumference (via body scans) were assessed over the freshman and sophomore years (2007-2009) among 120 students attending a Southern public university.

Results

Weight (2.5 and 1.7 lbs) and BMI gains (0.3 and 0.3 kg/m²) did not significantly differ between the freshman and sophomore years, respectively. Significantly more percent body fat and fat mass were gained during the freshman (1.9% and 3.3 lbs, respectively) than the sophomore year (0.0% and 0.6 lbs, respectively). Females lost significantly more fat-free mass during the freshman (−0.8 lb) than during the sophomore year (1.0 lb). Changes in waist circumference and weight were significantly correlated. Increases in the percentages of females classified as overweight and with unhealthy body fat amounts and waist circumferences were observed.

Conclusion

While the sophomore year was characterized by slightly healthier body composition changes than the freshman year, the gains in weight, fat mass, and waist circumference measurements suggest increased health risks for many college females.     

Relationship of body composition to body-fatness estimation in Japanese university students

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between self-estimated whole body size and fatness and whole body and regional composition, and the relationship between self-estimated whole body fatness and self-estimated regional fatness in Japanese university students. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This was a cross-sectional study using Japanese university students (110 men and 79 women). The percentage of body fat, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by underwater weighing and used as body composition variables. Subcutaneous fat thicknesses were determined at seven sites by ultrasonography to estimate regional body composition, and six circumferences and four breadths to estimate regional size. Relative body size and fatness were self-estimated using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Only women tended to estimate themselves as being fatter than they actually were. Self-estimated body fatness moderately correlated with the percentage of body fat (men, r = 0.41; women, r = 0.40) FM (men, r = 0.50; women, r = 0.51), and body mass index (r = 0.56 for men and 0.56 for women). After adjusting for the percentages of body fat and FM, self-estimated fatness correlated with body mass index (r = 0.31 for men and r = 0.37 for women). Among self-estimated regional fatness, self-estimated abdominal fatness had the strongest correlation with self-estimated whole body fatness in both genders. DISCUSSION: The low correlation between estimated and actual body fatness in both genders indicates that Japanese university students, especially women, inaccurately estimate their percentage of body fat. In fact, both men and women primarily estimate their whole body fatness by body weight relative to height.