着眼非战争军事行动卫勤保障特点打造全面过硬应急机动卫生防疫力量

通过分析近年来济南军区执行非战争军事行动卫生防疫任务的实践,为推动部队应急机动卫生防疫力量建设提供借鉴和启示.针对非战争军事行动卫勤保障条件艰难、情况复杂、力量多元、任务艰巨、紧急、多样等特点,分析总结当前非战争军事行动卫生防疫面临的形势与挑战,总结应急机动卫生防疫力量建设的做法和经验.通过系统总结,就如何加强应急机动卫生防疫力量在队伍建设、人才培养、应急反应、组织指挥、军地联合、研究创新等方面建设,叙述了相应的观点,并提出了应对措施.军队卫生防疫防护工作作为遂行非战争军事行动体系的重要组成部分,其作用地位越来越受到关注,肩负的使命将更加艰巨繁重.应急机动卫生防疫力量必须政治合格、技术过硬、反应快速、指挥高效、军地一体、携手联控、与时俱进、同步建设.     

谋划建设高起点——第二炮兵防护防疫环境

第二炮兵防护防疫环境监测队是一支活跃在部队卫生防疫一线的尖兵，是全军的应急卫勤机动力量，2005年被纳入国家公共卫生体系。主要承担二炮部队卫生防疫和导弹推进剂、核武器作业卫生防护双重保障任务和重大军事行动遂行卫生防疫保障以及应对突发性公共卫生事件卫生防疫工作。     

灾害医学救援中卫生防疫模块内涵建设探讨与实践

目的探讨执行医学救援卫生防疫模块内涵建设的持续发展,根据灾害救援卫勤保障在不同时期、不同情况下的目标要求、基本任务进行组合和建立新系统,以达到组织、制度、机构、装备、技术适应保障机动、灵活的目的。方法针对国际灾害医学救援任务存在着具有很强的突发性和不确定性的特点,结合卫生防疫现状,对预防理念、防疫力量内涵建设进行分析和总结。结果提出灾害应急救援早期开展主动卫生防疫策略研究,制定了一套主动卫生防疫策略系列保障体系;突出建立卫生防护用品保障、卫生防疫技术保障、应急救援技能培训保障、救援队伍健康服务保障体系的"四四"保障方案;重点制定应急药械随行、应急防病监测、职业暴露与应急处置、心理救援和干预技术等干预预案。结论提高卫生防疫模块的内涵建设和发展,根据模块任务需要再分组分工细化应急行动能力,形成标准化机制,有效地提升灾害医学救援的卫生防疫能力和水平。     

我军非战争军事行动卫生防疫保障现状与对策

我军非战争军事行动卫生防疫保障在各方面的努力下取得了显著成绩,但仍存在诸如组织指挥缺乏统一性权威性、高级卫生防疫专家缺乏等问题.通过对汶川抗震救灾期间卫生防疫保障工作实践,提出通过统筹资源,完善我军应急保障体系;军地联合,构建科学高效组织指挥体系;突出重点,培养复合型防疫人才;大力加强卫生防疫科技创新研究;积极加快卫生防疫装备器材配套研制;努力改善卫生防疫力量的支撑条件;大力推进战略投送力量建设;立足自身解决心理问题等提高我军非战争军事行动卫生防疫保障能力的主要对策.     

军队疾病预防控制力量抗震救灾卫生防疫救援实践与思考

目的 总结汶川、海地、玉树抗震救灾卫生防疫救援实践,为军队疾病预防控制力量执行非战争军事行动卫生防疫保障提供参考.方法 对各次抗震救灾卫生防疫救援的基本情况、特点、做法进行回顾性总结.结果 提出抗震救灾卫生防疫救援的经验:(1)卫勤保障模式要灵活运用；(2)专业技术力量要合理编组；(3)任务转换时机要准确把握；(4)应急防控措施要综合推进.结论 抗震救灾卫生防疫救援,应根据组织指挥体制,明确军地力量协同关系;认清灾区并非疫区,科学组织实施卫生防疫；坚持以人为本,加强救援队员个人卫生防护；按照国际通用标准,建立卫生防疫救援队伍.     

新疆地区应急卫生防疫保障辅助决策系统研究

简述了应急卫生防疫的基本概念,系统地阐述了国内外应急卫生防疫保障的研究现状及存在的主要问题,提出了开展新疆地区应急卫生防疫保障辅助决策系统研究的必要性,通过加强决策信息的研究,可以构建科学高效的卫生防疫保障辅助决策支持系统,切实提高突发事件的应急处置能力。     

浅谈应急部队卫生防疫屏障的建立

目的：摸索应急部队在应急作战条件下卫生防疫保障的规律性,以更好地提高部队战斗力,保证各项应急任务的完成。方法：把卫生防病保障诸多因素视作一个“屏障”系统,针对应急作战部队的特点,结合以往卫生防疫的经验,总结论述未来战争条件下应急作战部队卫生防疫保障的规律和基本模式。结果：通过分析总结,从以下几个方面论述了建立应急部队卫生防疫屏障的问题：（１）卫生防疫屏障的形成;（２）卫生防疫屏障作用的发挥;（３）     

反恐怖斗争卫生防疫保障的探讨

该文探讨了反恐怖斗争中卫生防疫保障承担的主要任务,即平时公共卫生监测、现场检测、应急处置、指导防疫防护、心理危机干预,提出了卫生防疫保障中预先准备、组织指挥、现场处置的方法和步骤,为反恐怖斗争中卫生防疫保障提供参考.     

震灾造成的公共卫生问题与防疫应急对策

目的探索重大灾害卫生防疫应急特点规律,提高卫生防疫应急保障能力。方法回顾参加“5·12”汶川地震灾后卫生防疫救援工作,总结地震灾害特点、公共卫生问题,以及卫生防疫应急对策。结果针对灾害所造成的公共卫生问题进行了详实回顾和梳理,分析产生问题原因,采取了积极有效的防控措施,确保了任务完成。结论大灾之后卫生防疫工作只要快速反应、科学防控、果断处置,就可以避免和控制重大疫情的发生,保护救灾人员和受灾群众的健康安全。     

关于加强空军部队卫生防疫工作的思考

从空军部队卫生防疫工作现状入手,总结加强空军部队卫生防疫工作的措施,提出加强空军部队卫生防疫工作的思路,即建强空军三级卫生防疫体系,突出航空卫生防疫、应急卫生防疫和职业卫生防疫3个工作重点,努力提升卫生监督、疾病监测、健康教育、心理服务和信息保障5种能力,指导空军部队切实做好卫生防疫工作。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.