军队综合医院中医药学科建设探讨

以军队某综合医院加强中医药学科建设的实践为基础,在系统回顾相关文献和综合分析军队医院中医药学科建设现状的基础上,提出军队综合医院中医药学科建设的重要意义,指出了军队综合医院中医药学科建设的3个主要特征,并根据相应特征提出了军队综合医院中医药学科建设的3个基本原则,以及在实践中需要突出把握的4个关键环节,为构建有我军特色的医院中医药学科建设模式奠定了基础。     

军队中小医院学科建设对策

1军队中小医院学科建设现状1.1人才短缺及人才结构不合理随着军队医院编制调整和保障任务加重,技术干部相对缺乏,有些技术骨干由于各种原因离开了医院,导致人才短缺。军队由于其特殊性,人员流动性较大,人才队伍建设变数较大,久而久之,容易出现人才结构不合理局面[1]。1.2优势学科不突出军队中小医院由于人员数质量有限,经费相对短缺,在学科建设上人员及经费分散投入,就难以形成自己的学科优势和特色。1.3配套建设相对滞后军队中小医院由于创收能力有限,或者重创收轻投入,使得实验室条件、科研条件、设备、图书资料等学科配套建设滞后,因而影…     

军队大型综合性医院学科建设的实践

为了探索军队大型综合性医院学科建设问题,结合工作实践,在充分调查论证的基础上,笔者认为,大型综合性医院学科建设应该在科学规划发展蓝图、精心培育特色学科、积极推进临床科研、有序孵育科技成果、加强学术交流和打造支撑平台等六个方面下功夫,努力实现医院的又好又快发展。     

军队医院健康管理学科建设的挑战与发展

目的：建立以健康管理为中心的服务模式是一场深刻的卫生变革,本文从加速军队健康管理学科建设发展为着力点,探讨加强学科建设的途径和举措,谋求创新发展,以提高维护与促进军民健康管理服务水平,以建设具有军队特色技术的健康管理学科。方法通过对军队医院健康学科建设现状分析的基础上,找准制约问题与因素,运用深化编制改革、人才与标准化管理、信息与创新技术等学科建设要素,提出建设思路与方法。结果军队健康管理学科建设面对的机遇与挑战并存,学科建设和健康管理服务水平虽取得进步,但在组织编设、人才技术队伍、标准化建设、信息化管理和技术品牌等方面存在与学科发展不相适应的问题。结论稳步推进军队医院健康管理学科建设发展的措施有,加强顶层设计与管理;建立人才培训示范基地;推进标准化全面建设;搭建信息数字化平台;打造技术品牌。     

某院优势学科建设实践

军队医院在为军服务保障的同时也身处市场经济调控大潮中,医院主体之间的竞争日趋激烈,体系部队与驻地民众对医院的需求和要求日益提高,提升医院整体竞争力是每所医院追求的最终目标。就现状看,军队医院,特别是中小型医院,在竞争中往往处于弱势。要提升医院整体竞争力需加强核心竞争力,这就要求军队医院必须强化军队自身服务区域的功能,立足区域经济发展需求,突出学科建设龙头地位,强化特色意识,把市场竞争力与区域保障力有机结合起来。     

医院学科发展战略探讨

医院的学科发展是医院内涵建设的核心问题,在医院发展中处于战略地位,学科是医院服务的重要载体,是医院运行的基础.学科的设置要注重功能效应,突出优势学科,综合学科和专业学科有机结合.学科建设的核心是技术建设,应高度重视技术基础建设,注重借鉴世界先进技术成果,强调应用适宜技术.学科的发展要注重技术与人才、技术与设备、技术与服务、技术与管理的配套.     

大型综合性军队医院学科建设循证研究

通过系统回顾2000年以来在中文期刊上发表的有关军队医院学科建设的文献．总结出大型综合性军队医院学科建设中存在规模受限等6个方面的主要问题．阐述了目前这些医院促进学科发展过程中采取的4个方面的主要措施．并结合某医院近年来的学科建设进行了实证研究,提出了转变指导思想等6个方面的关于加强学科建设的做法．对大型综合性军队医院学科建设中存在的问题具有一定的指导作用。     

新时期军队医院学科建设面临的困难与对策

随着国家医药卫生体制改革的不断深入．地方公立医院对产权制度、人事任用、利益分配、运营管理等机制进行了大力改革．为医院的快速发展奠定了基础。军队医院由于自身定位和编制体制等因素的制约,在人力资源、资金融通、管理手段等方面缺乏灵活性,学科建设面临诸多困难。医院的核心竞争力受到较大影响。随着新军事变革向纵深发展．由此产生的各种矛盾将越来越突出．军队医院的建设和发展面临巨大挑战。作为军队医院管理者．既要面向战场,又要应对市场,适应形势需要,创新工作思路,切实采取有效措施．加强学科建设,保持医院可持续发展。     

医院加强学科建设的几点体会

学科建设反映医院特色和水平,一所医院是否一流主要取决于是否拥有一批高水平、有特色、体系配套的学科,是否拥有一支造诣深、声望高、有影响的学术队伍,是否拥有国内领先、国际先进的科技成果。学科、人才、水平三者的相互关系可概括为学科是基础,人才是关键、水平是标志。而学科建设是医院工作的根本和核心,是提升医院医疗、教学、科研工作水平、促进医院高层次人才培养的重要途径,也是促进医院发展的重要保证。近年来,本院作为一所集医疗、科研、教学为一体的三级甲等医院,院领导重视学科建设、人才建设,抓住机遇,开拓创新,学科建设工作取得了显著成绩。     

用科学发展观促进中小医院学科建设

新形势下,军队中小医院必须牢固确立科学发展观,紧紧围绕新时期军事斗争后勤准备任务要求和军队质量建设目标,坚持“以军为主、以人为本,统筹兼顾、自主创新,质量至上、特色取胜”的原则,下大力抓好学科建设,全面提升医院的综合保障能力。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.