Experimental study of adenovirus vector mediated-h VEGF<Subscript>165</Subscript> gene on prevention of restenosis after angioplasty

Summary This study evaluated the effects of adenovirus vector mediated human vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (hVEGF₁₆₅) gene on prevention of restenosis after angioplasty. Rabbit models of bilateral carotid artery injury were established by balloon denudation. The recombinant adenoviruses containing hVEGF₁₆₅ cDNA was directly injected into left side of the injured carotid arteries. On day 3 and week 3 after transfection the expression of VEGF was observed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The thrombokinesis, reendothelialization (rET) and intimal hyperplasia in carotid arteries were evaluated by computerized image analysis system 3 weeks after gene transfer. The changes in the VEGF gene-treated side were compared with the control side. Our results showed that 3 days and 3 weeks after hVEGF₁₆₅ gene transfer the VEGF mRNA and antigen expression were detectedin vivo. 3 weeks after the transfer, the carotid artery rET was markedly better in the VEGF gene-treated group compared with the control. The thrombokinesis, intima area/media area (I/M), maximal intimal and medial thicknesses (IT_max and MT_max) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in arteries treated with VEGF gene as compared with the control group. It is concluded that VEGF gene transfer could be achieved by intra-arterial injection of recombinant adenoviruses. It might accelerate the restoration of endothelial integrity, inhibit thrombokinesis and attenuate intimal hyperplasia in the injured arteries after VEGF gene transfer. This procedure could be useful in preventing restenosis after angioplasty. Liu Qigong, male, born in 1968, Associate Professor This project was supported by a grant from Wuhan Chenguang Program (No. 20015005048)     

多种病理因素对血管内皮细胞增殖与凋亡的影响及VEGF的干预作用

目的 研究缺氧、H2O2、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(OX-LDL)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)对血管内皮细胞(VEC)增殖、凋亡和凋亡相关基因表达的影响及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的干预作用,探讨VEGF预防经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后再狭窄和支架内血栓形成的机制.方法 将VEC分成对照组、缺氧处理组、缺氧+VEGF处理组、H2O2处理组、H2O2+VEGF处理组、OX-LDL处理组、OX-LDL+VEGF处理组、TNF-α处理组和TNF-α+VEGF处理组.利用四氮唑盐比色法检测各组细胞吸光度值,观察VEC增殖情况,采用原位末端标记法和流式细胞术观察各组细胞凋亡情况,通过RT-PCR法了解各组细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2与Apo-1/Fas mRNA表达情况.结果 缺氧、H2O2、OX-LDL和TNF-α处理组凋亡细胞和Apo-1/Fas mRNA表达明显多于对照组和相应VEGF处理组,而细胞增殖和Bcl-2 mRNA表达则明显低于对照组和相应VEGF处理组(均P<0.01).结论 缺氧、H2O2、OX-LDL和TNF-α能抑制VEC增殖,诱导VEC凋亡,而VEGF能部分拮抗上述作用,其抗凋亡作用可能与Bcl-2 mRNA表达上调和Apo-1/Fas mRNA表达下调有关,为VEGF用于预防PCI后再狭窄和支架内血栓形成进一步提供了理论依据.     

Construction and Identification of Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Containing the hVEGF165 Gene

Summary To construct the recombinant adenovirus vector containing the cDNA for human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF₁₆₅), the cDNA for hVEGF₁₆₅ was subcloned into pACCMV · pLpA. Subsequently, this recombinant pACCMV · hVEGF was co-transfected into 293 cells together with pJM17 to obtain the replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus containing hVEGF gene — Ad-CMV · hVEGF. The VEGF gene expression was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot in rabbit aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) infected with AdCMV · hVEGF. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with the conditioned medium (CM) from above mentioned VSMC infected with AdCMV · hVEGF to observe the effect of VEGF on proliferation of HUVEC. 48 h after the infection with AdCMV · hVEGF, VSMC demonstrated VEGF expression, and the expressed VEGF could stimulate the proliferation of HUVECin vitro. Successfully prepared AdCMV · hVEGF₁₆₅ could express biologically active VEGF in infected VSMC, and stimulate proliferation of HUVEC.     

血管内皮生长因子拮抗缺氧诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡及其机制研究

目的研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和缺氧对血管内皮细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2与Apo-1/FasmRNA表达的影响,探讨VEGF用于预防经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)后再狭窄的机制。方法将体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(hUVEC)分成对照组、缺氧处理组、缺氧 VEGF处理组,12h后采用原位末端标记法、流式细胞术观察各组细胞的凋亡发生情况,通过RT-PCR法观察各组细胞中凋亡相关基因Bcl-2与Apo-1/FasmRNA表达的变化。结果与对照组和缺氧 VEGF处理组比较,缺氧处理组凋亡细胞及FasmRNA表达明显增加,Bcl-2mRNA表达明显下降,而VEGF能拮抗上述作用。结论VEGF能拮抗缺氧诱导的内皮细胞凋亡,其抗凋亡的机制可能与上调Bcl-2mRNA表达与下调Apo-1/FasmRNA表达有关。从而为VEGF预防再狭窄进一步提供了理论依据。     

Experimental Study of Adenovirus Vector Mediated-hVEGF165 Gene on Prevention of Restenosis after Angioplasty

This study evaluated the effects of adenovirus vector mediated human vascular endotheli-al growth factor-165 (hVEGF165) gene on prevention of restenosis after angioplasty. Rabbit models of bilateral carotid artery injury were established by balloon denudation. The recombinant adenovi-ruses containing hVEGF165 cDNA was directly injected into left side of the injured carotid arteries.On day 3 and week 3 after transfection the expression of VEGF was observed by RT-PCR and im-munohistochemistry. The thrombokinesis, reendothelialization (rET) and intimal hyperplasia in ca-rotid arteries were evaluated by computerized image analysis system 3 weeks after gene transfer,The changes in the VEGF gene-treated side were compared with the control side. Our results showed that 3 days and 3 weeks after hVEGF165 gene transfer the VEGF mRNA and antigen ex-pression were detected in vivo. 3 weeks after the transfer, the carotid artery rET was markedly better in the VEGF gene-treated group compared with the control. The thrombokinesis, intima are-a/media area (I/M), maximal intimal and medial thicknesses (ITmax and MTmax) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in arteries treated with VEGF gene as compared with the control group. It is concluded that VEGF gene transfer could be achieved by intra-arterial injection of re-combinant adenoviruses. It might accelerate the restoration of endothelial integrity, inhibit throm-bokinesis and attenuate intimal hyperplasia in the injured arteries after VEGF gene transfer. This procedure could be useful in preventing restenosis after angioplasty.     

蜕皮甾酮对TNF所致脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用的初步观察

目的 观察肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）对体外培养的脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）分泌功能及能量代谢的影响,及应用植物药物成分蜕皮甾酮（ＥＤＳ）进行防治的效果。方法 ①ＭＴＴ法对培养内皮细胞琥碧酸脱氢酶活必的影响。②内皮细胞培养上清液ＥＴ、ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＬＤＨ、ＳＯＤ测定。③采用反相高效液相色谱分析法测定内皮细胞ＡＴＰ、ＡＤＰ、ＡＭＰ及能荷。结果 ＴＮＦ与内皮细胞孵育后低浓度、早期内皮细胞被激活,随着ＴＮＦ     

体外和体内内皮化在胶原包埋羟基磷灰石涂层的人工机械瓣膜的实验研究

目的：通过体外内皮化和体内内皮化,探讨沉积胶原包埋羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层人工机械瓣膜的可行性及其在人工机械瓣膜支架体内的再细胞化能力。方法制备犬血管内皮细胞（VEC）悬液,接种在胶原包埋 HA 涂层人工机械瓣膜材料上,置培养箱内分组培养如下：①37℃孵箱中静态培养2周;②动态旋转培养装置中培养2周,比较两组 VEC 分泌一氧化氮（NO）、前列环素（PGI2）水平;再分别将人工机械瓣膜植入犬右心房,术后6周,取出部分材料,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察 VEC 在 HA 材料上的附着情况,了解 HA支架材料在体内的再细胞化能力。结果与静态系统相比,人工机械瓣膜在动态旋转系统构建胶原包埋 HA 涂层 VEC分泌 NO 、PGI2水平显著升高（P ＜0．05）;在犬右心房人工机械瓣膜取出材料中,动态旋转系统构建胶原包埋 HA 涂层VEC 层均匀分布,并有心脏内皮细胞附着,而静态培养系统中 VEC 层分布不均匀,胶原包埋 HA 涂层有心脏血管内皮细胞附着,而单纯人工机械瓣薄膜表面出现较多的血栓形成。结论动态旋转系统中构建的组织工程化瓣膜模型中, VEC 可能成为组织工程化机械瓣膜材料;胶原包埋的 HA 涂层人工机械瓣膜有利于 VEC 的黏附和生长。     

tPA和VEGF165基因共表达质粒对人血管细胞增殖的影响和纤溶作用

目的：观察组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）和血管内皮细胞生长因子165（VEGF165）基因共表达质粒在血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）中的表达,并研究表达产物对血管内皮细胞（VEC）和VSMC增殖的影响和纤溶作用。方法：用脂质体转染法将tPA和VEGF165的共表达质粒pBudCE4.1/tPA-VEGF165转染VSMC,逆转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）分别从mRNA水平和蛋白质水平检测tPA和VEGF165的表达;纤溶蛋白板法检测转染基因的VSMC培养基中tPA的纤溶活性;取转染pBudCE4.1/tPA-VEGF165质粒的VSMC培养基培养VEC和VSMC,用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT法）和流式细胞技术检测转基因VSMC的细胞培养基对VEC和VSMC增殖的影响。结果：pBudCE4.1/tPA-VEGF165转染VSMC后,RT-PCR和ELISA检测发现,tPA和VEGF165在mRNA和蛋白质水平均有表达;转基因培养基有明显促进纤溶和促VEC增殖作用,而对VSMC增殖无作用。结论：tPA和VEGF165基因共表达质粒pBudCE4.1/tPA-VEGF165能在VSMC表达有生物学活性的tPA和VEGF165,为tPA和VEGF165基因转染防治移植心脏内血管狭窄奠定了基础。     

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor165-regulated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines Invasion and Migration Involve Expression and Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） overexpression on matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） cells in vitro and the possible mechanism involved were investigated, and the correlation between the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in NPC evaluated. The NPC cells were transfected with PAd-trackVEGF165 plasmid. The expression levels of VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein in NPC cells were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. It was found that the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in NPC cells after transfection of VEGF 165. It was concluded that the expression of VEGF was correlated to the in vitro invasion of NPC cells, and the induction of MMP-2 by VEGF was a key process of NPC cell invasion.     

外源性血管内皮生长因子对损伤脊髓的作用

目的 研究外源性血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)局部应用对大鼠损伤脊髓神经组织的作用.方法采用改良Allen氏重量打击法大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型.脊髓打击性损伤后,将模型大鼠随机分组,并依组别在蛛网膜下腔分别给药.A组:生理盐水10μL,B组:Matrigel蛋白胶10 μL,C组:重组人VEGF165 0.2 μg+Matr...     

反义寡核苷酸对血管瘤内皮细胞VEGF表达的影响

目的探讨反义寡核苷酸(AS-ODN)对培养的血管瘤内皮细胞中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelialgrowth factor,VEGF)表达的影响。方法将VEGF反义寡核苷酸(AS-ODN)、正义寡核苷酸(S-ODN)和错义寡核苷酸(M-ODN)分别转染至体外培养的皮肤血管瘤内皮细胞中,采用RT-PCR技术检测各组细胞中VEGF mRNA的表达水平;ELISA法检测各组细胞培养上清液中VEGF蛋白分泌的改变。结果 RT-PCR结果显示:AS-ODN组VEGF mR-NA表达水平较空白对照组明显下降,而S-ODN组、M-ODN组与空白对照组比较,其VEGF mRNA表达未见明显改变。ELISA结果显示:AS-ODN组细胞培养上清液中的VEGF蛋白分泌浓度较空白对照组明显下降,而S-ODN组、M-ODN组与空白对照组比较,VEGF浓度未见明显变化。结论 VEGF AS-ODN转染可以有效地抑制血管瘤内皮细胞VEGF mRNA表达,降低VEGF蛋白分泌,从而有效地抑制血管瘤内皮细胞的生长。     

血管内皮细胞生长因子基因在骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达

目的： 研究血管内皮细胞生长因血管内皮细胞生长因子基因在骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达子（VEGF）基因转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）后的表达和分泌情况,为构建一种血供丰富、成骨能力及骨块存活能力更强的组织工程化人工颅骨奠定实验室基础。方法： 应用基因重组技术,将VEGF165基因全长片段克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3中,构建pcDNA3-VEGF165真核表达质粒;应用阳离子脂质体介导的基因转染技术,将pcDNA3-VEGF165真核表达质粒转染进入兔骨髓间充质干细胞中;利用RT-PCR及Western blotting方法检测VEGF基因在MSCs中的表达情况。结果： 构建的真核表达质粒-pcDNA3-VEGF165经双酶切后分别在5 400 bp和600 bp处出现条带,证实其构建成 功;成功进行了兔MSCs的原代及传代培养,并建立兔MSCs库,原代细胞初为淋巴细胞样小圆细胞,此后逐渐变为圆形、梭形或不规则形,而传代细胞则变为形态更均一、排列更有序的成纤维细胞样细胞;RT-PCR及Western blotting检测到瞬时转染后的细胞有VEGF mRNA及VEGF蛋白的表达。结论： pcDNA3-VEGF165真核表达质粒通过脂质体能够有效转染兔MSCs,转染后的细胞具有表达VEGF蛋白的能力。     

构建及在血管内皮细胞中的表达

目的:构建人血管内皮细胞生长因子165(VEGF165)及绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的融合蛋白真核表达质粒,并检测其在血管内皮细胞中的表达.方法:采用PCR扩增VEGF165基因全长,并将其定向克隆入pEGFP-N1的多克隆位点,构建pEGFP/VEGF165重组质粒,经酶切、PCR及序列分析鉴定,脂质体介导转染体外培养的血管内皮细胞,荧光显微镜、RT-PCR及Western免疫印迹等方法检测EGFP/VEGF融合蛋白的表达.结果:PCR、酶切及测序证实目的基因VEGF165正确连接至pEGFP-N1的多克隆位点,pEGFP/VEGF165重组质粒转染血管内皮细胞后,荧光显微镜、RT-PCR及Western免疫印迹检测均显示EGFP/VEGF蛋白在血管内皮细胞中表达.结论:成功构建了携带人VEGF165及EGFP报告基因的融合蛋白真核表达质粒,pEGFP/VEGF165可在血管内皮细胞中表达,此为进一步研究VEGF基因治疗缺血性血管疾病奠定了实验基础.     

阿托伐他汀对血管内皮细胞增殖过程中FKBP12mRNA和细胞上清液ET-1的影响

目的探讨不同浓度阿托伐他汀对血管内皮细胞（VEC）增殖过程中FK506结合蛋白12（FKBP12）表达和细胞上清液ET-1的影响。方法培养大鼠VEC并传代,观察其不同浓度阿托伐他汀作用下的不同时期FKBP12mRNA水平的表达和细胞上清液ET-1的变化。结果阿托伐他汀抑制血管内皮细胞增殖过程中FK—BP12的表达,抑制血管内皮细胞合成和分泌ET-1;血管内皮细胞FKBP12表达和ET-1分泌基本一致,呈正相关,阿托伐他汀对它们的抑制作用且呈时间依赖性和剂量依赖性。结论阿托伐他汀通过降低FKBP12表达抑制血管内皮细胞增殖并对ET-1合成和分泌起负性调节作用。     

骨髓基质细胞源内皮细胞移植对血管性痴呆大鼠行为及VEGF蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）向血管内皮细胞诱导分化后移植对血管性痴呆（VD）大鼠行为及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）蛋白表达的影响.方法 采用2-AO法制作VD大鼠模型;经Y型电迷宫筛选健康SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=8）、PBS移植组（n=8）、BMSCs移植组（n=8）、BMSCs源内皮细胞移植组（VECs移植组,n=8）;移植30天后Y型电迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力;处死大鼠,大鼠脑切片检测VEGF蛋白表达、海马CA1区锥体细胞数.结果 VECs移植组、BMSCs移植组、PBS移植组大鼠学习记忆能力均较假手术组下降（P〈0.05）.移植后30天各组神经功能均有不同程度的恢复,VECs移植组大鼠的学习记忆能力显著优于BMSCs移植组（P〈0.05）;VECs移植组VEGF阳性细胞多于BMSCs移植组（P〈0.05）;VECs移植组海马CA1区锥体细胞数高于BMSCs移植组（P〈0.05）.结论 BMSCs源内皮细胞移植町改善VD大鼠学习记忆能力,增加VEGF蛋白表达和保护海马区神经元,显著优于BMSCs移植.     

Treatment of hemangioma by transfection of antisense VEGF gene

The effect of transfection of antisense vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） gene on the growth of hemangioma was studied. A total of 49 cases of capillary hemangiomas of the skin were collected. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PCNA in hemangioma tissues. According to the finding, 49 cases of hemangiomas fell into proliferating phase （27 cases） and involuting phase （22 cases） respectively. Another 5 cases of normal skin tissues adjacent to the tumor tissues served as control. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of VEGF in the tumor tissues and the normal tissues. The average absorbance （A） values and the average positive area rate of VEGF were measured by image analysis system （HPIAS-2000）. Endothelial cells from the tumor tissues in proliferating phase were cultured. Eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by sub-cloning, and transfected into human hemangioma endothelial cells by using cation liposome as vector. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay （IFA）, respectively, and the biological characteristics of the transfected endothelial cells were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry （FCM） after transfection. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of VEGF in proliferating endothelial cells was remarkably higher than those in involuting endothelial cells and normal endothelial cells （P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF between involuting endothelial cells and normal ones （P〉0.01）. Electrophoresis and sequencing indicated that the eukaryotic expression vector containing antisense VEGF gene, i.e. pcDNA3.1-VEGF, was success- fully constructed. After VEGF antisense RNA recombinant was transfected into hemangioma endothelial cells, RT-PCR revealed that the expression of VEGF mRNA in pcDNA-VEGF （V） group and blank group was obviously higher than that in pcDNA-VEGF （A） group, and that the expression of endogenous VEGF mRNA in pcDNA-VEGF （A） group was significantly inhibited. Immunohistochemical result demonstrated that, compared with blank group, there was statistically significant difference between pcDNA-VEGF （A） and pcDNA-VEGF （V） groups （P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference between pcDNA-VEGF （V） group and blank group （P〉0.05）. The activity of endothelial cell proliferation was reduced significantly after transfection, and obvious apoptosis occurred in hemangioma endothelial cells after transfection of antisense VEGF. It was suggested that VEGF plays an important role in the pathological change of hemangiomas by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Antisense VEGF gene transfection could effectively inhibit the growth of hemanioma endothelial cells.     

Effects of TNF-α and curcumin on the expression of VEGF in Raji and U937 cells and on angiogenesis in ECV304 cells

Background To better understand the possibilities of antiangiogenic tumor therapy and to assess possible side effects, we investigated the effect of tumour necrosis factor （TNF）-α and curcumin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in U937 and Raji cell lines and their effect on angiogenesis in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell （HUVECs）-derived cell line （ECV304）, and also the relationship between Notchl and VEGF. The aim of this study was to elucidate potential mechanisms controlling tumor neovascularization. Methods VEGF secreted by U937 and Raji cell lines was determined by ELISA. Angiogenesis was tested by network formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel. Levels of VEGF mRNA in U937 and Raji cells and Notchl mRNA levels in EV304 cells were determined by RT-PCR. Results Secretion of VEGF by U937 and Raji cells was increased by TNF-α treatment and suppressed by curcumin （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The mRNA expression of VEGF165 and VEGF121 （containing 165 and 121 amino acid residues, respectively） were detected in any fractions. TNF-α augmented the expression of VEGF165 and VEGF121 mRNA and curcumin reduced the expression （P 〈0. 01 ）. No networks or cords formed in control and curcumin groups. There was tube formation on matrigel in the supernatants of the Raji culture group and the supernatants groups treated by VEGF group and TNF-α in Raji cell. Notch1 mRNA was detected but there was no significant change in the VEGF group compared with control （P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusions Expressions of VEGF mRNA in U937 and Raji cells were increased by TNF-α and suppressed by curcumin. VEGF and TNF-α can induce angiogenesis, and curcumin can inhibit angiogenesis in ECV304 cells.     

血管内皮生长因子165b对人肝癌HepG2细胞生物学特性的影响

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子165b（VEGF165b）对人肝癌HepG₂细胞生物学特性的影响,并初步研究其作用机制。方法：HepG₂细胞分为空白组（仅加转染试剂）、对照组（转染阴性对照PcDNA3.0表达载体）和PcDNA-VEGF165b组（转染VEGF165b表达载体PcDNA-VEGF165b）。MTT法检测各组HepG₂细胞生存率,RT-PCR法和Western blotting法检测HepG₂细胞中VEGF165b和VEGF165 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,Transwell小室法检测HepG₂细胞迁移能力。结果：与空白组比较,对照组HepG₂细胞中VEGF165b和VEGF165 mRNA和蛋白表达水平无明显变化（P>0.05）。与空白组比较,PcDNA-VEGF165b组细胞中VEGF165b mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）,VEGF165 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）。空白组和对照组细胞生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与空白组和对照组比较,PcDNA-VEGF165b组细胞生存率有所降低,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。细胞迁移实验,空白组和对照组细胞迁移率比较差异无统计学意义（P<0.05）;与空白组和对照组比较,PcDNA-VEGF165b组HepG₂细胞迁移率明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：VEGF 165b能抑制VEGF165基因和蛋白的表达,VEGF165b对肝癌细胞增殖无明显影响,但可降低肝癌细胞的迁移能力。