急性白血病患者血清及骨髓TGF-β_1水平测定的临床意义

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)在急性白血病中的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定68例急性白血病患者血清及骨髓中TGF-β1水平。结果急性白血病初诊患者血清及骨髓TGF-β1水平明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),完全缓解期TGF-β1水平恢复正常,未缓解和复发患者TGF-β1水平与初诊患者无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论检测TGF-β1水平变化有助于急性白血病病情判断,可作为疗效观察的辅助指标。     

骨髓自然杀伤细胞水平对急性髓细胞性白血病患者预后的影响

目的：探讨骨髓自然杀伤（naturalkiller,NK）细胞水平对急性髓细胞性白血病（acutemyeloidleukemia,AML）患者预后的影响。方法：研究分成AML初治组40例,缓解组20例,正常对照组20例。均抽取骨髓液2ml,采用直接免疫荧光标记法对骨髓有核细胞进行单克隆抗体（CD16＋／CD56＋）标记,应用流式细胞仪进行NK细胞数量的检测。结果：初治组患者骨髓NK细胞表达水平较缓解组显著降低（P〈0．01）。缓解组患者骨髓NK细胞表达水平仍低于对照组（P〈0．05）。不同骨髓NK细胞表达水平间原始细胞数量和AML患者疗效差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。结论：骨髓NK细胞表达水平可以作为AML的预后指标,亦有助于指导治疗。     

儿童急性白血病骨髓细胞PCNA和Bcl-2基因表达及其意义

目的　探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)及原癌基因Bcl- 2在儿童急性白血病 (AL)骨髓细胞的表达及临床意义。方法　应用S -P免疫组化法检测 41例儿童AL骨髓标本PC NA和Bcl- 2。结果　急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)组及急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANLL)组PC NA表达率与对照组比较均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 ) ,ALL标危组显著高于高危组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;ALL及ANLL组的Bcl- 2表达率高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,标危组显著低于高危组 (P <0 .0 5 )。PCNA高表达者缓解率显著高于低表达者 (P <0 .0 1) ;Bcl- 2阳性表达者 3年无病生存率显著低于阴性表达者 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　PCNA、Bcl- 2基因在儿童AL中存在表达异常 ,二者均参与发病过程 ,但其作用机制可能是独立的 ,联合检测有助于判断预后。     

单倍体相合骨髓移植白血病患者造血重建的临床分析和实践

目的：观察单倍体相合骨髓移植治疗白血病的造血重建效果。方法选择36例白血病患者作为研究对象,均采取单倍体相合骨髓移植方案进行治疗,对造血重建指标进行观察评估。结果所有患者均在接受骨髓移植后的3~7 d 内白细胞下降至0,中性粒细胞〉0.5×109/ L 和血小板〉20.0×109/ L 的时间分别为（17.5±0.9） d 和（21.5±0.7）d。所有患者3系造血均得到重建。结论骨髓供者通过人粒细胞集落刺激因子预处理后进行骨髓采集,联合多种免疫制剂,能够有效抑制 HLA 多样性屏障,提高白血病患者的造血重建效果,值得重视。     

白血病患者骨髓细胞中载脂蛋白E的表达

目的：探讨白血病患者骨髓细胞中载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ） 的表达。方法：应用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测正常人骨髓细胞及白血病患者骨髓细胞ＡｐｏＥ的表达,正常人骨髓涂片６ 例,急性淋巴细胞性白血病１３ 例,急性髓性细胞白血病２９ 例。结果：ＡｐｏＥ在所检正常人骨髓涂片中均表达（ 着色程度＋ ～《） ,骨髓细胞表达阳性率为２０％ ±４％ 。急性淋巴细胞白血病原始细胞中不表达ＡｐｏＥ,急性髓性细胞白血病原始细胞不同程度表达ＡｐｏＥ,其中急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型着色＋ ,原始细胞表达阳性率为７０％ ±３２ ％ ,急性早幼粒细胞白血病着色《～》,阳性率８９％ ±４ ％ ,急性粒单细胞白血病着色（＋ ～《）,阳性率５０％ ±３％ ,急性单核细胞白血病着色《,阳性率１５ ％ ±４ ％ 。结论：ＡｐｏＥ可作为鉴别髓性和淋巴细胞白血病的一项指标     

Notch信号在急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者骨髓中的表达

目的：通过检测急性早幼粒细胞性白血病（APL）患者治疗前后骨髓中Notch信号途径中受体、配体和靶基因的表达情况,探讨其在APL发生中的作用.方法：采用半定量RT-PCR技术检测APL患者治疗前后骨髓中Notch1,Notch2,Notch3,Notch4,Delta-like-l,Delta-like-4,Jagged1,Jag-ged2,Hes1,Hes5的表达.结果：受体Notch2、配体Jagged1、靶基因Hes1的表达在APL完全缓解后明显下调,其它受体、配体及靶基因的变化无统计学意义.结论：在APL患者治疗前后存在Notch基因的改变,Notch信号的这些改变在APL的发病机制中可能有重要作用.     

急性白血病患者血清促红细胞生成素浓度检测意义

目的 检测正常人及急性白血病和缺铁性贫血中重度贫血患者血清促红细胞生成素(EPO)水平.探讨急性白血病贫血发生机制.方法 ELISA法测定急性白血病59例的血清EPO水平,包括伴中重度贫血患者44例(12例初治患者,13例完全缓解伴贫血患者,19例骨髓抑制期患者)和15例完全缓解非贫血患者.另测定中重度缺铁性贫血15例及12例正常人对照血清的EPO水平.结果 缺铁性贫血组EPO水平与正常人对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05).急性白血病初治组、骨髓抑制组、完全缓解伴贫血组EPO水平显著高于正常人对照组和缺铁性贫血组(P<0.05).初治组、骨髓抑制组、完全缓解伴贫血组之间EPO水平无显著差异(P>0.05).完全缓解贫血组EPO水平高于完全缓解非贫血组(P<0.05),后者与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05).中重度贫血急性白血病及缺铁性贫血患者血清EPO水平与血红蛋白水平均呈明显负相关(r=-0.697和-0.970,P<0.05).结论 急性白血病贫血患者血清EPO水平显著高于正常对照,中重度贫血急性白血病患者EPO与Hb之间呈显著负相关.说明白血病患者EPO合成机制完整,EPO水平除与Hb水平和缺氧有关外,主要与骨髓红系造血功能相关,骨髓红系造血缺陷是产生贫血主要原因.

Abstract：

Objective To detect serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and iron deficient anemia (IDA) with moderate or severe anemia and explore the mechanism of anemia in these patients. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of EPO in 59 patients with AL, among whom 15 had complete remission without anemia and 44 had moderate or severe anemia (including 12 receiving the initial treatment, 13 with complete remission and concurrent anemia, and 19 with bone marrow suppression). Serum EPO was also detected in 15 IDA patients and 12 healthy individuals. Results The IDA patients and healthy individuals had similar serum EPO levels (P>0.05), and by comparison, the EPO levels were significantly increased in AL patients upon the initial treatment, those with bone marrow suppression and those with complete remission and anemia, but comparable between the latter 3 groups (P>0.05). Among the patients with complete remission, the EPO levels were significantly higher in anemic patients than in those without anemia (P<0.05), and the latter patients had similar EPO levels with the healthy individuals (P>0.05). In both AL and IDA patients with moderate or severe anemia, the serum EPO level was inversely correlated to the level of hemoglobin (r=-0.697 and -0.970, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion AL patients with anemia have significantly higher serum EPO levels than healthy individuals. In AL and IDA patients with moderate or severe anemia, EPO levels are inversely correlated to the level of hemoglobin, suggesting the integrity of the EPO synthesis mechanism in AL patients. Serum EPO level is also associated with bone marrow function in addition to hypoxia and hemoglobin levels, and hematopoiesis deficit in the early stage may be the main cause of anemia.     

MRI下骶髂关节炎的临床鉴别诊断

影像学一直是诊断和评估骶髂关节炎的重要手段。核磁共振成像可早期发现并评估骶髂关节改变,在诊断骶髂关节炎相关疾病及协助临床决策方面具有重要作用。临床上引起骶髂关节炎的疾病很多,如脊柱关节炎、关节退行性改变、感染、肿瘤等。临床中误诊原因多为对影像学的误读所致,且误诊给社会及患者带来巨大精神及经济负担。本文总结了骶髂关节在脊柱关节炎及相关鉴别诊断中的MRI影像学特点,强调临床工作中,影像学提示出现骶髂关节炎可能涉及如风湿免疫科、感染科、肿瘤科、内分泌等多学科的疾病。很多病例影像学虽然提示有骶髂关节炎改变,但临床医生在诊疗过程中更应结合患者的年龄、性别、体征、症状及实验室检查等相关临床特点加以综合分析和判断,避免误诊。因此,本文对不同疾病引起的骶髂关节炎的核磁共振表现做一综述。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后关系

目的 探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析124例ITP患者的预后与初诊时骨髓涂片巨核细胞的数量、原始幼稚巨核细胞百分数的关系。结果 初诊时骨髓巨核细胞计数越多，预后越好；初诊时骨髓原始幼稚巨核细胞比例越高，预后越好。结论 初治时骨髓巨核细胞的数量、原始幼稚巨核细胞百分数与ITP预后有密切关系，可作为早期判断ITP预后的指标。     

Assessment of bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women with varying bone densities: magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

Background Recent studies suggest that bone marrow adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. There are inconsistent findings on the relationship among marrow fat content, bone mineral density and apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC）. This study aimed to prospectively explore the efficacy of MR spectroscopy （MRS） and diffusion-weighted MR imaging （DWl） in detecting vertebral marrow changes in postmenopausal women with varying bone densities. Methods Both MRS and DWl of the lumber spine were performed in 102 postmenopausal women （mean age, （67.3±6.5） years; range, 55-83 years）, who underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry. Marrow fat content and ADC were compared and correlated among three groups： 24 with normal bone density, 31 with osteopenia and 47 with osteoporosis. Results Vertebral marrow fat content was significantly increased in the osteoporotic group （（65.60±7.68）%, P 〈0.001） and the osteopenic group （（57.68±6.45）%, P 〈0.001）, when compared with the normal bone density group （（51.67±3.27）%）. ADC values were significantly decreased in the osteoporotic group （（0.39±0.03）×10^-3mm^2/s, P 〈0.001） and in the osteopenic group （（0.42±0.02）×10^-3mm^2/s, P 〈0.001）, when compared with the normal bone density group （（0.47±0.03）×10^-3mm^2/s）. The marrow fat content negatively correlated with both bone density （r=-0.731, P 〈0.001） and marrow ADC （r=-0.572, P 〈0.001）. The bone density positively correlated with the ADC values （r=0.802, P 〈0.001）. Conclusions Postmenopausal women experience a corresponding increase in vertebral marrow fat content as the bone density decreases. Marrow fat content and ADC correlate to the bone density. MRS and DWl may indirectly assess the early bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women.     

染色体与急性白血病相关性分析

目的 应用细胞遗传学分析方法,研究急性白血病染色体异常,结合临床探讨细胞遗传学对急性白血病诊治的价值.同时结合国内外细胞遗传学危险度划分标准,分析核型与预后的相关性.方法 采用短期培养法制备骨髓细胞染色体,以G显带对77例急性白血病患者进行染色体核型分析,并对参与诱导治疗的患者进行生存随访.结果 77例白血病患者中,染色体异常核型检出率为79%.参与治疗的63例病人中,首次完全缓解率为78%.典型的t(15;17)患者治疗预后良好.结论 70%以上的急性白血病患者会出现染色体异常.细胞遗传学改变是影响急性白血病预后的独立因素.     

Tumor infiltration of bone marrow in patients with hemato- logical malignancies: dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Background Conventional magnetic resonance （MR） scanning techniques can identify bone marrow （BM） containing mostly fat cells. But they are not able to differentiate BM tumor infiltration, BM fibrosis and normal red BM. This is particularly problematic in assessment of recurrent or refractory hematological malignancy. This pilot study used dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging （DCE-MRI） to evaluate the bone marrow status and to determine whether several calculated parameters derived from the DCE-MRI correlate with histological characteristics of marrow, especially with the tumor fraction （TF）. Methods DCE-MRI scans were performed in 25 patients with proven or known hematological malignancy who were about to undergo bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest. The location chosen for biopsy was examined with MRI approximately one hour prior to the biopsy. Time-signal intensity curves （TIC） were generated from the region of the iliac crest corresponding to the planned biopsy site. Enhancement parameters were calculated, including peak enhancement ratio （PER）, maximum enhancement slope （S1opemax）, time to peak （TTP） and mean time （MT）. The biopsy specimen was reported synoptically, with relevant reported parameters including cellularity and tumor fraction （TF）. Results PER values were significantly higher for the bone marrow tumor infiltration group than for the normal bone marrow group （P〈0.05）. A significant positive correlation was found between PER and TF as well as S1opemax and TF. A negative correlation was found between TTP and TF. There was no significant difference in the mean TTP and MT values between the BM tumor infiltration group and the normal bone marrow group. Conclusions The presence of diffuse bone marrow infiltration in patients with haematological malignancies could be verified using DCE-MRI.     

急性髓细胞白血病患者CD96和CD123的表达及对预后的意义*

目的 检测CD96、CD123在急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患者中的表达,探讨其与AML疗效和预后的关系。方法 选取156例AML患者为观察对象,选取同期该院健康体检者150例作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测CD96、CD123表达情况,并分析CD96、CD123表达与化疗疗效的关系。结果 AML患者CD96、CD123的阳性表达率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）;AML患者中CD96、CD123阳性表达的缓解率均低于阴性表达者（P?<0.05）;AML患者中CD96、CD123阳性表达的生存率均低于阴性表达者（P?<0.05）;AML患者中CD96、CD123阳性表达的化疗后感染、化疗后复发发生率均高于阴性表达者（P?<0.05）;AML患者中CD96、CD123阳性表达的中位生存期均低于阴性表达者（P?<0.05）。结论 CD96、CD123在AML中均有不同程度的表达,其阳性表达可能与原发耐药或复发进展有关,可作为判断AML患者预后的相关指标。     

急性白血病不同病期端粒酶活性及其预后意义初探

目的：观察急性白血病（AL）不同病期端粒酶活性及其与AL预后的关系。方法：用端粒重复扩增酶联免疫法进行端粒酶活性半定量测定。结果：（1）初发AL端粒酶活性与首次完全缓解（CR）期无显著差异而与CR期超3个月者差异显著；（2）CR3个月后持续高端粒酶活性提示缓解期短，预后不佳。结论：CR3个月后端粒酶活性可作为预后判定指标之一，而发病前端端酶活性与预后无关。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿血清铁调素水平及临床意义

目的 探索急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患儿血清铁调素(Hepcidin)水平及其临床意义.方法 选择ALL患儿30例为研究对象,随访时间截止到2020年2月,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检...     

ENTPD5在急性白血病骨髓液中的表达

目的观察内质网酶ENTPD5蛋白在急性白血病(AL)骨髓液中的表达,了解其与AL发病的关系。方法选取AL患者111例,其中急性髓系白血病(AML)患者78例(初治组48例,复发组10例,缓解组20例),急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患者33例(初治组14例,复发组9例,缓解组10例)。将62例初治AL患者分为高危组26例,中危组19例,低危组17例。应用Western blot法检测ENTPD5在AL中的表达量,比较在不同分型AL患者中初治、复发、缓解阶段以及在低危、中危、高危组AL患者中该蛋白表达的差异;同时分析ENTPD5表达与临床指标的相关性。结果ENTPD5的表达水平在AML、ALL患者中初治和复发组均高于缓解组(P<0.05),低危组ENTPD5的表达量明显低于高危组和中危组(P<0.05)。ENTPD5的表达量与初治时外周血白细胞计数、骨髓原始细胞百分比、基因WT1和微小残留病灶均有一定相关性。结论 AL存在ENTPD5的表达异常,该蛋白在AL的发生中可能起重要作用。     

急性白血病患者骨髓细胞中TSLC1的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察肺癌肿瘤抑制物1(tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1,TSLC1)在急性白血病(acute leukemia,AL)患者骨髓细胞中的表达情况,探讨其在AL的早期诊断、预后评估及指导治疗中的意义。方法:应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测39例AL患者及10例对照组骨髓细胞中TSLC1 mRNA的表达情况。结果:对照组TSLC1表达阳性率为80.00%,AL组为12.82%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)中M1、M2及M5型与对照组TSLC1表达差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01);M3、M4型与对照组TSLC1表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),各亚型间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:AL中TSLC1失表达是一个频发事件,可能与AL的发生、发展有关,对AL的早期诊断、预后评估及指导治疗具有重要意义。     

Correlation between growth pattern in vitro and karyotype of bone marrow cells and prognosis in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

Summary Growth pattern in vitro and karyotype of cultured bone marrow cells were studied in 31 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Two different growth patterns were identified: cluster growth (pattern I), and no growth (pattern ll). Patients with growth pattern I had a significantly higher complete remission (CR) rate clinically than those with growth pattern I. A serial study of 23 patients during induction treatment showed three different patterns: (1) colony growth, (2) persistence of clusters, and (3) persistence of no growth. The prognosis of the patients with the first pattern was most favourable, 11 of 13 patients achieved CR on an average of 24 days after first detection of colony formation. The data from 152 cultures showed that the colony forming ability had a negative correlation with the percentage of marrow blasts. Karyotype analysis with G-banding technique was successfully performed in 26 patients, in 14 of whom abnormal clones were detected. There was no difference in CR rates between groups NN, A A and AN, although CR was more easily achieved in patients with t(8; 2l). No relationship was seen between growth pattern and karyotype.     

新基因HA117编码蛋白在儿童急性白血病中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨多药耐药新基因HA117编码蛋白在儿童急性白血病(acute leukemia,AL)患儿骨髓单个核细胞(bone marrow mononuclear cells,BMMNC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法将67例AL患儿分为初诊组、完全缓解组和未缓解组,10例ITP患儿为对照组。应用免疫组织化学法检测BMMNC中HA117编码蛋白及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达。结果HA117编码蛋白在AL患儿中阳性表达率从低至高为:完全缓解组、初诊组、未缓解组,对照组呈阴性表达;初诊组中强阳性(+++)表达者其首次缓解(CR1)率(16.67%)显著低于阴性表达组(94.74%)(P<0.01)及中度表达组(87.50%)(P<0.05);同一患儿中HA117编码蛋白表达与P-gp表达无相关性(κ=0.195,P>0.05),两者均表达者CR率(30.00%)显著低于HA117+/P-gp-、HA117-/P-gp+组(83.33%)(P<0.05)及HA117-/P-gp-组(94.44%)(P<0.01)。结论 HA117编码蛋白的过表达与临床化疗耐药密切相关,是儿童AL预后的不利因素,且其耐药机制可能是独立的非P-gp介导的;HA117编码蛋白与P-gp两者同时高表达提示预后不良。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow in 3 patients with aplastic anemia

Bone marrow appearances in aplastic anemia are characterized by the abundance of fatty marrow that replaces normal functional marrow. The signal intensity of aplastic bone marrow in sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the spine is bright, resembling that of subcutaneous fat and, in most cases, is not difficult to differentiate from normal age-related marrow changes. Three patients with aplastic anemia are described, and the correlation of magnetic resonance imaging of the spine with bone marrow trephine biopsy findings in these patients is portrayed. Magnetic resonance imaging is an accessible, non-invasive technique that allows sampling of a larger volume of bone marrow tissue and is especially useful in the detection of fatty marrow replacement of the normal functional marrow in aplastic anemia.